Geometry effect on water-evaporation-induced voltage in porous carbon black film

Water-evaporation-induced electricity generation shows great application prospect due to the volt-level voltage induced by natural water evaporation in ambient environment.Increasing investigations have been conducted on water-evaporation-induced electricity in different materials,surface treatments,working mechanisms and wide ranges of practical applications.However,to further enhance the electricity output remains a great challenge.In this study,we fabricated porous carbon black films with isosceles trapezoid shapes to generate water-evaporation-induced electricity,in contrast with the widely used rectangle samples.We found that an isosceles trapezoid film produces two different voltages by inversing the film,because of different flow rates and capillary heights after inversion.The ratio of these voltages varies with the length of longer base when lengths of shorter base and heights are fixed,and the maximum ratio can reach 1.77:1 in our study.This work shows the importance of geometry design in improving the output voltage.

Electromagnetic interference shielding Ti3C2Tx-bonded carbon black films with enhanced absorption performance

The demand for flexible and freestanding electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials are more and more urgent to combat with serious electromagnetic(EM)radiation pollution.Twodimensional Ti3C2Tx is considered as promising EMI shielding material to graphenes because of the low cost and high electrical conductivity.However,the shielding performance still needs to be optimized to decrease the reflection effectiveness(SER)and increase absorption effectiveness(SEA).Herein,we prepared Ti3C2Tx-bonded carbon black films with a porous structure.The SER decreased from 20 dB to12 dB and the SEA increased from 31 dB to 47 dB.The best EMI shielding effectiveness can be as high as60 dB with SEA of 15 dB and SER of45 dB.Their calculated specific shielding effectiveness can be as high as8718 dB cm^2/g.These results indicate that the porous structure can enhance the absorption of the EMI shielding films,resulting from the enhanced scattering and reflectio n.Conseque ntly,this work provides a promising MXene-based EMI shielding film with lightweight and flexibility.

The effects of radio frequency atmospheric pressure plasma and thermal treatment on the hydrogenation of TiO_(2) thin film

The effects of radio frequency(RF)atmospheric pressure(AP)He/H_(2)plasma and thermal treatment on the hydrogenation of TiO_(2)thin films were investigated and compared in this work.The color of the original TiO_(2)film changes from white to black after being hydrogenated in He/H_(2)plasma at160 W(gas temperature~381℃)within 5 min,while the color of the thermally treated TiO_(2)film did not change significantly even in pure H_(2)or He/H_(2)atmosphere with higher temperature(470℃)and longer time(30 min).This indicated that a more effective hydrogenation reaction happened through RF AP He/H_(2)plasma treatment than through pure H_(2)or He/H_(2)thermal treatment.The color change of TiO_(2)film was measured based on the Commission Internationale d’Eclairage L*a*b*color space system.Hydrogenated TiO_(2)film displayed improved visible light absorption with increased plasma power.The morphology of the cauliflower-like nanoparticles of the TiO_(2)film surface remained unchanged after plasma processing.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the contents of Ti3+species and Ti-OH bonds in the plasma-hydrogenated black TiO_(2)increased compared with those in the thermally treated TiO_(2).X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns and Raman spectra indicated that plasma would destroy the crystal structure of the TiO_(2)surface layer,while thermal annealing would increase the overall crystallinity.The different trends of XRD and Raman spectra results suggested that plasma modification on the TiO_(2)surface layer is more drastic than on its inner layer,which was also consistent with transmission electron microscopy results.Optical emission spectra results suggest that numerous active species were generated during RF AP He/H_(2)plasma processing,while there were no peaks detected from thermal processing.A possible mechanism for the TiO_(2)hydrogenation process by plasma has been proposed.Numerous active species were generated in the bulk plasma region,accelerated in the sheath region,and bumped toward the TiO_(2)film,which will react with the TiO_(2)surface to form OVs and disordered layers.This leads to the tailoring of the band gap of black TiO_(2)and causes its light absorption to extend into the visible region.

The Political Messages Embodied in Marvel’s Film Black Panther

Black Panther is the first superhero film in Marvel’s history that is directed and acted predominantly by African-American artists.The complementary academic review,high box office and audience rating are highly attributed to the political elements embodied in the movie.A breakthrough is achieved in the conventional cinematic image of the African-American man through the creation of a black hero playing the role of world savior.It also presents a prosperous and advanced image of Africa,fulfilling and expanding the African-American people’s imagination of their spiritual home.Moreover,in responding to the Black Panther movement in black history,the film implicitly explores three possible routes of struggle for the black ethnic group and conveys a political message to the audience.

＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ --Film, Unionism, and Working Class Community Formation in Detroit, 1933-1939

Ever since Lawrence Goodwyn published The Populist Moment, social historians have been keenly aware of the power culture represents when it comes to resistance. Historically, ＂movement culture＂ has been used to create a collective climate and offered political activists a springboard to discuss with the masses the benefits of joining a social movement. ＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ uses the cultural outlet of film and the labor movement in the city of Detroit as analytical tools to examine working class community resistance throughout the 1930s. In the midst of the ＂golden age of film＂ community activists and union organizers--some of whom were well-known radicals and some of whom were mainstream unionists--used the institution of cinema to instill a level of class consciousness in the masses and mobilize the working class community against exploitation of employers, reactionary politicians, and white supremacist organizations. Movie-going had been a very popular form of recreation in Detroit since the 1920s and downtown theatres increasingly became the destination of an eclectic array of workers. Movie theaters themselves were bastions of community activity around the thirties and many were located in the heart of the city＇s working class district. Yet it was the films themselves that offered community activists and unionists a chance to converse with workers regarding the socio-economic matters of the day. Hollywood released a good number of films that dealt with working class issues and provided activists with ample opportunities to ＂instruct＂ the audience and carry on the discussion into the factory or union halls. ＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ relies on a combination of oral histories, movie reviews, film clips, and union and/or working class organizational records to illuminate how activists in Detroit＇s working class community used film as an outlet to inspire working class resistance. In sum, film provided an accessible form of entertainment that proved to be effective on two fronts： It promoted increased group cooperation, friendship, and alliances while it also fostered a shared culture, making it easier for activists to organize workers in the coming struggles for unionism.

论影游融合视域下的《黑神话:悟空》现象

《黑神话:悟空》作为一款国产3A游戏,不仅是一部成功的游戏,而且已经成为一个综合了多种传统艺术与新媒介艺术,超越传统文化与现代文明,跨越游戏、网络、电影、文旅等媒介或产业的重要文化现象。其成功可置于影游融合的新美学定位与文化产业格局中去理解和阐释。影游融合是人工智能时代“想象力消费”的重要表征,也是电影工业美学“接着讲”的绝佳案例。《黑神话:悟空》是典型的电影化的游戏,体现了“影游融合”新美学、新思维和新产业的新高度。“影游融合”研究与《黑神话:悟空》的技术、美学和产业实践,对中国文化产业的发展具有重要的推动意义,有望拓展电影产业发展,进而推动包括电影、剧集、游戏、动漫等在内的文化产业的整体性、整合性发展。

再生木质素粒子增强纤维素透明膜的性能研究

本研究以硫酸盐制浆黑液为原料,通过钙离子螯合的方式提取粗制木质素,利用乙醇-水反溶剂法溶解再生以获得高纯度的木质素粒子。呈现细小均匀的颗粒形态并稳定悬浮在水中的再生木质素粒子能够与纤维素形成强氢键结合,并形成致密均匀的复合透明薄膜。木质素-纤维素复合膜(木质素添加量10%)的抗拉强度达105.77 MPa,相比于纯纤维素膜提高了27.6%;伸长率增幅67.6%。在光学方面,木质素-纤维素膜(木质素添加量5%)的可见光透过率可达87.9%。

Agronomic performances of biodegradable and non-biodegradable plastic film mulching on a maize cropping system in the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China

Biodegradable plastic film mulch (PFM) is considered an alternative to non-biodegradable PFM to mitigate the negative impacts of residual film.However,the agronomic performance of biodegradable PFM in comparison to non-biodegradable PFM still needs to be tested.In this study,we evaluated the effects of biodegradable and non-biodegradable PFM on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,and enzyme activities,as well as maize growth performance.Biodegradable and non-biodegradable PFM both increased soil temperature,water content,N content,and microbial biomass and maize yield by up to 30%,but decreased soil enzyme activities as compared to no mulching (control,CK).Most soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,and enzyme activities were similar under non-biodegradable and biodegradable PFM at the early stages of maize growth.However,at the late stages,soil temperature,water content,mineral N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity,and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) decreased under biodegradable PFM owing to film fragmentation.White PFM increased soil temperature,water content,and total PLFAs at the early stages of maize growth but decreased soil mineral N and total PLFAs at the late stages,as compared to black PFM.As soil temperature and N availability were the major factors affecting soil microbial community,microbial activity decreased after the fragmentation of biodegradable PFM,owing to the decreased soil temperature,water content,and mineral N.Notably,biodegradable PFM could decrease NO_(3)^(-)-N accumulation in topsoil by decreasing N transformation due to the lower microbial and N-related enzyme (e.g.,AMO) activities,compared with non-biodegradable PFM,which may avoid negative environmental impacts,such as NO_(3)^(-)-N leaching or gas emission after harvest.Maize yield,height,aboveground biomass,and N uptake under biodegradable PFM were similar to those under non-biodegradable PFM during maize growth,implying that biodegradable PFM has no negative impact on crop growth and yield.In general,biodegradable PFM was equivalent to non-biodegradable PFM in terms of maize yield increase and N uptake,but was environmentally friendly.Therefore,biodegradable PFM can be used as an alternative to non-biodegradable PFM in semi-arid areas for sustainable agricultural practices.

复方石榴皮药膜对金黄地鼠皮脂腺斑形态学及雄激素受体表达的影响

目的:观察复方石榴皮药膜对金黄地鼠皮脂腺斑大小、组织形态及雄激素受体的影响,探讨其在痤疮治疗中的作用机制。方法:将15只天生具有雄激素依赖性的雄性金黄地鼠随机分为空白组、阳性对照组、药膜组,每组5只。分别于两侧皮脂腺斑处涂抹蒸馏水、0.025%维A酸乳膏、复方石榴皮药膜,连续给药28 d,于第0、14、28天测量金黄地鼠双侧皮脂腺斑面积大小并取部分皮脂腺斑行组织病理检测,免疫组织化学检查雄激素受体(AR)表达水平。结果:药膜组给药第14、28天分别与给药前比较,皮脂腺斑面积减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阳性对照组给药第28天与给药第14天比较,皮脂腺斑面积减小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。给药第28天,药膜组与阳性对照组皮脂腺斑面积大小比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。给药第28天,与空白组比较,药膜组、阳性对照组皮脂腺斑厚度减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);药膜组、阳性对照组皮脂腺斑AR表达减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:复方石榴皮药膜可减小金黄地鼠痤疮模型皮脂腺斑面积、减轻皮脂腺斑厚度,其作用机理可能与抑制雄激素受体表达有关。

螺旋炭黑填充形状记忆水性聚氨酯材料的制备及性能研究

采用聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL1000)与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)制备水性聚氨酯乳液,球磨分散氧化螺旋炭黑,制备形状记忆聚氨酯,表征并测试其形貌特征、热学、电学、力学及形状记忆性能。结果表明:填充炭黑与聚氨酯链段存在氢键作用;炭黑填充不改变薄膜的晶型结构和表面亲疏水性,但热稳定性和导电性均有增强;炭黑最佳填充量为0.8%,在实验范围内,薄膜内炭黑含量增加,玻璃化转变温度升高约9℃,拉伸强度减小约14MPa、断裂伸长率增大到523.2%,但炭黑含量过多则发生团聚。填充薄膜的形状固定率约99%,形状回复率约70%,有良好的形状记忆性能。

无铬耐指纹热镀铝锌钢板黑斑缺陷研究

采用ZEISS Merlin Compact场发射扫描电镜、OXFORD X-max N型能谱仪、激光共聚焦显微镜等分析技术对无铬耐指纹热镀铝锌钢板黑斑缺陷进行了原因分析并提出了改进措施。结果表明:黑斑缺陷主要是由于镀层厚度凹凸不平致使钝化膜分布不均匀,镀层薄的部位钝化膜厚,镀层厚的部位钝化膜薄,钢卷在运输过程中钢板层与层之间相互摩擦致使钝化膜破损甚至脱落,导致钢板表面反射率不同,从而产生黑斑缺陷。

壳聚糖-沸石杂化膜的制备及其对酸性黑10B的吸附研究

通过制备壳聚糖-沸石杂化膜,研究了其对酸性黑10B的吸附脱色效果,考察pH、酸性黑10B初始浓度、温度和干扰离子强度对脱色效果的影响。实验表明:溶液pH为4.3时杂化膜吸附效果最佳,最大吸附容量为2 124.669 mg·g^(-1);一定范围内,酸性黑10B初始浓度上升有利于吸附,而当杂化膜达到吸附饱和时,初始浓度对平衡吸附量的影响趋于稳定;升高温度有利于吸附进行但影响较小;干扰离子的引入对吸附过程有明显的抑制作用,但不同强度所导致的差异较小。Langmuir吸附等温线拟合和热力学参数计算结果表明:杂化膜对酸性黑10B的吸附主要是单分子层的化学吸附,吸附过程为自发吸热;紫外-可见光及FTIR表征分析则进一步验证了杂化膜对酸性黑10B以化学吸附为主,同时具有一定的静电吸附作用。

热镀铝锌板黑线缺陷原因分析

为了查找薄规格热镀铝锌板黑线缺陷产生原因,采用ZEISS Merlin Compact场发射扫描电镜及其附带的OXFORD X-max N型能谱仪等分析技术对热镀铝锌钢板黑线缺陷表面、截面以及腐蚀去掉镀层后的钢铁基板表面进行了微观形貌观察和化学成分分析。结果表明:热镀铝锌钢板上表面黑线缺陷是由于钢铁基板划伤致使钝化膜较厚所致;热镀铝锌钢板下表面黑线缺陷是由于下表面镀层发生凹陷微变形致使钝化膜较厚所致。热镀铝锌钢板表面划伤以及镀层凹陷造成与周围其他位置对光的反射不同,形成了视觉上的黑线缺陷。

薄膜高覆盖率黑色环氧阴极电泳涂料的研制

研制了一种电泳涂膜膜厚在3~5μm内依然赋予被涂物优异覆盖率的黑色环氧阴极电泳涂料;探究了黑色环氧阴极电泳涂料用叔锍型分散树脂的合成和该黑色浆的制备;分析了黑浆制备过程中的不同影响因素。结果表明:该黑色环氧阴极电泳涂料涂膜厚度3~5μm依然赋予被涂物优异的覆盖率,电泳涂层不发黄和不透底仍保持良好的外观。

秋马铃薯黑膜覆盖栽培试验研究

为探索威海地区秋马铃薯栽培新模式,威海市农业科学院进行了秋马铃薯黑膜覆盖栽培试验。试验结果表明,黑膜覆盖栽培模式从根本上解决了秋马铃薯播种期因夏秋多雨、田间机械作业困难而延误播种期的问题,还可有效预防田间杂草,改善产品质量,减轻晚疫病发生,增产效果显著。

英国喜剧中黑色幽默风格配乐初探——以英国“伊灵喜剧”电影时期(1947-1958)配乐为例

“伊灵喜剧”电影音乐因其特定历史环境和特有的英式幽默风格在世界喜剧电影音乐中独树一帜。英国喜剧能作为广受世界观众喜爱的影片类型,与电影音乐不无关系,仅从“伊灵喜剧”配乐中就可见一斑。其配乐风格不落窠臼,技术性与艺术性并存,产业化与个性化兼有,与好莱坞喜剧片音乐对比鲜明。本文将探讨“伊灵喜剧”配乐中的黑色幽默,从黑色幽默风格音乐和其背后蕴含的现实主义色彩两方面入手,将之放在时间的横向轴与空间的纵向轴中,列举些许片例进行研究;与不同时期、不同年代英国喜剧电影音乐进行对比;与不同国家喜剧电影音乐进行对比,体会“伊灵喜剧”电影音乐表现出的独特味道。

汽车PVC胶开裂问题的根源分析与解决方案

针对一起少见的汽车用PVC粗密封胶开裂的案例,介绍了缺陷排查的全过程、粗密封胶开裂缺陷的根本原因和解决方案。通过从人、机、料、法、环境等方面的测试和检测,以排查和确定缺陷形成的真正原因,结果表明,开裂缺陷是由于员工在进行黑顶遮蔽过程中使用辅具压紧分界线胶带时划伤PVC胶上边缘后造成的开裂。随着后续遮蔽工艺和涂胶高度的改进,以及一系列行之有效的长效管理措施的实施,彻底消除了PVC胶开裂的缺陷。

Discussion of Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger Dilaton Black Hole Entropy

We discuss the entropy of the Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger dilaton black hole by using the thin film brick-wall model, and the entropy obtained is proportional to the horizon area of the black hole confirming the Bekenstein-Hawking＇s area-entropy formula. Then, by comparing with the original brick-wall method, we find that the result obtained by the thin film method is more reasonable avoiding some drawbacks, such as little mass approximation, neglecting logarithm term, and taking the term L^3 as a contribution of the vacuum surrounding the black hole, and the physical meaning of the entropy is more clearer.

Effects of film-stalk spaced dual mulching system on corn growth and yield

Film-stalk spaced dual mulching is a new type of cultivation measure that is increasingly highlighted in semi-arid areas in China.Despite its potential,there is limited understanding of how different mulching materials affect both soil quality and crop yield in these areas.To address this gap,we conducted a two-year(2020-2021)field experiment in central China to explore the yield-enhancing mechanisms and assess the impact of various mulching materials on soil and corn yield.The experiment comprised six treatments,i.e.,plastic film-whole stalk spaced mulching in fall(PSF),plastic film-whole stalk spaced mulching in spring(PSS),black and silver plastic film-whole stalk spaced mulching in spring(BPSS),biodegradable film-whole stalk spaced mulching in spring(BSS),liquid film-whole stalk spaced mulching in spring(LSS),and non-mulching cultivation(CK).Results revealed that BPSS demonstrated the most significant yield increase,surpassing CK by a notable 10.0%and other mulching treatments by 2.4%-5.9%.The efficacy of BPSS lied in its provision of favorable hydrothermal conditions for corn cultivation,particularly during hot season.Its cooling effect facilitated the establishment of optimal temperature conditions relative to transparent mulching,leading to higher root growth indices(e.g.,length and surface area),as well as higher leaf photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation per plant.Additionally,BPSS maintained higher average soil moisture content within 0-100 cm depth compared with biodegradable mulching and liquid mulching.As a result,BPSS increased activities of urease,catalase,and alkaline phosphatase,as well as the diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere zone of corn,facilitating nutrient accessibility by the plant.These findings suggest that selecting appropriate mulching materials is crucial for optimizing corn production in drought-prone areas,highlighting the potential of BPSS cultivation.

The generalized Stefan-Boltzmann law of a rectilinear non-uniformly accelerating Kinnersley black hole

Using entropy density of Dirac field near the event horizon of a rectilinear non-uniformly accelerating Kinnersley black hole, the law for the thermal radiation of black hole is studied and the instantaneous radiation energy density is obtained. It is found that the instantaneous radiation energy density of a black hole is always proportional to the quartic of the temperature on event horizon in the same direction. That is to say, the thermal radiation of a black hole always satisfies the generalized Stefan-Boltzmann law. In addition, the derived generalized Stefan Boltzmann coefficient is no longer a constant, but a dynamic coefficient related to the space-time metric near the event horizon and the changing rate of the event horizon in black holes.