Rebuilding and Integration of Rural Governance System Based on the Combination of Self-governance,Rule of Law and Rule of Virtue

The proposal that"the rural governance system based on the combination of self-governance,rule of law and rule of virtue should be completed"was put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.There are many challenges for the development and difficulties for the governance of rural social transformation in the new era,so"the combination of self-governance,rule of law and rule of virtue"is realistically essential,having the objective inevitability and practical possibility.The fundamental and central role of the villagers'self-governance should be brought into full play to construct"the rural governance system based on the combination of self-govermance,rule of law and rule of virtue"under the guidance of the spirit of the 19th National Congress ofthe Communist Party of China,by taking the rule of law as the legal assurance and rule of virtue as the social affection support,managing to complete and optimize the rural governance system,realize the good and right governance in the rural society,boost the modernization construction process of the national governance ability,and realize the great objective of comprehensive rural vitalization of the"stability of the rural areas,development of the agriculture and happiness of the farmers".

Digital Development Rights in Developing Countries:Where the Governance Rules for Cross-Border Data Flows

The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.

SPECIAL ISSUE： RULE OF LAW--CHINA AND THE WORLD International Law as the Law of Domestic Governance： China＇s Propositions and Institutional Practice

Like domestic law, international law can be used in domestic governance, where it can become an important instrument assisting China＇s Party and government to rule the country and manage state affairs. Incorporating part of international law into domestic law and comprehensively advancing the rule of law in accord with the principle of national sovereignty demonstrate the openness and international vision of China＇s rule of law construction. Translating these propositions into concrete institutional practice will be of vital significance for improving the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, advancing the international rule of law and promoting world peace.

On the Theory of Chinese Legal Education in the New Era

The Central Committee of the Community Party of China with Comrade XI Jinping at its core has made strategic thinking and top-level design for Chinese legal education in the new era, put forward a series of new concepts, ideas and strategies that are epochal, iconic, and original, and created a scientific and modernized theory of Chinese legal education in the new era. The theory on Chinese legal education for the new era, as an important part of XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, profoundly answers significant questions about the orientation, goal, status, relationship, management, and system of Chinese legal education in the new era, and guides us to build a leading country in legal education.

Rule of Law Construction and Assessment at the Local Level

Going beyond the analytical model of the holistic state in rule of law discussion, we can classify the rule of law into national and local levels based on the stages and increments of its execution. The phenomenon of the local rule of law reflects the stages and incremental progress of building a rule of law China. It has a realistic foundation in society and a profound basis in legal theory. Comprehensively advancing the rule of law in China necessitates giving encouragement and support to construction of the rule of law at the local level. The attempts and experiments of local government enable us to explore and innovate the developmental model of the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. The rule of law at the local level is embodied in three dimensions： ＂text--action---concept.＂ Assessment mechanisms and indicators for the local construction of the rule of law should also be established in accordance with this framework. The building of the rule of law at the local level should be synchronized with assessment of the rule of law. We need to optimize top-level design, conduct evaluations of local legislation, improve local rule of law work performance assessment and use a nile of law index to assess the local rule of law in an overall manner.

Characteristics,Indicators,and Methods of Chinese Modernization of the Rule of Law

Chinese modernization of the rule of law is an important dimension of Chinese modernization;it has some commonalities with the rule of law modernization of all countries but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.The prominent feature that constitutes the Chinese characteristics,Chinese style,and Chinese model,is the adherence to the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.It is this feature that determines the difference with Western rule of law modernization.Representingg a new form of human rule of law civilization,the Chinesestyle primarily features the building of a socialist law-based country,government,andSsociety,including centralized,unified,authoritative,andefficient Chinese-style national supervision,as well as the dual existence of constitutional review by the Communist Party of China(CPC)and by the state.Chinese modernization cannot be made possible without the rule of law being modernized and serving as a safeguard.Comprehensive promotion of the rule of law is an overriding approach,and two methods have to be followed specifically:firstly,construction of a modern socialist country in all aspects under the rule of law,and secondly,performance of all work of the state under the rule of law.

“三治融合”视域下乡村“积分制”治理运行机制研究——基于四川省Y村的个案研究

“三治融合”是宏观层面对乡村治理的政策指引,乡村“积分制”治理正是“三治融合”理念的应用。文章以“三治融合”理念为视角,基于治理组织、治理工具、治理目标三个维度构成的治理逻辑,分析论证“三治融合”理念和乡村“积分制”治理运作机理的同一性;依据治理逻辑和运作机理,构建由起始动力机制、协调助力机制和激励保障机制形成的乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制;通过把握乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制,提出从构建多元治理主体协同参与的共建共治格局、运用制度和技术工具、建立因地制宜的积分评价考核机制和激励政策等方面优化完善乡村“积分制”治理,以期推动乡村治理方式的创新化发展。

“三治融合”何以赋能农村集体公益设施建设和管护——基于内生动力的视角

内生动力不足是困扰农村集体公益设施建设和管护的重要因素。文章以西安市长安区四皓村美丽乡村建设为例,分析“三治融合”如何激发内生动力进而赋能农村集体公益设施建设和管护:首先,“三治融合”构成的农村“现代公共规则”与农村发展内生动力中的认同、参与、资源等基本要素相嵌合;其次,以党组织为核心的组织机构,通过“三治融合”的治理模式,形成内外部力量的有效互动,构建不同价值的双重循环,搭建个体与集体间的利益关联,产生农村集体公益设施建设和管护中的内驱力;最后,乡村公共事务治理不能仅依赖外部力量的介入,内外力量的互动是农村发展过程中内生动力生成的逻辑前提,构建村民个体与村社共同体的关联和认同是关键。

习近平治国理政的传统智慧及其阐释逻辑——以“治大国若烹小鲜”为例

习近平法治思想从多方面展现大国治理的传统智慧,在方法论问题上,习近平特别提到老子的“治大国若烹小鲜”。从历史逻辑上讲,习近平古语新说,遵循逻辑与历史相统一的辩证法,为“治大国若烹小鲜”注入了更多的新时代内涵。从法理逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”蕴含的传统智慧与全面依法治国、比例适度原则、权力监督制约等现代法治理念和宪法精神深度契合,从总体性、协同性和控制论等不同维度生动诠释了习近平的法治方法论。从实践逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”的治国理念是宪法权衡思维的生动体现,对于在法治轨道上全面推进民主政治、市场经济、和谐社会、先进文化和生态文明等方面的建设具有重要的方法论意义。

全面依法治国视域下大学生法治意识培养模式研究

新时代我国实施全面依法治国方略,高等教育的重要一环是培养大学生法治意识。然而,当前大学生法治意识培养存在的问题和挑战也日益凸显,需要进行深入研究和解决。探讨全面依法治国视域下的大学生法治意识培养模式,并对该模式进行实践与效果评估,探索可行的培养方法,有助于为高校法治教育提供科学有效的参考和借鉴。

农村基层治理中“德法合治”的命题逻辑与实现路径

法治是现代化农村基层治理的显著特征,而当前农村基层法治建设仍有待进一步提升,落实“德法合治”是推进农村基层治理现代化的应有之义。在主体逻辑上,“德法合治”是多元主体合作共治的一种表达形式;在应用逻辑上,“德法合治”是有效协同解决农村政治生活、社会生活和私人生活领域事务的基本路径;在规范逻辑上,“德法合治”要求基层村治沿着制度性规范和社会性规范相辅相成的轨道前进。在村民自治基础上不断发展“德法合治”实践,既有助于提升基层农民群众的法治信仰和道德素养,同时也是有效实现由“送法下乡”促进乡村善治的可行之策。从实然层面看,农村基层治理中“德法合治”的实现思路,需要我们从观念、规范、环境、保障等四个维度加以筹划。

周代仁政之下法治思想系统研究

周代没有完整记载法治思想的史书,周代的法治思想,散见于西周的《尚书》《周礼》及东周诸子的学说中。西周鉴于夏桀、殷纣实施暴政而亡的教训,推行仁政。仁政以德治为主,也兼顾法治。法治成为周代仁政的两翼之一,表现为以仁立法,以仁司法,明德慎罚,德主刑辅。到了东周,虽然诸侯争霸、礼崩乐坏,但西周的仁政传统仍占主导地位,仁政不仅被儒家学说加以发展,也被道家学说加以补充、杂家学说加以兼取。即便法家、名家公开反对仁政德治,主张严刑峻法,也是打着仁义的旗号。在仁政之下兼行法治,或打着仁义的旗号强调严刑峻法,构成了周代法治思想的整体景观。

法治·道治·德治——中国传统社会治国理政策略之汉初嬗变及其时代思考

在“承秦”“过秦”及其共轭中,汉初治国理政模式发生了多次变革,体现了“法治”“道治”“德治”的共生、更替、交融和相互吸纳与完善,构成了汉初乃至中国传统社会治国理政的基本策略,共同维护着中国传统社会的“大一统”局面。从马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合的角度审视,新时代“中国之治”的实现必须且可以在创造性继承和创新性发展中汲取其智慧与启迪。

“天下为公”与传统“德治”思想的历史进路

“天下为公”作为中国传统“德治”思想的重要内容,主张国家权力的组织运行应当遵循公平、公共原则,其以要求政治上选贤举能与经济上均财共利为主要表现,反映了古人对理想社会秩序的崇高愿景。而在历代治理实践中,“公天下”理想却在较大程度上与世袭的“家天下”现实互相适应结合,既对君主制度构成一定伦理规范,又受到既有体制限定,无法实现“主权在民”的理论突破。伴随近代“民权”意识兴起,“天下为公”得以完成文化重塑,推动治理观念从“德治”向“法治”转换。在此期间,源于中国历史自身演进逻辑,“天下为公”所内含的全民性和公共性特征,发挥出巨大的时代衔接与价值引领作用。

新时代高等学校内部规则治理的理念与路径——兼论一级法治与二级法治的关系

对于高等学校贯彻落实党的二十大精神而言,依法治校作为目标,事关全面依法治国的成败,作为方法,又事关高等教育高质量发展各项指标的达成。高等学校的依法治校有外部视角和内部视角两种语境,内部视角与外部视角之和就是法治的整体。作为高等学校内部的二级法治的基本进路是以一级法治作为参照系建构的,是一级法治的路径映射到校园。但是高等学校内部二级法治的三个不利因素决定了其实现过程更加艰难,如何克服这三个不利因素不仅仅是大学内部二级法治的核心,更是推进全面依法治国整体水平的核心。

社会资本与乡村“三治融合”治理效能关系研究

推进“三治融合”是新时代乡村治理体系建设的重要目标。在“三治融合”推进过程中,出现了治理主体缺位、法治推进困难、德治影响减弱等主要问题。而社会资本在促进乡村“三治融合”上具有一定积极作用:在自治方面,社会资本总量越高,村民越有可能参与民主选举与民主决策,且对民主管理、民主监督成效的评价与期望值越高;在法治与德治方面,社会资本总量越高,法治及德治效能越显著。社会资本三大维度中,关系网络密切程度与法治效能、德治效能的正向相关关系较强。通过界定和测量“三治融合度”,可以发现社会资本在一定程度上有助于“三治”间的融合互契。

“三治融合”乡村治理体系的建设理路:理论、问题与实践

“三治融合”标志着乡村治理体系的现代化,即乡村治理体系、结构、功能由传统转向现代的过程。“三治融合”通过协调有序的制度,实现乡村治理体系的民主化和法治化,有效保障人民群众当家做主,实现乡村社会公共利益最大化。立足乡村治理体系的变迁历程及其时代意涵,结合“三治融合”体系建设中存在的实际问题,充分发挥党的引领功能、强化乡村自治实践的基础保障、健全乡村治理法治保障、大力营造乡村治理的德治氛围、坚持自治法治德治有机统一,助力建设“三治融合”的乡村治理体系。

乡村治理中的“三治融合”:地方实践、基本共识及规则安排

“三治融合”源于浙江桐乡的乡村治理现代化地方实践,具有浓厚的地方实践经验色彩。各地“三治融合”的共同点是通过内部自我创新与外部制度供给的联动,形成因地制宜的“三治融合”实践经验。在当前治理环境下,将“三治融合”从地方实践经验提炼形成规则安排,才能实现乡村治理的长期稳定。在桐乡、枫桥、曲阳、象山四地“三治融合”的实践经验中,其治理成效得到了国家和社会的认可,其在增强利益机制建构、全过程人民民主实现和治理要素流通等方面经验上均有可取之处。基于四地经验,得出“三治融合”的基础性原则、主体定位重构和创新机制保障等基本共识。以此为基础,从规则目标、手段和体系三个方面提出完善整体规则安排的建议,在规则框架内推动“三治融合”制度化发展,进一步提升乡村治理能力。

基层社会治理中的德治与法治:伦理变迁的视角

在我国基层社会治理的时空情境中,乡村伦理的解体与都市伦理的建构并不同步,同时空情境中都市伦理精神的发展存在不平衡不充分的问题。相对乡村生活的低流动与强互动,都市生活呈现强流动与低互动特征,这决定了都市伦理的建构需要法治先行,在法治立基的前提下,推进市民道德建设。都市伦理建构中的德治与法治互动,渗透在治理过程中。基层治理主体提供公共服务的过程,就是普法和道德教化的过程。我们需要关注城乡伦理状况的变化与衔接,妥善处理都市伦理建构过程中的“德”“法”关系,推动基层治理时空情境中公民伦理精神的可能跃迁。

论坚持党对全面依法治国领导的理论内涵

坚持党对全面依法治国的领导在习近平法治思想中居于首要地位。其理论内涵可归纳为坚持党对全面依法治国的领导的定位论、方向论、本体论和方法论。在定位论上,坚持党对全面依法治国的领导在习近平法治思想、全面依法治国、中国特色社会主义法治体系建设和社会主义法治国家建设中居于根本性地位。在方向论上,坚持党对全面依法治国的领导在法治主体、法治价值和法治属性三个方面规制中国特色社会主义法治的发展方向。在本体论上,坚持党对全面依法治国的领导是中国特色社会主义法治道路的本质特征。在方法论上,坚持党对全面依法治国的领导体现在坚持把党的领导贯穿全面依法治国各方面全过程,坚持依法治国和依规治党有机统一,健全党的领导制度体系以增强党的领导能力和水平。