The Basic Units of Living Things:A Cell

What is a cell?Definition,A cell is the basic unit of all living things.It is the unit of life.Some living things consistof only one cell.They are called unicellular(one-celled).Other living things consist of more thanone cell.They are called multicellular(many-celled).All plants and animals are multicellular.God provided his creation with a great variety of cells.Yet,as you will learn,all cells have somethings in common.Basic parts of a cell.

Availability of basic life support courses for the general populations in India, Nigeria and the United Kingdom: An internet-based analysis

BACKGROUND:The number of lay people willing to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)in real life is increased by effective education in basic life support(BLS).However,little is known about access of general public to BLS training across the globe.This study aimed to investigate availability and key features of BLS courses proposed for lay people in India,Nigeria and the United Kingdom(UK).METHODS:A Google search was done in December 2018,using English keywords relevant for community resuscitation training.Ongoing courses addressing BLS and suitable for any adult layperson were included in the analysis.On-site training courses were limited to those provided within the country's territory.RESULTS:A total of 53,29 and 208 eligible courses were found for India,Nigeria and the UK,respectively.In the UK,the number of courses per 10 million population(31.5)is 79 and 21 times higher than that in India(0.4)and Nigeria(1.5).Course geography is limited to 28%states and one union territory in India,30%states and the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria.In the UK,the training is offered in all constituent countries,with the highest prevalence in England.Courses are predominantly classroom-based,highly variable in duration,group size and instructors'qualifications.For India and Nigeria,mean cost of participation is exceeding the monthly minimum wage.CONCLUSION:In contrast to the UK,the availability and accessibility of BLS courses are critically limited in India and Nigeria,necessitating immediate interventions to optimize community CPR training and improve bystander CPR rates.

Growth Habit of the Basic Oxysulfate Magnesium Whisker

The growth habit of the basic magnesium oxysulfate whisker was investigated based on the theoreticalmodelof anion coordination polyhedron growth units.It is found that typicalbasic magnesium oxysulfate whisker growth is consistent with anion tetrahedralcoordination incorporation rules.The growth units of basic magnesium oxysulfate whiskers are [Mg-（OH）_4]^（2-） and HSO_4^-.[Mg-（OH）_4]^（2-） is the favorable growth unit and whisker growth is in the direction of the [Mg-（OH）_4]^（2-） combination.A plurality of [Mg-（OH）_4]^（2-） s combine and become a larger dimensionalgrowth unit in a one-dimensionaldirection.Then HSO_4^- and larger dimensionalgrowth units connect as basic magnesium sulfate whiskers,according to the structuralcharacteristics of the basic magnesium sulfate whisker,which can guide the synthesis of magnesium hydroxide whisker.

SEIHCRD Model for COVID-19 Spread Scenarios,Disease Predictions and Estimates the Basic Reproduction Number,Case Fatality Rate,Hospital,and ICU Beds Requirement

We have proposed a new mathematical method,the SEIHCRD model,which has an excellent potential to predict the incidence of COVID-19 diseases.Our proposed SEIHCRD model is an extension of the SEIR model.Three-compartments have added death,hospitalized,and critical,which improves the basic understanding of disease spread and results.We have studiedCOVID-19 cases of six countries,where the impact of this disease in the highest are Brazil,India,Italy,Spain,the United Kingdom,and the United States.After estimating model parameters based on available clinical data,the modelwill propagate and forecast dynamic evolution.Themodel calculates the Basic reproduction number over time using logistic regression and the Case fatality rate based on the selected countries’age-category scenario.Themodel calculates two types of Case fatality rate one is CFR daily,and the other is total CFR.The proposed model estimates the approximate time when the disease is at its peak and the approximate time when death cases rarely occur and calculate how much hospital beds and ICU beds will be needed in the peak days of infection.The SEIHCRD model outperforms the classic ARXmodel and the ARIMA model.RMSE,MAPE,andRsquaredmatrices are used to evaluate results and are graphically represented using Taylor and Target diagrams.The result shows RMSE has improved by 56%–74%,and MAPE has a 53%–89%improvement in prediction accuracy.

Investigation of Automatic Speech Recognition Systems via the Multilingual Deep Neural Network Modeling Methods for a Very Low-Resource Language, Chaha

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is vital for very low-resource languages for mitigating the extinction trouble. Chaha is one of the low-resource languages, which suffers from the problem of resource insufficiency and some of its phonological, morphological, and orthographic features challenge the development and initiatives in the area of ASR. By considering these challenges, this study is the first endeavor, which analyzed the characteristics of the language, prepared speech corpus, and developed different ASR systems. A small 3-hour read speech corpus was prepared and transcribed. Different basic and rounded phone unit-based speech recognizers were explored using multilingual deep neural network (DNN) modeling methods. The experimental results demonstrated that all the basic phone and rounded phone unit-based multilingual models outperformed the corresponding unilingual models with the relative performance improvements of 5.47% to 19.87% and 5.74% to 16.77%, respectively. The rounded phone unit-based multilingual models outperformed the equivalent basic phone unit-based models with relative performance improvements of 0.95% to 4.98%. Overall, we discovered that multilingual DNN modeling methods are profoundly effective to develop Chaha speech recognizers. Both the basic and rounded phone acoustic units are convenient to build Chaha ASR system. However, the rounded phone unit-based models are superior in performance and faster in recognition speed over the corresponding basic phone unit-based models. Hence, the rounded phone units are the most suitable acoustic units to develop Chaha ASR systems.

美国国际基础教育援助的“整体治理”机制与行动反思

国际基础教育援助是提升全球公民基本能力素养的多方协作行动,也是世界主要国家参与全球教育治理与发挥国际影响力的重要路径。基于整体性治理的理论视角,美国国际基础教育援助自20世纪60年代以来,经历了统一政府行动的初步建制、行动“碎片化”的困境显现及推动整体性治理的深化变革三个发展阶段。美国国际基础教育援助从四个方面构建整体性治理机制,分别为内部协同的协调机制、汇聚各方资源的整合机制、目标导向的责任机制及提供决策支撑的信息机制。美国国际基础教育援助的整体性治理机制在促进受援国基础教育发展、构建美国国家安全体系和保证各方利益三方面取得重要实效,但也面临着人道主义目标导向受阻、成本与效益失衡及实地数据收集受限的现实挑战。

Spatial Narrative and The Kite Runner

This article analyzes The Kite Runner with the help of spactial narrative. The novel will be analyzed from three angles—the function of spatial narrative, the basic unit of spatial narrative, the periphery of spatial narrative and the overall effect presented in the novel by using these narrative techniques.

建设共同富裕现代化基本单元的先行探索——永康市“未来乡村”实践与经验启示

“未来乡村”是共同富裕现代化基本单元,是共同富裕的题中之意。在全面推进乡村振兴、扎实推动共同富裕背景下,浙江省永康市积极探索“未来乡村”建设模式,产生“园周”“秀岩”和“雅庄”等实践探索先行经验。以“未来乡村”促进共同富裕,要整合多元利益形成共建合力,复兴乡村文化强化感情归属,实施“四治融合”提升治理绩效,同时应避免千篇一律、单村独干和大拆大建,要注重因地制宜、协同发展和有机更新。

用True BASIC与dBASE Ⅲ联合开发管理软件的研究与实现

文章简要介绍了软件复用技术与多语言联合开发软件技术,阐述了用BASIC与dBASEⅢ联合开发管理软件时的调用与数据传递技术及其问题,讨论了True BASIC直接操纵管理(读结构、查找、读记录、追加、插入、修改、删除)dBASEⅢ数据库文件的方法、技巧与程序,指出这种技术与True BASIC自动转换并复用BASIC程序、“汇集”True BASIC程序在DOS下直接执行的·exe文件等,为用True BASIC与dBASEⅢ方便地开发管理软件铺平了道路。

Collapse-type shrinkage characteristics in plantation-grown eucalypts： I . Correlations of basic density and some structural indices with shrinkage and collapse properties

Collapse-type shrinkage is one of highly refractory drying defects inlow-medium density plantation-grown eucalypt wood used as solid wood products. Basic density (BD),microfibril angle (MFA), double fibre cell wall thickness (DWT), proportion of ray parenchyma (RP),unit cell wall shrinkage, total shrinkage and residual collapse, which are associated withcollapse-type shrinkage characteristics, were investigated by using simple regression method forthree species of collapse-susceptible Eucalyptus urophyll,, E. grandis and E. urophyllaxE.grandis,planted at Dong-Men Forest Farm in Guangxi autonomous region, China. The results indicated that:unit cell wall shrinkage had a extremely strong positive correlation with BD, moderately strongpositive correlation with DWT, and a weakly or moderately negative correlation with RP and MFA;total shrinkage was positively correlated with BD, DWT and RP and negatively related to MFA, but notable to be predicted ideally by any examined factors alone owing to lower R^2 value (R^2≤0.5712);residual collapse was negatively correlated with BD and DWT, linearly positively correlated withMFA, and had strongly positive linear correlation with RP. It is concluded that BD can be used assingle factor (R^2≥ 0.9412) to predicate unit cell wall shrinkage and RP is the relatively soundindicator for predicting residual collapse

基于AutoCAD的地形图线状符号的设计与实现

在AutoCAD的标准线型文件中没有国家标准地形图图式符号中规定的相应的线型符号,这就要求设计制作这些特殊的线型。分析了线状符号的基本单元,并将线状符号看成是重复图案有机组合而成,采用分单元叠加组合的方式绘制。并介绍了在AutoCAD环境下利用AutoLisp语言实现对地形图中线状符号的自动生成。实践证明,该符号系统的开发能解决生产中的实际问题。

基于Visual Basic 6.0的富水性评价

钻孔单位涌水量是评价含水层富水性的重要指标,新的《煤矿防治水规定》中给出了单位涌水量具体的标准计算方法,但计算过程极为繁琐。本文应用Visual Basic 6.0进行编程,将钻孔单位涌水量复杂的计算过程智能化,既减轻了工作负担,又避免了人工计算所带来的偏差。

Analysis of Yield Components of Japonica Rice Tong Jing 981 under Different Density and Fertilization Conditions

The yield and yield components of Japonica variety Tongjing 981 under different density and fertilization levels were studied through regression and correlation and path analysis. The results showed that the number of panicles per unit area, number of filled grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight all had very significant yield increasing effects, and the number of panicles per unit area played a leading role. However, the yield increasing effects of the number of panicles per unit area and number of filled grains per panicle are equally important when the basic seedlings are more or the N fertilizer application rate is large. In practical production, a major factor should be determined among the yield components, and rational cultivation measures should be taken accordingly, to improve yield.

Optical transmission through basic-structural-unit superlattices

In this paper, by the transparent-component-decimation （TCD） method we obtain three kinds of new basic- components （BCs） through simplifying and decomposing the BCs of three-component Thue-Morse （3CTM） sequence. Based on these new BCs we propose a type of basic-structural-units （BSUs） and investigate the optical transmission of the one-dimensional （1D） superlattices composed of these BSUs. It is found that if the substrates of the 1D BSU superlattices are certain, the optical transmission at the central wavelength （CW） will be determined completely by the number and the type of BSUs and has nothing to do with the marshalling sequence. In particular, if the substrates are identical, the numbers of different types of BSUs are all the same and the middle two elements of BSUs constitute a cycle, then no matter whether the system is periodic, or quasiperiodic, or aperiodic, or unordered, or even random, it will be transparent at the CW. The conclusion is confirmed by the numerical results. Similar to the even layers of neighbourhood identical elements in TCD method, such a kind of optical BSU subsystem can also be decimated from the chain in the process of transmission investigation. There would be a potential application in the designing of some interesting optical devices.

满约束轴向拼接张拉整体结构的自稳定性分析

为获得更多张拉整体构型和拓扑结构,本文基于平衡方程,研究张拉整体拼接结构自稳定条件下的结构参数关系的求取方法。基于三杆张拉整体单元轴向拼接形成的臂状张拉整体结构,以减少结构节点约束数为目的去除索构件,获得一种新型满约束轴向拼接张拉整体结构;分析此结构的节点坐标、构件向量的求取方法,推导结构的平衡方程;依据节点和构件之间的连接关系,以获得方阵形式的平衡矩阵为目标,提出了平衡方程缩减原则;根据平衡方程有非零解,平衡矩阵行列式为零的原则,获得保证张拉整体结构自稳定的结构参数关系。通过具体实例分析,证明此方法正确,获得的结构参数关系能够保证确定的满约束轴向拼接张拉整体结构的自稳定性。

量子测量技术内涵与发展

量子时代以研究量子基本特性为重点,以应用量子基本特性为手段,实现量子通信、量子测量、量子计算等功能,这将对世界科技、经济、政治、社会治理等产生深远而重大的影响。该文通过分析量子测量技术发展过程、量子测量基本技术内涵、量子测量本质特征以及主要技术特点等,提出未来量子测试的发展趋势以及量子测量的重要应用场景,供社会各界参考。

基于天窗基本单元的编组站天窗方案优化研究

编组站接发列车方向多、数量大,机车换挂和调车作业频繁,直接影响施工维修作业。既有固定天窗时长的天窗方案,难以兼顾维修施工作业和运输工作连续性需求,导致天窗兑现率低,增加安全隐患,研究提出基于天窗基本单元的编组站天窗方案优化方法。根据各维修养护工种作业特性、编组站工作人员数量及效率等因素,划分天窗基本单元;考虑编组站维修养护与运输组织需求,以效用、作业完成率和天窗阈值利用率最优为目标,以时序关系为约束,建立基于阈值的天窗方案多目标优化模型,并利用数学软件进行求解;以成都北编组站为例,验证模型的有效性,结果表明,通过合理优化天窗方案,天窗兑现率达100%,有助于缓解编组站维修与运输之间的冲突。