肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一,具有极高的发病率及死亡率,严重威胁了人类的生命健康安全[1]。目前肺癌的治疗方法主要有手术、放化疗、靶向及免疫治疗,随着精准医疗的兴盛,一定程度改善了肺癌患者的生活质量,但癌症复发和药物耐药...肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一,具有极高的发病率及死亡率,严重威胁了人类的生命健康安全[1]。目前肺癌的治疗方法主要有手术、放化疗、靶向及免疫治疗,随着精准医疗的兴盛,一定程度改善了肺癌患者的生活质量,但癌症复发和药物耐药性仍是肺癌死亡率高的原因,其预后不尽如意[2]。环状RNA(CircRNAs)是具有保守、稳定性的一类非编码单链RNA分子[3]。大量的研究表明,CircRNAs在高迁移率族蛋白(high mobility group protein,HMG)家族成员中调节不同的信号通路,在肺癌等多种疾病中发挥关键作用。CircRNAs异常高或低表达可激活或抑制HMG蛋白分子,调节不同生物学过程[4]。随着下一代基因测序技术(next-generation sequencing,NGS)的探索,CircRNAs成为RNA领域肿瘤抑制靶点的研究新热点,为生物医药领域开拓了全新思路,然而其在肺癌中的病理生理机制尚未系统阐明。本文通过总结HMG蛋白家族成员相关CircRNAs在肺癌中的分子作用机制的研究进展,有助于为以CircRNAs为基础的作用靶点及新型抗癌药物的研发提供指导思路,提出潜在有效的治疗策略。展开更多
BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT)is an extremely rare malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm commonly presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding,abdominal pain,and increased human chorionic gonadotr...BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT)is an extremely rare malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm commonly presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding,abdominal pain,and increased human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG).This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old female was referred to the Ningbo Maternal and Child Hospital of China in December 2022,complaining of increased hCG levels for 1 month.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed gestational trophoblastic tumor,and hysteroscopic electrotomy and curettage of intrauterine hyperplasia were performed.The patient was diagnosed with uterine ETT through postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemical results.Total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed,and hCG levels returned to normal.The patient was without recurrence during the postoperative 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG,highlighting that ETT should be considered in the presence of abnormal hCG.A total laparoscopic hysterectomy is recommended.展开更多
在糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)的全基因组中鉴定出14个高速泳动蛋白(high-mobility group box,HMG-box)的编码基因(PoHMG1~PoHMG14),对其进行特征、结构与系统进化分析,发现所有的HMGbox转录因子蛋白的三级结构高度相似,相对分子质量...在糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)的全基因组中鉴定出14个高速泳动蛋白(high-mobility group box,HMG-box)的编码基因(PoHMG1~PoHMG14),对其进行特征、结构与系统进化分析,发现所有的HMGbox转录因子蛋白的三级结构高度相似,相对分子质量为6893.79~60397.29,蛋白PoHMG6、PoHMG11、PoHMG12与PoHMG13之间的亲缘关系较近。基于糙皮侧耳在菌丝、原基、幼嫩子实体和成熟子实体时期的转录组数据,对筛选到的转录因子基因PoHMG11进行克隆分析并探究其功能及表达特性,发现该基因全长序列1517 bp,编码489个氨基酸,含有一个HMG-box结构域。通过大肠杆菌原核表达载体体外诱导表达出相对分子质量为5.5×104的蛋白,该重组蛋白在1 mol·L^(-1)IPTG、25℃诱导表达6 h时表达量最高。利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析糙皮侧耳在菌丝、原基、幼嫩子实体和成熟子实体阶段PoHMG11基因的相对表达量,发现该基因在成熟糙皮侧耳子实体中的表达量比其他生长发育时期显著升高5倍以上,推测该基因可能参与调控糙皮侧耳子实体成熟过程。展开更多
Reproduction is subtlety regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad(HPG)axis in vertebrates.Pituitary gland is the center of the HPG axis,while pituitary gonadotropins follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizi...Reproduction is subtlety regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad(HPG)axis in vertebrates.Pituitary gland is the center of the HPG axis,while pituitary gonadotropins follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were identified the key elements of the HPG axis in teleost and mammal.Morphology,cell lines,and gonadotropins cell localization of female turbot and mouse pituitary were determined at mature stage to illustrate the anatomical difference and cell characteristics in this study.Results show that turbot pituitary is chicken heart-shaped,dorsoventral,located on the ventral surface of the diencephalon.The mouse pituitary is oval,located in the pituitary fossa of the sella turcica at the skull base.Two well-distinguished areas adenohypophysis(AH)and neurohypophysis(NH)in pituitary were identified in turbot and mouse.Turbot AH comprised the rostral pars distalis(RPD),proximal pars distalis(PPD),and pars intermedia(PI).NH was not pronounced and with finger-like protrusions into PPD.However,mouse AH only comprised the pars distalis(PD)and PI.NH distribution was semicircular.Three main types of cells(acidophilic,basophilic,and chromophobic cells)were distributed in the mouse PD region,whereas appeared in the turbot PPD,RPD,and PI.Moreover,the percentage of mouse chromophobic and basophilic cells was higher and lower than that of turbot,respectively.The diameter of the aforementioned three cells in the mouse was significantly higher than turbot.fshβ-and lhβ-immunoreactive signals were identified in turbot-distinct pituitary cells that primarily occupied the peripheral and central regions of AH.However,mouse fsh-and lh-immunoreactive cells were expressed in the same cells and present in the PD.These results demonstrate the significantly difference of pituitary morphology,cell lines and gonadotropins(fshβand lhβ)location in female turbot and mouse.These differences help for fully understand the evolution and endocrinological functions of pituitary.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prevalence of female infertility between the ages of 25 and 44 is 3.5%to 16.7%in developed countries and 6.9%to 9.3%in developing countries.This means that infertility affects one in six couples and is ...BACKGROUND The prevalence of female infertility between the ages of 25 and 44 is 3.5%to 16.7%in developed countries and 6.9%to 9.3%in developing countries.This means that infertility affects one in six couples and is recognized by the World Health Organization as the fifth most serious global disability.The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology reported that the global total of babies born as a result of assisted reproductive technology procedures and other advanced fertility treatments is more than 8 million.Advancements in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation procedures led to crucial accomplishments in human fertility treatments.The European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology guideline on ovarian stimulation gave us valuable evidence-based recommendations to optimize ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology.Conventional ovarian stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization(IVF)–embryo transfer are based upon the administration of gonadotropins combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)analogues,either GnRH agonists(GnRHa)or antagonists.The development of ovarian cysts requires the combination of GnRHa and gonadotropins for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.However,in rare cases patients may develop an ovarian hyper response after administration of GnRHa alone.CASE SUMMARY Here,two case studies were conducted.In the first case,a 33-year-old female diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome presented for her first IVF cycle at our reproductive center.Fourteen days after triptorelin acetate was administrated(day 18 of her menstrual cycle),bilateral ovaries presented polycystic manifestations.The patient was given 5000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin.Twenty-two oocytes were obtained,and eight embryos formed.Two blastospheres were transferred in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle,and the patient was impregnated.In the second case,a 37-year-old woman presented to the reproductive center for her first donor IVF cycle.Fourteen days after GnRHa administration,the transvaginal ultrasound revealed six follicles measuring 17-26 mm in the bilateral ovaries.The patient was given 10000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin.Three oocytes were obtained,and three embryos formed.Two high-grade embryos were transferred in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle,and the patient was impregnated.CONCLUSION These two special cases provide valuable knowledge through our experience.We hypothesize that oocyte retrieval can be an alternative to cycle cancellation in these conditions.Considering the high progesterone level in most cases of this situation,we advocate freezing embryos after oocyte retrieval rather than fresh embryo transfer.展开更多
文摘肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一,具有极高的发病率及死亡率,严重威胁了人类的生命健康安全[1]。目前肺癌的治疗方法主要有手术、放化疗、靶向及免疫治疗,随着精准医疗的兴盛,一定程度改善了肺癌患者的生活质量,但癌症复发和药物耐药性仍是肺癌死亡率高的原因,其预后不尽如意[2]。环状RNA(CircRNAs)是具有保守、稳定性的一类非编码单链RNA分子[3]。大量的研究表明,CircRNAs在高迁移率族蛋白(high mobility group protein,HMG)家族成员中调节不同的信号通路,在肺癌等多种疾病中发挥关键作用。CircRNAs异常高或低表达可激活或抑制HMG蛋白分子,调节不同生物学过程[4]。随着下一代基因测序技术(next-generation sequencing,NGS)的探索,CircRNAs成为RNA领域肿瘤抑制靶点的研究新热点,为生物医药领域开拓了全新思路,然而其在肺癌中的病理生理机制尚未系统阐明。本文通过总结HMG蛋白家族成员相关CircRNAs在肺癌中的分子作用机制的研究进展,有助于为以CircRNAs为基础的作用靶点及新型抗癌药物的研发提供指导思路,提出潜在有效的治疗策略。
文摘BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT)is an extremely rare malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm commonly presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding,abdominal pain,and increased human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG).This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old female was referred to the Ningbo Maternal and Child Hospital of China in December 2022,complaining of increased hCG levels for 1 month.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed gestational trophoblastic tumor,and hysteroscopic electrotomy and curettage of intrauterine hyperplasia were performed.The patient was diagnosed with uterine ETT through postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemical results.Total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed,and hCG levels returned to normal.The patient was without recurrence during the postoperative 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG,highlighting that ETT should be considered in the presence of abnormal hCG.A total laparoscopic hysterectomy is recommended.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972811)the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Public Research Institutes(No.2020T51)。
文摘Reproduction is subtlety regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad(HPG)axis in vertebrates.Pituitary gland is the center of the HPG axis,while pituitary gonadotropins follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were identified the key elements of the HPG axis in teleost and mammal.Morphology,cell lines,and gonadotropins cell localization of female turbot and mouse pituitary were determined at mature stage to illustrate the anatomical difference and cell characteristics in this study.Results show that turbot pituitary is chicken heart-shaped,dorsoventral,located on the ventral surface of the diencephalon.The mouse pituitary is oval,located in the pituitary fossa of the sella turcica at the skull base.Two well-distinguished areas adenohypophysis(AH)and neurohypophysis(NH)in pituitary were identified in turbot and mouse.Turbot AH comprised the rostral pars distalis(RPD),proximal pars distalis(PPD),and pars intermedia(PI).NH was not pronounced and with finger-like protrusions into PPD.However,mouse AH only comprised the pars distalis(PD)and PI.NH distribution was semicircular.Three main types of cells(acidophilic,basophilic,and chromophobic cells)were distributed in the mouse PD region,whereas appeared in the turbot PPD,RPD,and PI.Moreover,the percentage of mouse chromophobic and basophilic cells was higher and lower than that of turbot,respectively.The diameter of the aforementioned three cells in the mouse was significantly higher than turbot.fshβ-and lhβ-immunoreactive signals were identified in turbot-distinct pituitary cells that primarily occupied the peripheral and central regions of AH.However,mouse fsh-and lh-immunoreactive cells were expressed in the same cells and present in the PD.These results demonstrate the significantly difference of pituitary morphology,cell lines and gonadotropins(fshβand lhβ)location in female turbot and mouse.These differences help for fully understand the evolution and endocrinological functions of pituitary.
文摘BACKGROUND The prevalence of female infertility between the ages of 25 and 44 is 3.5%to 16.7%in developed countries and 6.9%to 9.3%in developing countries.This means that infertility affects one in six couples and is recognized by the World Health Organization as the fifth most serious global disability.The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology reported that the global total of babies born as a result of assisted reproductive technology procedures and other advanced fertility treatments is more than 8 million.Advancements in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation procedures led to crucial accomplishments in human fertility treatments.The European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology guideline on ovarian stimulation gave us valuable evidence-based recommendations to optimize ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology.Conventional ovarian stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization(IVF)–embryo transfer are based upon the administration of gonadotropins combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)analogues,either GnRH agonists(GnRHa)or antagonists.The development of ovarian cysts requires the combination of GnRHa and gonadotropins for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.However,in rare cases patients may develop an ovarian hyper response after administration of GnRHa alone.CASE SUMMARY Here,two case studies were conducted.In the first case,a 33-year-old female diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome presented for her first IVF cycle at our reproductive center.Fourteen days after triptorelin acetate was administrated(day 18 of her menstrual cycle),bilateral ovaries presented polycystic manifestations.The patient was given 5000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin.Twenty-two oocytes were obtained,and eight embryos formed.Two blastospheres were transferred in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle,and the patient was impregnated.In the second case,a 37-year-old woman presented to the reproductive center for her first donor IVF cycle.Fourteen days after GnRHa administration,the transvaginal ultrasound revealed six follicles measuring 17-26 mm in the bilateral ovaries.The patient was given 10000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin.Three oocytes were obtained,and three embryos formed.Two high-grade embryos were transferred in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle,and the patient was impregnated.CONCLUSION These two special cases provide valuable knowledge through our experience.We hypothesize that oocyte retrieval can be an alternative to cycle cancellation in these conditions.Considering the high progesterone level in most cases of this situation,we advocate freezing embryos after oocyte retrieval rather than fresh embryo transfer.
