Corporate innovation behavior and internal governance mechanism

Innovation is a process results in new products, methods of production and forms of business organization. Innovation can vastly improve the welfare of consumers, investors, firms and the economy. However, there is relatively limited evidence of how corporate governance affects corporate innovation. In this study, the author theoretically demonstrates how internal governance mechanisms interact to affect innovation, such as internal control, monitoring and compensation contracts. Governance mechanisms are determined by firm characteristics. The ＂best＂ governance structures that can be adopted universally do not exist. However, innovative firms often share similar characteristics, and they adopt similar governance mechanisms to facilitate innovation. The ultimate purpose of such internal governance mechanism that facilitates innovation is to prevent managers＇ myopia, and this paper concludes 5 different roles in internal governance mechanism that facilitate corporate innovation behavior.

Corporate Behavior Theory on Stakeholder Harmonious Corporate Governance

Corporate governance is the focus of all stakeholders in the balance of contradictions and conflicts in the view of corporatc behavior theory, harmonious governance may be the development direction of future corporate governance. The article explains the framework of harmonious governance based on the theory of corporate behavior, and holds that shareholder value and stakeholder value is as important as, combination of incentive-compatible and mutually compatible, interaction between market governance and relationship governance, is a major innovation path of harmonious corporate governance by stakeholders.

Local Government Behavior behind China's Excessive Investment under Decentralization——Theoretical and Empirical Analysis Based on Manufacturing Sector

This paper investigates the effect of local government intervention on capital deepening of manufacturing sector by using interprovincial panel data sets of 28 Chinese provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions between 1994 and 2011.Theoretical research indicates that as a transitional economy,China's local government intervention in corporate investment behaviors will cause excessive investment,thus bringing about a long-term and sustained tendency of capital deepening in manufacturing sector.Empirical test further discovers that in a certain range,the phenomenon of capital deepening in manufacturing sector is not an inevitable result endogenous to economic development and technology progress,and that investment behaviors of manufacturing sector are largely subject to the external institutional environment.Fiscal decentralization has indeed promoted capital deepening of manufacturing sector.Financial credit expansion and interventions in SOEs are major instruments for local governments to intervene in the capital deepening of manufacturing sector and such an influence is particularly significant for China's central,western and northeast regions.Therefore,clarifying government functions and improving local government performance review mechanism are of great significance to the healthy development of China's manufacturing sector.

Game analysis of building energy saving behaviors between government and developers

Information asymmetry phenomenon and the differences between the main body's earning targets,which are existing in the building energy saving field,have made the game behaviors of its economic activities become inevitable.There are strategies choice between government departments and the developers,when the building energy saving work is carried out under the government control.Based on the players based assumptions,the path of player's behavior strategy choices is analyzed,expected revenue models are established and mixed Nash equilibrium is obtained in this paper.Based on the analysis results,the incentive strategy enlightenment could be concluded that it is particularly important to design the scientific incentive system for developers to develop energy-saving buildings reasonably and for the government to implement effective control;the role of informal system in encouraging developers to develop energy-saving buildings should not be ignored.

Reforms on China＇s Fiscal System and Its Impact on Local Government Behavior

The fiscal system is an important part of national economic management and deals with the division of financial responsibility and power, regulates and defines the fiscal activities among different levels of governments. The changes in economic system and economic structure decide the changes of fiscal function and fiscal structure, which results in the changes in intergovernmental distribution form and local government behavior. This paper takes a look at the stages of China＇s fiscal reform process and the impacts on local government behavior, and tries to find measures for perfecting the fiscal system reform to optimize local government behavior and guarantee a healthy national economy.

Construction of building energy conservation incentive policies under government regulation: Based on the subjects' behavior analysis

Building energy efficiency is a long-term strategy to achieve sustainable development, but the inconsistencies of main interests during the implementation lead to the need for government regulation in building energy conservation. Implementation of building energy efficiency of government regulation covers three aspects of construction and involves relevant participators, so the paper analyzes interests and roles of the related subjects in building energy saving, explore the motivations and its conversion mechanism of each player, and dissect the game relationship of associated earnings of developers' and consumers' behaviors selection under government control. Finally, the paper proposes basic requirements of building incentive policies for related subjects under government control to regulate the main behaviors of subjects in building energy efficient buildings and achieve energy efficiency goals and balance of all parties' benefits.

智慧医疗情境下四方主体隐私行为的交互机理及演化趋势研究

[目的/意义]本文针对智慧医疗情境下隐私行为研究在博弈主体、模型参数等方面的不足,探寻患者、医疗机构、智慧医疗平台和政府四方主体之间的隐私行为交互机理与演化趋势。[方法/过程]基于演化博弈理论,构建患者、医疗机构、智慧医疗平台和政府四方博弈模型。根据不同参数调节下各方行为策略的收益、成本、损失等计算收益矩阵,求解主体的演化稳定策略,并考虑不同因素对主体行为策略及系统稳定状态的影响。[结果/结论]患者的隐私披露行为与披露隐私后获得的服务收益密切相关,医疗机构的隐私保护投入成本和隐私泄露概率对其隐私保护行为有显著影响,智慧医疗平台的政府奖惩、罚款收益和投入成本是影响其严格管理行为的关键因素,政府的监管行为与奖惩机制等因素密切相关。通过应用本文模型和方法,可以动态调整隐私保护机制,明确各方职责,推动智慧医疗可持续健康发展。

政府培训对洪灾风险区农户防灾减灾意愿与行为影响研究

面对洪灾威胁,采取有效的防灾减灾行为能够保障农户的生命财产安全,政府培训是促进农户主动采取防灾减灾行为的重要举措。该研究以四川省洪灾风险区540户农户为调查对象,实证检验了政府培训、培训广度对农户采取防灾减灾行为的影响以及农户防灾减灾意愿的中介效应。结果表明,随着农户参与政府培训以及培训广度的增加,其越有可能采取防灾减灾行为,政府培训及培训广度每增加一个单位,农户采取防灾减灾行为的可能性相应增加10.68%和4.19%。农户拥有谋生技能状况和受灾经历会对其采取防灾减灾行为造成正向显著影响。农户防灾减灾意愿在政府培训、培训广度影响农户采取防灾减灾行为方面发挥了中介效应,中介效应占比分别为15.17%和12.29%。

面向暗网抑制的普适性安全理论研究构想和成果展望

近年来,匿名网络及其架构上的“暗网”因其强隐蔽、高匿名、抗追溯的特性,成为传递敏感信息、实施网络攻击及开展网络犯罪的重要工具,给国家安全和社会稳定带来严重威胁。为应对暗网治理中通信行为隐蔽难识别、网络拓扑跳变难绘制、陷阱节点部署难伪装等挑战,本文旨在研究面向暗网抑制的普适性安全理论。本研究的关键科学问题凝练为:强对抗机制下结构信息缺失的动态时变网络行为刻画与推理问题。为突破以上问题,拟从基础理论、应用技术和示范系统3个层面开展研究,实现1个框架、3个方法、1个系统等五大研究内容。具体为:一是,建立面向暗网流量差异性与行为共性的协同量化理论框架,提出异构暗网普适性特征与差异化要素表征、统一安全量化、生态脆弱图构建及推理理论,解决网络结构复杂多样、通信行为动态多变的暗网可抑制性量化评估问题;二是,提出基于凸优化问题求解的流量实时轻量化识别方法,通过构建基于自身相似性关联的小流抽样模型与基于高斯核函数和多模态优化的暗网流量识别与业务分类模型,实现对暗网流量的实时、轻量化精准识别与分类;三是,提出基于行为不变性的多网络全时域连接预测与通连关系绘制方法,在统一安全量化理论的基础上,对跨位点连接进行表示,在动态网络中过滤无关连接后进行多网络全时域连接预测,并绘制通连关系,实现局部观测条件下暗网通连的多点全局关联;四是,提出基于局部观测暗网通连最优化的陷阱节点部署与溯源方法,实现部分可控节点条件下的暗网追踪溯源;五是,研发面向真实暗网场景的实时流量检测与溯源示范应用系统,并在相关执法单位进行落地应用,实现对暗网犯罪的精准治理。并且,详细阐述了协同量化理论构建、轻量化暗网流量识别、连接预测与通连关系绘制、陷阱部署与溯源机理、示范应用系统等五大任务的技术路线。通过本文的基础理论研究、技术应用和系统示范验证,推动暗网治理的理论发展,提升抑制暗网的效率,具有重要的社会与经济效益。

从冲突到相容:多任务委托代理下地方政府的行为逻辑

高质量发展要求地方政府追求经济、政治、社会、文化和生态环境的均衡与可持续发展,但当同时面临多个任务目标时,地方政府可能会采取策略性选择。根据经典的多任务委托代理理论,可从“边际回报率差异”和“任务间关系”两个维度构建地方政府激励的三种类型:激励扭曲、激励弱化和激励合一。2005年环保项目纳入地方政府绩效考核后,中央政府政策调整与地方政府行为变化的互动过程表明,仅靠加大对被忽视任务的考核强度,难以达到预期效果。只有转变任务间关系,使地方政府在两项任务上“激励合一”时,才能有效促进地方高质量发展。

技术封锁与中国高技术产业创新——来自美国对华科技打压的证据

科技创新是实现经济高质量发展的新引擎。本文基于美国对华科技打压这一事实,采用双重差分模型探究技术封锁对中国高技术产业创新行为的影响。研究发现:(1)技术封锁倒逼了中国高技术产业创新发展;(2)改变外部创新来源渠道和激励内源式创新是中国高技术产业实现创新发展的重要行为;(3)异质性分析发现,技术封锁更倒逼实质性创新的产生,同时,政府补贴程度高的行业创新发展水平更高。本文较严谨地证实了技术封锁对中国高技术产业创新发展以及创新行为选择的调整作用,为美国对华科技打压背景下中国高技术产业的创新行为提供了理论解释和政策参考。

新能源车企创新与消费者购买的行为差异研究——基于政府补贴有效性视角

本文基于契约理论的视角,将补贴视为政府为企业与消费者提供的“契约”,构建政府补贴与车企和消费者的演化博弈模型,探讨补贴退坡的现实下新能源汽车产业的发展道路。研究发现,政府与企业、政府与消费者各存在两种演化稳定策略:(1)政府没有对企业创新进行补贴激励时,企业选择传统方式生产;(2)政府对企业进行补贴时,企业选择科技创新;(3)政府没有对消费者购买进行补贴激励时,消费者选择新能源汽车;(4)政府对消费者进行补贴时,消费者购买传统汽车。其中“政府对企业进行补贴且企业选择科技创新”“政府没有补贴而消费者选择新能源汽车”两个稳定策略更能实现社会福利最大化,据此提出政策建议。

中央环保督察下地方环境治理逻辑及路径续造

中央生态环保督察是我国环保工作中的创新之举,为国家生态环境的改善发挥了重要的作用。地方政府环境治理策略的选择遵从“发展论”和“还原论”为原则的提升定向型和预防定向型环境治理逻辑,仍需从明确“以人为本”的环境治理价值目标、创新环境治理制度设计与技术、形成互动交流的环境治理文化、加强公众参与和社会监督、强化环境监测和信息公开等方面来实现地方生态环境可持续发展。

民族乡村旅游治理中女性精英参与机理研究——基于计划行为理论的分析

民族乡村旅游作为民族地区乡村振兴工作的重要路径备受关注。研究发现,主观规范、感知行为控制、经验行为、参与特征对女性精英参与民族乡村旅游治理的行为意向存在显著的正向影响,尤其是经验行为的正向影响最大。行为态度不直接影响女性精英的行为意向,但通过主观规范、感知行为控制、经验行为与行为意向进行间接关联。可从性别平等、政府政策导向、乡村旅游和乡村治理培育三个方面推动女性精英参与民族乡村旅游治理。

数字化能否改善企业的代理行为?——基于中国A股上市公司的实证研究

在现代企业治理中,所有权与经营权分离引发的代理问题备受关注。文章以2005-2021年中国A股上市公司数据为基础,运用固定效应模型,实证检验了企业数字化转型对代理行为的影响。研究结果表明,企业数字化转型与代理行为之间存在显著“倒U型”关系。在数字化转型初期,企业代理行为加剧,但随着数字化程度提升、信息技术的成熟应用使企业信息更透明,有效抑制了代理行为。研究还发现,政府数字关注显著强化了企业数字化转型对代理行为的抑制效果,加速企业数字化转型不利影响的恢复。此外,“倒U型”关系在小企业和高市场化水平地区更为明显。研究丰富了代理行为的相关研究,揭示了企业数字化转型与代理行为的内在联系,为企业优化代理行为提供了有益见解,为政府制定数字化相关政策提供了实证依据。

Government intervention model based on behavioral heterogeneity for China’s stock market

Active government intervention is a striking characteristic of the Chinese stock market.This study develops a behavioral heterogeneous agent model(HAM)comprising fundamentalists,chartists,and stabilizers to investigate investors’dynamic switching mechanisms under government intervention.The model introduces a new player,the stabilizer,into the HAM as a proxy for the government.We use the model to examine government programs during the 2015 China stock market crash and find that it can replicate the dynamics of investor sentiment and asset prices.In addition,our analysis of two simulations,specifically the data-generating processes and shock response analysis,further corroborates the key conclusion that our intervention model not only maintains market stability but also promotes the return of risk asset prices to their fun-damental values.The study concludes that government interventions guided by the new HAM can alleviate the dilemma between reducing price volatility and improving price efficiency in future intervention programs.

Hopf Bifurcation Research of Hydraulic Turbine Governing System with a Saturation Nonlinearity

A nonlinear mathematical model for hydro turbine governing system with saturation nonlinearity in small perturbation has been proposed with all the essential components, i.e. turbine, PID t^^pe governor with saturation part and generator included in the model. Existence, stability and direction of Hopf bifurcation of an example HTGS are investigated in detail and presented in forms of bifurcation diagrams and time ＂wavefomis. The analysis show,that a supercritical Hopf bifurcation may exist in hydraulic turbine systems in some certain conditions. Moreover, the dynaiidc behavior of system with different parameters such as Tw, Tab, Ty and 尺 are studied extensively. An example with numerical simulations is presented to illustrate the theoretical results. The researches provide a reasonable explanation for the Hopf phenomenon happened in operation of hydroelectric generating unit.

Analyzing on the Characteristics of Several Typical Financial Behavior of Loss Listed Companies in China

In combination with socio-economic development of China＇s current status, this article analyzes the characteristics of several typical financial behavior of loss listed companies in China. Among them, the debt financing behavior have a high level, a single means, a short-term structured and other characteristics, the corporate governance behavior have a goal of collaborative, several forms, and a complex environment, the earnings management behavior have diverse motives, many types of means, bigger range and other features, the asset restructuring behavior have a passive subject, methods of differentiation, performance-oriented features such as myopia.

高校师范类专业认证行为偏差的现实表征、成因及治理

高校作为师范类专业认证的重要行动者,其认证行为的质量直接关涉认证目标的实现与认证价值的发挥。研究发现:高校在推进师范类专业认证工作的过程中存在诸多行为偏差,包括认证前的行为意向偏差、认证中的改革行为偏差以及认证后的持续改进行为偏差。究其原因在于,认证客体的认证素养储备不足、认证主客体组织架构固化、认证政策体系不完善及认证保障性措施欠缺。为矫正高校师范类专业认证行为偏差,需要从提升认证客体的认证素养,打破认证主客体固化的组织架构,完善认证政策体系及优化认证保障条件等方面作出努力。

土壤中微塑料:类型、载体效应、迁移行为和潜在风险综述

微塑料(microplastics,MPs)作为一种新兴污染物,广泛存在于土壤中,并不断迁移转化,对土壤生态系统和生物多样性产生潜在风险。为了全面评估土壤MPs的环境风险,加强MPs污染的风险管控,讨论了土壤环境中MPs的类型,系统阐述了土壤MPs的载体效应和迁移行为,并从微生物、植物、动物以及人类四个方面综述了土壤MPs的潜在风险。土壤中MPs并不是单独存在的,MPs的潜在风险一方面来自其本身(颗粒和添加剂)的生物毒性,另一方面是其对共存污染物(有机污染物、重金属和致病菌等)的载体效应。在非生物(淋溶、重力)和生物等作用下,土壤中的MPs时刻都在经历着复杂的迁移过程,从而加剧了其对土壤生态系统的影响。由于粒径小,MPs很容易进入食物链并层层传递,从而对不同营养级生物的正常生理活动产生不利影响,包括影响土壤动植物的新陈代谢,生长,发育和繁殖。此外,MPs不仅在环境中存在,而且也在人体中被发现。MPs可通过饮食、呼吸或皮肤接触等途径进入人体,从而对人体可能产生一系列不良反应。虽然目前仍没有足够的证据证明MPs对人体的直接危害,但其潜在风险仍不容忽视。探讨了土壤MPs污染治理的策略,并对未来土壤微塑料污染的研究方向和重点进行了展望。研究将有助于加深人们对土壤微塑料污染的认识,并为更好地开展微塑料的毒理效应研究和风险评估提供科学线索和理论参考。