In the realm of public goods game,punishment,as a potent tool,stands out for fostering cooperation.While it effectively addresses the first-order free-rider problem,the associated costs can be substantial.Punishers in...In the realm of public goods game,punishment,as a potent tool,stands out for fostering cooperation.While it effectively addresses the first-order free-rider problem,the associated costs can be substantial.Punishers incur expenses in imposing sanctions,while defectors face fines.Unfortunately,these monetary elements seemingly vanish into thin air,representing a loss to the system itself.However,by virtue of the redistribution of fines to cooperators and punishers,not only can we mitigate this loss,but the rewards for these cooperative individuals can be enhanced.Based upon this premise,this paper introduces a fine distribution mechanism to the traditional pool punishment model.Under identical parameter settings,by conducting a comparative experiment with the conventional punishment model,the paper aims to investigate the impact of fine distribution on the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game.The experimental results clearly demonstrate that,in instances where the punishment cost is prohibitively high,the cooperative strategies of the traditional pool punishment model may completely collapse.However,the model enriched with fine distribution manages to sustain a considerable number of cooperative strategies,thus highlighting its effectiveness in promoting and preserving cooperation,even in the face of substantial punishment cost.展开更多
This paper studies the evolutionary process of cooperative behavior in a public goods game model with heterogeneous investment strategies in square lattices.In the proposed model,players are divided into defectors,coo...This paper studies the evolutionary process of cooperative behavior in a public goods game model with heterogeneous investment strategies in square lattices.In the proposed model,players are divided into defectors,cooperators and discreet investors.Among these,defectors do not participate in investing,discreet investors make heterogeneous investments based on the investment behavior and cooperation value of their neighbors,and cooperators invest equally in each neighbor.In real life,heterogeneous investment is often accompanied by time or economic costs.The discreet investors in this paper pay a certain price to obtain their neighbors'investment behavior and cooperation value,which quantifies the time and economic costs of the heterogeneous investment process.The results of Monte Carlo simulation experiments in this study show that discreet investors can effectively resist the invasion of the defectors,form a stable cooperative group and expand the cooperative advantage in evolution.However,when discreet investors pay too high a price,they lose their strategic advantage.The results in this paper help us understand the role of heterogeneous investment in promoting and maintaining human social cooperation.展开更多
Flannery O’Connor is one of the representative figures of American Southern writers.Being recognized as the most outstanding writer of the American South after Faulkner,she has great influence in the literary world.H...Flannery O’Connor is one of the representative figures of American Southern writers.Being recognized as the most outstanding writer of the American South after Faulkner,she has great influence in the literary world.Her works are always shrouded in a strange and grotesque atmosphere and full of death as well as religious metaphors.The protagonists are a series of American Southern freaks struggling with the crisis of spiritual belief.The protagonists of her novel A Good Man is Hard to Find are a hypocritical believer in the world of sinners and a lost man suffering in the midst of real sin,thus O’Connor uses the highest form of violence-death to bring ultimate redemption to them.In people’s conception,violence and redemption are often opposite to each other,but O’Connor uses bloody and violent plots to explore the theme of religious salvation,integrating and unifying the two contrary concepts to form her unique and profound violent redemption writing.展开更多
Since the Harris-Todaro model was proposed in 1970,it has played a crucial role in analyzing various environmental and trade issues in developing countries.This paper analyzes the effects of the amount of public inter...Since the Harris-Todaro model was proposed in 1970,it has played a crucial role in analyzing various environmental and trade issues in developing countries.This paper analyzes the effects of the amount of public intermediate goods provided by the government,the increase in the fixed wage rate in the urban sector,and the changes in the relative international prices of agricultural and manufacturing goods on labor employment,unemployment,and the economic welfare in the context of a small open economy.It also proposes relevant policies to reduce the unemployment rate while improving national welfare.展开更多
Good综合征（ Good syndrome, GS）是一种罕见的合并胸腺瘤的成人原发性免疫缺陷病，典型特征为低丙种球蛋白血症、免疫缺陷合并胸腺瘤，该病老年人高发，无性别差异，占胸腺瘤患者的10％，其发病机制尚不明确。主要临床表现为自身免疫...Good综合征（ Good syndrome, GS）是一种罕见的合并胸腺瘤的成人原发性免疫缺陷病，典型特征为低丙种球蛋白血症、免疫缺陷合并胸腺瘤，该病老年人高发，无性别差异，占胸腺瘤患者的10％，其发病机制尚不明确。主要临床表现为自身免疫性疾病合并反复机会性感染，特别是含荚膜细菌的感染，肺部为最常受累部位。郑州大学第一附属医院收治以顽固性腹泻为首诊的典型GS一例，现报道如下。展开更多
Good Point!是香港理工大学开发的一个全英在线交流平台,其教学目标是培养学习者的英语在线学习能力,因此将其应用于大学英语教学。通过对比分析前期和后期的在线交流记录、写作记录以及学生反馈探讨该平台的教学效果。结果发现:该平台...Good Point!是香港理工大学开发的一个全英在线交流平台,其教学目标是培养学习者的英语在线学习能力,因此将其应用于大学英语教学。通过对比分析前期和后期的在线交流记录、写作记录以及学生反馈探讨该平台的教学效果。结果发现:该平台能有效提高受试的英语在线交流能力、写作能力和英语思辨能力。可见该平台有利于培养大学生的英语在线探究能力,是一个值得推广的教学平台。展开更多
目的探讨 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管的短期疗效。方法 33例(39耳)分泌性中耳炎(secretory otitismedia,SOM)患者置入 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管,同期采用国产纽扣状鼓膜通气管治疗患者30例(40耳)作为对照,随访6个月,比较两种通气管的疗效及并发...目的探讨 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管的短期疗效。方法 33例(39耳)分泌性中耳炎(secretory otitismedia,SOM)患者置入 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管,同期采用国产纽扣状鼓膜通气管治疗患者30例(40耳)作为对照,随访6个月,比较两种通气管的疗效及并发症。结果术后6个月,Coode T 型鼓膜通气管组的堵管、排出和重新置管率均明显低于国产通气管组,P<0.001,差异极显著;术后除2例耳漏外,未发现其他严重并发症。两组患者术后近期听力学检查结果差异无显著性。结论 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管可适用于无置管史的 SOM 患者的短期治疗。展开更多
Nathaniel Hawthorne not only strongly condemns the belief that men are more evil than good, but also conveys the inclination towards good through the Scarlet Letter. The characters like Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, ...Nathaniel Hawthorne not only strongly condemns the belief that men are more evil than good, but also conveys the inclination towards good through the Scarlet Letter. The characters like Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and even the community are the specific examples. Despite the fact that good and evil coexist in human nature, human beings are liable to be strongly affected and controlled by the striving towards good.展开更多
基金the Open Foundation of Key Lab-oratory of Software Engineering of Yunnan Province(Grant Nos.2020SE308 and 2020SE309).
文摘In the realm of public goods game,punishment,as a potent tool,stands out for fostering cooperation.While it effectively addresses the first-order free-rider problem,the associated costs can be substantial.Punishers incur expenses in imposing sanctions,while defectors face fines.Unfortunately,these monetary elements seemingly vanish into thin air,representing a loss to the system itself.However,by virtue of the redistribution of fines to cooperators and punishers,not only can we mitigate this loss,but the rewards for these cooperative individuals can be enhanced.Based upon this premise,this paper introduces a fine distribution mechanism to the traditional pool punishment model.Under identical parameter settings,by conducting a comparative experiment with the conventional punishment model,the paper aims to investigate the impact of fine distribution on the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods game.The experimental results clearly demonstrate that,in instances where the punishment cost is prohibitively high,the cooperative strategies of the traditional pool punishment model may completely collapse.However,the model enriched with fine distribution manages to sustain a considerable number of cooperative strategies,thus highlighting its effectiveness in promoting and preserving cooperation,even in the face of substantial punishment cost.
基金Project supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Software Engineering of Yunnan Province(Grant Nos.2020SE308 and 2020SE309).
文摘This paper studies the evolutionary process of cooperative behavior in a public goods game model with heterogeneous investment strategies in square lattices.In the proposed model,players are divided into defectors,cooperators and discreet investors.Among these,defectors do not participate in investing,discreet investors make heterogeneous investments based on the investment behavior and cooperation value of their neighbors,and cooperators invest equally in each neighbor.In real life,heterogeneous investment is often accompanied by time or economic costs.The discreet investors in this paper pay a certain price to obtain their neighbors'investment behavior and cooperation value,which quantifies the time and economic costs of the heterogeneous investment process.The results of Monte Carlo simulation experiments in this study show that discreet investors can effectively resist the invasion of the defectors,form a stable cooperative group and expand the cooperative advantage in evolution.However,when discreet investors pay too high a price,they lose their strategic advantage.The results in this paper help us understand the role of heterogeneous investment in promoting and maintaining human social cooperation.
文摘Flannery O’Connor is one of the representative figures of American Southern writers.Being recognized as the most outstanding writer of the American South after Faulkner,she has great influence in the literary world.Her works are always shrouded in a strange and grotesque atmosphere and full of death as well as religious metaphors.The protagonists are a series of American Southern freaks struggling with the crisis of spiritual belief.The protagonists of her novel A Good Man is Hard to Find are a hypocritical believer in the world of sinners and a lost man suffering in the midst of real sin,thus O’Connor uses the highest form of violence-death to bring ultimate redemption to them.In people’s conception,violence and redemption are often opposite to each other,but O’Connor uses bloody and violent plots to explore the theme of religious salvation,integrating and unifying the two contrary concepts to form her unique and profound violent redemption writing.
文摘Since the Harris-Todaro model was proposed in 1970,it has played a crucial role in analyzing various environmental and trade issues in developing countries.This paper analyzes the effects of the amount of public intermediate goods provided by the government,the increase in the fixed wage rate in the urban sector,and the changes in the relative international prices of agricultural and manufacturing goods on labor employment,unemployment,and the economic welfare in the context of a small open economy.It also proposes relevant policies to reduce the unemployment rate while improving national welfare.
文摘Good综合征（ Good syndrome, GS）是一种罕见的合并胸腺瘤的成人原发性免疫缺陷病，典型特征为低丙种球蛋白血症、免疫缺陷合并胸腺瘤，该病老年人高发，无性别差异，占胸腺瘤患者的10％，其发病机制尚不明确。主要临床表现为自身免疫性疾病合并反复机会性感染，特别是含荚膜细菌的感染，肺部为最常受累部位。郑州大学第一附属医院收治以顽固性腹泻为首诊的典型GS一例，现报道如下。
文摘目的探讨 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管的短期疗效。方法 33例(39耳)分泌性中耳炎(secretory otitismedia,SOM)患者置入 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管,同期采用国产纽扣状鼓膜通气管治疗患者30例(40耳)作为对照,随访6个月,比较两种通气管的疗效及并发症。结果术后6个月,Coode T 型鼓膜通气管组的堵管、排出和重新置管率均明显低于国产通气管组,P<0.001,差异极显著;术后除2例耳漏外,未发现其他严重并发症。两组患者术后近期听力学检查结果差异无显著性。结论 Goode T 型鼓膜通气管可适用于无置管史的 SOM 患者的短期治疗。
文摘Nathaniel Hawthorne not only strongly condemns the belief that men are more evil than good, but also conveys the inclination towards good through the Scarlet Letter. The characters like Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and even the community are the specific examples. Despite the fact that good and evil coexist in human nature, human beings are liable to be strongly affected and controlled by the striving towards good.
