Effects of Dietary Fiber and Grit on Performance, Gastrointestinal Tract Development, Lipometabolism, and Grit Retention of Goslings

This study investigated effects of dietary ifbre and grit on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract （GIT） development, serum indexes and grit retention of Sichuan white goslings in China. The experiment was a 3×2 factorial design consisting of dietary crude ifbre （CF） at 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0%levels by adding grass meal and with or without grit supplementation. A total of 720 1-d-old male goslings were randomly allocated into 36 pens of 20 goslings/pen （n=6 pens/treatment）. At 21 d of age, GIT, blood samples and grit in gizzards were collected. Body weight （BW）, empty BW （without GIT）, average daily gain （ADG） and average daily feed intake （ADFI） were affected by CF levels and the medium （4.0%） had the highest value. Adding grit improved BW, empty BW, ADG and ADFI. CF affected relative weight or length of proventriculus, gizzard and duodenum. Increasing CF levels decreased jejunum villus height and affected caecal crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio. Higher CF levels decreased serum triglyceride. Adding grit increased relative weight of abdominal fat. Grit addition increased grit weight in gizzard and the ratio of grit in 0.45-1 and 1-2 mm while decreasing the ratio of grit〈0.45 and 2-3 mm. In conclusion, moderate CF level and grit addition increased performance of goslings without interaction. Dietary CF levels affected the development of upper GIT and serum triglyceride. Grit needed by goslings should be less than 2 mm. Goslings’ gizzard would accumulate grit from feed when other grit could not be acquired.

Detection of apoptosis induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus in vitro through fluorescein annexin V-FITC/PI double labeling

AIM: To achieve a better understanding of the pathogenesis of new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) and the relationship between NGVEV and host cells. METHODS: The apoptosis of duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) induced by NGVEV was investigated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and fluorescence microscope after the cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI). RESULTS: By staining cells with a combination of fluorescein annexin V-FITC and PI, it is possible to distinguish and quantitatively analyze non-apoptotic cells (Annexin V-FITC negative/PI negative), early apoptotic cells (Annexin V-FITC positive/PI negative), late apoptotic/necrotic cells (Annexin V-FITC positive/ PI positive) and dead cells (Annexin V-FITC negative/PI positive) through flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased with the incubation time and reached a maximum at 120 h after infection, while the percentage of non- apoptotic cells decreased.

Effects of Crude Enzyme Preparation Supplemented to Barley Diet on the Performance, Hormone Levels and Biochemical Parameters in Gosling

Twenty four 7-day-old crossbred goslings （Chuan white×Tai lake） were divided randomly into control and treatment groups. Enzyme preparation was added in the diet of treatment group at dosage of 1 g/kg. The blood samples were collected from 60 day-old goslings via the wing vein. During the fifty-three days experiment, body weights were adopted measured each week, related hormone contents and biochemical parameters in plasma were determined. The results were as following:（1） Compared with control, body weight of treatment group were significantly higher （P<0.05） since 3-week-old goslings. The weight gains were significant higher （P<0.05） in （4～7） week-old goslings too, feed intake were increased and the "feed: body weight gain" was decreased; （2） Compared with control, growth hormone （GH） and insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） levels were dramatically enhanced by 36.62% （P<0.01） and 66.55% （P<0.01） respectively, while the level of β-endorphin （β-END） decreased by 51.66% （P<0.01）; （3） Thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH） and 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine （T3） contents in treatment group were 24.39% （P<0.05） and （16.81%） （P<0.05） higher than those of control, whereas thyroxine （T4） contents was lower by 18.33% （P<0.05）, ratios of T3/T4 were increased; （4） Compared with control, insulin contents were elevated by 36.75% （P<0.01）, while level of glucagon was reduced by 23.11% （P<0.01）,ratios of insulin/glucagon were increased; （5） The activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GTP） was 4.46 fold higher than those of control （P<0.01） and uric acid content was reduced by 57.50% （P<0.01）.These results indicate that enzyme preparation added in barley based diet can promote the gosling growth by improving the barely digestibility, carbohydrate metabolism and influencing the hormone levels.

基于Java的网络版JQ开发心得

Java语言诞生于1991年,起初他只是Sun公司为自己旗下的一些消费性电子产品所设计的通用环境,在那个年代,硬件领域出现了单片式计算机系统,这种价格低廉的系统一出现就立即引起了自动控制领域人员的注意。Sun公司研发人员根据嵌入式软件的要求对C++进行了改造,去除了留在C++的一些不太实用及影响安全的成分,并结合嵌入式系统的实时性要求,开发了Oak面向对象语言,Java的前身诞生了。经过对oak语言的一系列修改,Java在James Gosling手中诞生了。

“戴着眼镜的蜘蛛”James Gosling访谈

大约八年前的今天,Java刚刚诞生后不久,《经济学家》在一篇题为“Will your next computer be a tin can and a wire?”的报道中画了一副有趣的漫画,一个人怀抱着一台电脑,电脑的一端连着一条线,线的另一端是一张网络(蜘蛛网),蜘蛛网上蹲坐着一只硕大无比的“戴着一副眼镜的蜘蛛”。今天,这只“蜘蛛”就笑眯眯的坐在我们面前,他就是Java之父James Gosling。