Study on destressing technology for a roadway driven along goaf in a fully mechanized top-coal caving face

Based on the deformation characteristics of the roadways driven along goaf in fully mechanized top coal caving faces, the author considers that it is the key to ensure the stability of surrounding rocks of roadway driven along goaf to control the deformation during the period affected by mining. Considering the characteristics of the roadway layout in fully mechanized top coal caving faces, a technical scheme of destressing is put forward and the destressing effect is analyzed by using the software of Universal Distinct Element Code 3 0(UDEC 3 0).

Stability Control of Gob-Side Entry Retaining in Fully Mechanized Caving Face Based on a Compatible Deformation Model

The stability control of gob-side entry retaining in fully mechanized caving face is a typical challenge in many coal mines in China.The rotation and subsidence of the lateral cantilever play a critical role in a coal mine,possibly leading to instability in a coal seam wall or a gob-side wall due to its excessive rotation subsidence.Hence,the presplitting blasting measures in the roof was implemented to cut down the lower main roof and convert it to caved immediate roof strata,which can significantly reduce the rotation space for the lateral cantilever and effectively control its rotation.Firstly,the compatible deformation model was established to investigate the quantitative relationship between the deformation of the coal seam wall and the gob-side wall and the subsidence of the lateral cantilever.Then,the instability judgments for the coal seam wall and gob-side wall were revealed,and the determination method for the optimal roof cutting height were obtained.Furthermore,The Universal Distinct Element Code numerical simulation was adopted to investigate the effect of roof-cutting height on the stability of the retained entry.The numerical simulation results indicated that the deformation of the roadway could be effectively controlled when the roofcutting height reached to 18 m,which verified the theoretical deduction well.Finally,a field application was performed at the No.3307 haulage gateway in the Tangan coal mine,Ltd.,Shanxi Province,China.The field monitoring results showed that the blasting roof cutting method could effectively control the large deformation of surrounding rocks,which provided helpful references for coal mine safety production under similar conditions.

Top-coal deformation control of gob-side entry with narrow pillars and its application for fully mechanized mining face

A mechanical model to control the top-coal deformation is established in accordance with the structural characters of the gob-side entry surrounding rock for the fully-mechanic top-coal caving; the analytical solution of top coal roof-sag curve is deduced with Winkler elastic foundation beam model. By means of a calculating and analytic program, the top coal roof-sag values are calculated under the conditions of different supporting intensities, widths of narrow pillars and stiffness of top coal; meanwhile, the relationship between the roof-sag values and supporting intensity, width of narrow pillars and stiffness of top coal is analyzed as well. With the actual situation of the gob-side entry taken into consideration, the parameters of top-coal control are determined and a supporting plan is proposed for the top-coal control,which is proved to be reliable and effective by on-site verification. Some theoretical guidance and advice are put forward for the top-coal deformation control in gob-side entry for fully mechanized top-coal caving face.

Analysis on distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face

The three-dimensional damage constitutive relationship of coal is established and distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face under the effect of given deformation of the main roof is analyzed by the damage mechanics theory. And the relationship between distribution of the abutment pressure and thickness of coal seam is explored. The presented result is of great theoretical significance and practical value to the study on stability control of the surrounding rock of road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face.

Study of mechanical principle of floor heave of roadway driving along next goaf in fully mechanized sub-level caving face

Abstract On the basis of analyzing floor strata mechanical circumstance of the roadway, the mechanical model was established. The relative displacement of roadway floor, narrow pillar floor coal mass and floor strata was calculated, the results showed that the high abutment pressure on coal mass beside the roadway was the main reason to lead to relative displacement of floor strata. And the roadway floor heave come mainly from three aspects. Firstly, the roadway floor strata is easily fractured by the stretch stress. Secondly, because the high abutment pressure is greater than the uniaxial compressive strength of floor strata, when the roadway floor strata are fractured, the coal mass floor strata at the same depth will be fractured, and broken rock will fluid into the open roadway. Thirdly, comparing with the coal mass floor, the roadway floor is relative ascending.

Distribution laws of abutment pressure around fully mechanized top-coal caving face by in-situ measurement

In order to obtain the distribution rules of abutment pressure around the 1151 （3） fully mechanized top-coal caving （FMTC） face of Xieqiao Colliery, the KSE-II-1 type bore-hole stress gauges were installed in the tailentry and headentry to measure the mining-induced stress. The distribution rules of the front and side abutment pressure were demonstrated. The results show that distribution rules of stress are obviously different in the vicinity of the face and entries. The peak value of abutment pressure in the protective coal pillar and face are located commonly in front of the working face along the strike, and they are located at the stress-decreased zone near the face. There is no stress peak value in the lateral coal mass beside the headentry in front of the face on the strike, and the peak value of abutment pressure appears at the rear area of the face. There are stress peak values both in the protective coal pillar and in the lateral coal mass beside the headentry to the dip.

Arrangement of anchor reinforcement in roadway for fully mechanized sublevel caving

Bolting of mining roadway for fully mechanized sublevel caving has been practised successfully in Hebi mining area.It provides a new method for roadway support and settles the problem of support difficulty radically for sublevel caving in Hebi mining area.Where anchor reinforcement holds an important station in roadway support.This article brings forward the arrangement project of anchor based on theoretic analysis.Compared with arranged in the middle of the entry, anchor arranged in the vertex of the entry can reduces the length of anchor,shortens the anchor installation time,and heightens the reliability of anchor installation.

Reliability analysis of the velocity matching of coal cutting and caving in fully mechanized top-coal caving face

The matching relationship between coal cutting and caving in fully mechanized top-coal caving face is analyzed in detail from the angle of reliability. The coupling equation of reliability is established correspondingly, and the mathematical equation of the coefficient of velocity matching of coal cutting and caving is obtained, which meets a certain reliability demand for making the working procedure of coal caving not influence coal cutting of coal-cutter. The results show that the relationship between the coefficient of the velocity matching and the reliability of coal cutting and caving system is linear on the whole when R <0.9. It is pointed out that different numerical value should be selected for different coal face according to different demand for reliability.

Technological optimization of fully mechanized caving mining face with large mining heights

Fully mechanized cave mining with large mining height is a new mining method, due to its large mining thickness and lower roadway excavation, the technology has been widely used in China＇s thick seam mining. In order to improve the top-coal recovery ratio of fully mechanized cave mining with large mining height, a study was conducted on optimizing the caving process, based on the mechanized caving face 1302N in Longgu Coal Mine. This was achieved by improving the PFC numerical calculation methods, and establishing a more accurate model system. On this basis, the recovery ratio of the top coal in different drawing intervals and technologies was investigated in order to achieve a reasonable caving process. The top-coal tracking system was used for practical surveying of the recovery ratio of top coal.

Analysis of factors of top coal caving in fully mechanized sublevel caving face in soft coal and control

According to the analysis of the mechanism of top coal caving, the caving condition was pointed out, and many factors of caving were also determined. Then the relationship between factors and caving was studied. Based on the above research, one effective method by using field monitoring was brought forward to determine the controlling factor. Then some related key technologies were provided, such as keeping the integrality of the top-coal, raising the horizontal resistance of supports and decreasing the real end-face distance etc.. At last one application of this method was presented, and it was proved to be an effective method.

近距离煤层采空区下综放工作面巷道合理位置研究

近距离煤层综放工作面开采空间大,采动强度高,下位煤层回采巷道受上煤层采动影响存在应力集中、巷道支护困难等问题,因此近距离煤层综放工作面巷道合理位置的选取对后期支护控制起到关键性作用。以西露天煤矿2煤层和1煤层1分层为研究对象,综合考虑了上煤层开采时的底板应力降低区域和下煤层开采时的极限平衡区域,确定了下煤层巷道的合理位置应在距离实体煤柱内错22.79 m以上的区域。基于上述理论计算结果,分析了上煤层开采后底板应力分布规律及不同内错距下巷道围岩变形破坏特征及规律,结果表明:①距离采空区底板越近,应力最大值与最小值相差越明显;②随着内错距不断增大,围岩应力和应力集中系数呈现急剧降低-缓慢增大-稳定的趋势,在内错距20~25 m内应力及应力集中系数相对较小;③巷道围岩塑性区范围呈现先减小后增大的趋势,当巷道处于内错20,25 m时巷道围岩破坏相对较小;④巷道变形量随着内错距增大而逐渐减小,当内错距增加至25 m时,巷道围岩移进量基本保持不变;⑤确定巷道合理内错距为20~25 m。工程应用结果表明:巷道采用内错距24 m布置时,巷道围岩松动破坏深度及变形量均在可控范围内,进一步证明了该内错距的合理性。

孤岛综放工作面小煤柱沿空掘巷围岩控制技术研究

为提高同宝煤业15106孤岛工作面煤炭资源回收率,提出采用留小煤柱沿空掘巷技术施工辅运顺槽。通过理论计算和数值模拟分析确定了小煤柱宽度为8m,并提出了“锚网索+煤柱侧锚索梁加固+破碎区段煤柱侧巷帮注浆加固”的联合支护方案。应用结果表明:煤柱帮和实体煤帮最大位移量分别为223.56 mm、68.36mm,顶板最大下沉量为216.52mm,底鼓量最大值为172.54mm,沿空巷道围岩变形控制效果显著。此外,采用小煤柱沿空掘巷技术后,区段煤柱宽度由25m缩小至8m,可多回收煤柱资源约10.15万t,经济效益显著。

双临空综放面巷道变形能量时空演化机理及防治技术研究

以塔山矿8204-2特厚煤层综放不规则双临空工作面工程地质条件为背景,基于数值模拟揭示了不同煤柱宽度下采动应力及煤柱应变能密度分布特征。结果表明,双临空工作面回采期间,30~60 m宽的煤柱处于高应力状态,峰值超过25.96 MPa,为原岩应力的2.09倍;当煤柱宽度在30~60 m时,煤柱表现出高应力、高应变能密度的“两高”特点,发生强动压的危险性高。为防止三角变宽煤柱动力失稳,现场成功实践了“超深高密大直径卸压钻孔+补丁锚索加强支护”的强动压治理技术,使得巷道掘进和回采期间均未发生冲击地压及显著动压事故,实现了不规则综放面的安全回采。

综放工作面“以孔代巷”瓦斯治理技术应用

针对王家岭矿采煤工作面“厚煤层、高产量、瓦斯低含量”的特点,拟定采用顶板走向长钻孔代替高抽巷的瓦斯治理技术。以该矿18103工作面为工程实例,通过施工定向顶板走向长钻孔进行抽采试验,以验证“以孔代巷”瓦斯治理的可行性及有效性,应用取得显著效果。

综放面动压巷道失稳特征及控制技术研究

针对综放工作面动压巷道失稳问题,以河北某冲击地压矿井为工程背景,通过理论分析、数值模拟、实验室实验的方法对综放工作面动压巷道失稳特征进行了研究,结果表明:工作面采动应力多以动载荷形式作用于工作面煤体,煤体强度为18.3 MPa,煤体动力失稳与煤体储存弹性能、动载荷以及耗散能量有关,弹性能积聚与极限能量差越大,动力显现越明显,工作面超前段受到组合应力影响,弹性能储存相对较高,容易发生动力失稳,动载荷影响下,工作面动压巷道围岩塑性区逐渐增大并实现贯通,弹性区减小,容易诱发连锁动力失稳。针对不同诱发因素提出了顶板爆破、超前段钻孔卸压以及补强支护的方法,对顶板动载荷、超前采动应力以及巷道围岩破碎带进行处理。

综放开采回采巷道切顶护巷技术研究

厚煤层综放开采时由于一次开采厚度大,导致开采引起的采动压力影响范围、显现程度等均较为明显,给邻近巷道围岩控制工作带来一定影响。2301综放工作面运输巷与邻近的2303回风巷间留设25 m保护煤柱,受2301综放工作面开采影响导致2303回风巷变形量较大,难以满足后续使用需要。结合现场条件及以往研究成果,提出在2301运输巷靠近煤柱侧施工切顶钻孔,通过切顶较少2301综放工作面对2303回风巷影响,并对切顶布置方案、乳化炸药布置以及封孔方式等进行详细设计。现场应用后,2303回风巷围岩变形量受2301综放工作面开采影响较小,回风巷围岩变形量在允许范围内,可满足后续使用需要。

厚煤层综放工作面动压影响巷道围岩补强加固技术研究

以20102运输巷围岩控制工程为研究对象,对动压影响下巷道围岩变形特征进行了分析,发现运输巷围岩变形主要以顶板下沉、巷帮收敛为主。依据运输巷现场条件及围岩变形特征,制定了适合厚煤层动压影响巷道围岩的补强加固技术方案,并与原有支护体系相互配合,共同抵御强动压影响。工程应用后,在动压影响范围内20102运输巷顶底板、巷帮最大位移量分别为341、 492 mm,围岩变形量整体较小,可满足运输巷后续使用需求。

综放工作面采空区侧巷道变形特征及控制研究

针对综放工作面采空区侧巷道严重的不对称变形破坏,以大同煤矿巷道为研究对象,通过数值模拟和现场试验,探讨了综放工作面采空区侧巷道变形特征及控制。研究结果表明,空区侧巷道围岩的不对称变形破坏与垮落厚度密切相关,主顶板应力位置随顶煤厚度的变化而变化。针对巷道的非对称变形特征,提出了以非对称高预应力桁架锚索支护为主的控制策略,在巷道修复段进行了现场试验。试验结果表明,巷道不对称变形得到了很好的控制,实现了巷道的长期稳定。

综放工作面小煤柱沿空掘巷煤柱尺寸留设研究

为合理留设综放工作面沿空掘巷煤柱,以山西某矿E4102-1工作面运输顺槽煤柱留设工程概况为例,通过进行调研分析与进行数值模拟分析,并结合工业性试验,得出窄煤柱沿空掘巷技术目前已相对较成熟,可把煤柱尺寸留设为5 m至8 m之间;通过对几种煤柱尺寸下的巷道围岩破坏状况进行数值模拟分析,得出该工作面巷道留设5 m宽的煤柱时,该巷道矿压不会出现明显显现,巷道变形量相对较小,巷道顶板也相对较稳定,能很好的满足矿井安全生产需求,更好地保障矿井安全生产。

经坊煤业厚煤层综放工作面窄煤柱护巷技术应用

为实现精采细收、提高生产效益,经坊煤业进行窄煤柱沿空掘巷工艺应用试验。以3-509综放工作面为工程背景,借助数值模拟、工程类比等手段进行煤柱留设及巷道支护方案研究,结果表明:煤柱宽度为7 m时沿空巷道围岩应力情况有利于其稳定,表面变形量总体较小,依照数值模拟结果设计的“锚杆+锚索”联合支护方案实践阶段围岩控制效果显著,锚杆支护性能得到充分发挥,可保证沿空巷道围岩的整体稳定。