The Role of Consultative Democracy under the Constitutional Framework and the Associated Rule of Law

The logical sequence of China＇s state governance is ＂governing party--consultative conferences--people＇s congresses--the people.＂ The ＂governing party--consultative conferences＂ link in the chain involves political consultation through people＇s consultative conferences. The ＂governing party--consultative conferences--people＇s congresses＂ link involves a process of obtaining legitimacy for the Party＇s views based on political consultations which are then translated into the national will by the system of people＇s congresses. The ＂people＇s congresses--the people＂ link involves the two-pronged logic of elections and governing the country according to law. The ＂governing party--the people＂ link is an illustration of the party＇s mass line, which essentially involves social consultation. Consultative democracy usually includes the political consultation in the ＂governing party---consultative conferences＂ link and the social consultation in the ＂governing party-- the people＂ link in the chain, both of which are connected through the system of people＇s congresses. This logically determines the inner relations between the Party＇s leadership, consultative democracy and the people＇s congress form of representative democracy and shapes the institutionalization of consultative democracy. That is, in the process of democratic decision-making, a circular system consisting of ＂political consultation-- legislative consultation--social consultation＂ is created to guide development of the actual system.

Democratic Values of Mongolians Becoming as a Pillar of Perspectives of Democracy, Human Rights, Freedom, and Legitimacy

The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people. The content of this article aimed to categorize the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia;such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties. The content of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher. On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation, the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s. From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004, within this term, the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties, grouped into fractional, blockage of post-trafficking, conspiracy, and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.

SPECIAL ISSUE： RULE OF LAW--CHINA AND THE WORLD International Law as the Law of Domestic Governance： China＇s Propositions and Institutional Practice

Like domestic law, international law can be used in domestic governance, where it can become an important instrument assisting China＇s Party and government to rule the country and manage state affairs. Incorporating part of international law into domestic law and comprehensively advancing the rule of law in accord with the principle of national sovereignty demonstrate the openness and international vision of China＇s rule of law construction. Translating these propositions into concrete institutional practice will be of vital significance for improving the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, advancing the international rule of law and promoting world peace.

Rule of Law Construction and Assessment at the Local Level

Going beyond the analytical model of the holistic state in rule of law discussion, we can classify the rule of law into national and local levels based on the stages and increments of its execution. The phenomenon of the local rule of law reflects the stages and incremental progress of building a rule of law China. It has a realistic foundation in society and a profound basis in legal theory. Comprehensively advancing the rule of law in China necessitates giving encouragement and support to construction of the rule of law at the local level. The attempts and experiments of local government enable us to explore and innovate the developmental model of the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. The rule of law at the local level is embodied in three dimensions： ＂text--action---concept.＂ Assessment mechanisms and indicators for the local construction of the rule of law should also be established in accordance with this framework. The building of the rule of law at the local level should be synchronized with assessment of the rule of law. We need to optimize top-level design, conduct evaluations of local legislation, improve local rule of law work performance assessment and use a nile of law index to assess the local rule of law in an overall manner.

Characteristics,Indicators,and Methods of Chinese Modernization of the Rule of Law

Chinese modernization of the rule of law is an important dimension of Chinese modernization;it has some commonalities with the rule of law modernization of all countries but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.The prominent feature that constitutes the Chinese characteristics,Chinese style,and Chinese model,is the adherence to the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.It is this feature that determines the difference with Western rule of law modernization.Representingg a new form of human rule of law civilization,the Chinesestyle primarily features the building of a socialist law-based country,government,andSsociety,including centralized,unified,authoritative,andefficient Chinese-style national supervision,as well as the dual existence of constitutional review by the Communist Party of China(CPC)and by the state.Chinese modernization cannot be made possible without the rule of law being modernized and serving as a safeguard.Comprehensive promotion of the rule of law is an overriding approach,and two methods have to be followed specifically:firstly,construction of a modern socialist country in all aspects under the rule of law,and secondly,performance of all work of the state under the rule of law.

On the Theory of Chinese Legal Education in the New Era

The Central Committee of the Community Party of China with Comrade XI Jinping at its core has made strategic thinking and top-level design for Chinese legal education in the new era, put forward a series of new concepts, ideas and strategies that are epochal, iconic, and original, and created a scientific and modernized theory of Chinese legal education in the new era. The theory on Chinese legal education for the new era, as an important part of XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, profoundly answers significant questions about the orientation, goal, status, relationship, management, and system of Chinese legal education in the new era, and guides us to build a leading country in legal education.

Democracy Development in Mongolia:Challenges and Opportunities

The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people.The content of this article aimed to categorizing the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties.The contented of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher.On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation and the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s.From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004,within this term,the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties,grouped into fractional,blockage of post-trafficking,conspiracy,and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.

习近平治国理政的传统智慧及其阐释逻辑——以“治大国若烹小鲜”为例

习近平法治思想从多方面展现大国治理的传统智慧,在方法论问题上,习近平特别提到老子的“治大国若烹小鲜”。从历史逻辑上讲,习近平古语新说,遵循逻辑与历史相统一的辩证法,为“治大国若烹小鲜”注入了更多的新时代内涵。从法理逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”蕴含的传统智慧与全面依法治国、比例适度原则、权力监督制约等现代法治理念和宪法精神深度契合,从总体性、协同性和控制论等不同维度生动诠释了习近平的法治方法论。从实践逻辑上讲,“治大国若烹小鲜”的治国理念是宪法权衡思维的生动体现,对于在法治轨道上全面推进民主政治、市场经济、和谐社会、先进文化和生态文明等方面的建设具有重要的方法论意义。

“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”突出优势的内涵、实践和效能

“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”充分彰显了中国特色社会主义法治体系的鲜明特点,是对人类政治文明发展的新贡献。从理论内涵而言,“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”是大国治理和大党治理更加协同高效的最佳途径,也是大国治理和大党治理在保障价值目标实现方面的最佳方式,开创了人类政治文明的新形态。从实践体现而言,“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”主要体现在坚持和加强党的领导、治国理政顶层设计、统筹党政机构等方面,并为在以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴新征程上更好发挥其突出优势提供了重要保障。充分发挥“依法治国和依规治党有机统一”突出优势的治理效能,必须把加强党对全面依法治国的集中统一领导作为根本政治保证,把注重党内法规同国家法律的衔接协调作为主要抓手,把统筹推进执法执规体系建设作为基础工程。

全面依法治国背景下公安院校人才培养路径探析

当前国内外环境日趋复杂,各类风险和深层次矛盾交织出现,给公安院校人才培养带来前所未有的挑战,全面依法治国的重要性越发凸显。我国公安院校人才培养重视复合型人才培养、寻求多元化主体合作、采用信息化手段教学,已经形成了较为丰富的公安院校人才培养模式。检视法治育人实效,仍存在法治理念教育有待加强、法治课程体系有待完善、师资队伍质量有待提升、合作共享机制有待优化等问题。鉴于此,公安院校的人才培养应优化教育资源、重视法治思维、加强外部合作、贯彻民主法治。

依法治国视域下基层领导干部法治教育现状及对策

基层领导干部法治素养的高低,直接关系到其能否运用法治方式深化改革与维护稳定。在依法治国视域下,加强基层领导干部法治教育,是提升国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求。新时代背景下,地方政府部门深入贯彻习近平总书记的全面依法治国思想,加强基层领导干部法治教育的创新,可以引导基层领导干部树立正确的法治观念,增强其法治意识,提高其依法执政能力,从而推动国家治理向更加法治化、科学化、民主化的方向发展。另外,地方政府部门加强基层领导干部法治教育,是落实全面依法治国战略的重要举措,有助于在全社会形成尊法学法守法用法的良好氛围,推动法治社会建设不断取得新成效。针对基层领导干部法治教育,相关政府部门可以通过完善法治教育内容、创新法治教育模式、健全法治教育制度、完善检查监督机制等,培育基层领导干部处理实际问题和解决矛盾的法治思维与依法执政能力,全面推进依法治国。

全面依法治国视域下大学生法治意识培养模式研究

新时代我国实施全面依法治国方略,高等教育的重要一环是培养大学生法治意识。然而,当前大学生法治意识培养存在的问题和挑战也日益凸显,需要进行深入研究和解决。探讨全面依法治国视域下的大学生法治意识培养模式,并对该模式进行实践与效果评估,探索可行的培养方法,有助于为高校法治教育提供科学有效的参考和借鉴。

行政违法行为检察监督的若干思考

党的十八届四中全会部署的改革任务之一是检察机关积极探索开展行政违法行为监督,行政违法行为检察监督是提升国家治理能力的重要方式,也是完善国家治理体系不可或缺的组成部分。目前,我国关于行政违法行为检察监督的理论研究与实践基础较少,尤其是理论研究部分尚存空白。基于此,文章以我国宪法对检察机关法律监督机关的属性定位为契入点,针对行政违法行为检察监督的内涵、依据以及原则展开全面论证分析,并结合当前行政违法行为检察监督工作开展的实际情况,全面总结行政违法行为检察监督的实践经验,重点找出实践中的问题与不足之处进行深入剖析,围绕监督刚性、问题发现机制、监督工作发展、监督范围、监督能力、监督质效等多个方面展开论述,并有针对性地提出相应的建议。

新时代高等学校内部规则治理的理念与路径——兼论一级法治与二级法治的关系

对于高等学校贯彻落实党的二十大精神而言,依法治校作为目标,事关全面依法治国的成败,作为方法,又事关高等教育高质量发展各项指标的达成。高等学校的依法治校有外部视角和内部视角两种语境,内部视角与外部视角之和就是法治的整体。作为高等学校内部的二级法治的基本进路是以一级法治作为参照系建构的,是一级法治的路径映射到校园。但是高等学校内部二级法治的三个不利因素决定了其实现过程更加艰难,如何克服这三个不利因素不仅仅是大学内部二级法治的核心,更是推进全面依法治国整体水平的核心。

以术为介:《韩非子》“养生-治国”思想探析

“养生-治国”思想是道家极富特色的政治理论,伴随着战国黄老思想的兴盛,对法家思想形成了深刻影响。学界对《韩非子》虽然在“养生”和“治国”思想上多有研究,且成果卓著,但对“养生”与“治国”思想的分途研究使得韩非思想的结构没有被整体凸显出来,进而造成在法、术、势相互关系上的争议。基于此,立足于韩非“养生-治国”的整体构架,采用结构分析的方法,可知韩非子秉持“以术为介”的治国方略,君主作为“养生”与“治国”的中介,实现“无为而治”要“借术以行法”。

论中国共产党在金融市场立法中的领导地位

中国共产党对于金融立法工作的领导地位在宏观层面主要表现为党的政策所提供的方向性指针,从而保障了我国金融市场法制的奠基,推进了金融立法的关键事项,并为金融市场法律体系的结构转换提供了政策依据。不仅如此,近年来党的意志在我国金融立法工作中的体现经历了从隐性到显性的转变趋势,这一显性化过程既反映在金融法律文本或官方立法文件之中,也反映在党政联合发文之中。回顾既往,党的领导原则在我国金融立法工作中的实效性体现,一方面是党通过顶层设计实现了对金融法律制度变迁的有效引导,另一方面则是党利用其独特的政治优势通过凝聚改革共识来降低金融法律制度变迁的社会成本。在新时代背景下,为完善党对金融立法工作的领导机制,有必要探索制度化、程序化、透明化的有效制度设计,在全面依法治国总目标下维持金融市场法治环境的稳定、高效和可预期。

习近平总书记教育重要论述是新时代教育事业发展经验的理论总结

习近平总书记教育重要论述是一个实践命题,也是一个理论命题,是对中国特色社会主义教育实践经验的理论升华,也是新时代中国教育事业改革创新的根本遵循。习近平总书记教育重要论述立足于马克思主义人的全面发展学说这一理论基石,运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的科学方法论,蕴含着中国教育发展的特殊经验,阐明了新时代教育理论的丰富内涵和精神实质,有着鲜明的理论属性。其中,“九个坚持”深刻揭示中国特色社会主义教育事业发展的规律,奠定了当代中国马克思主义教育理论的内核。习近平总书记教育重要论述,孕育于中国共产党领导教育的百年经验,立足于从教育大国迈向教育强国的历史新方位,发展于新时代教育强国建设的新征程,包含着一系列变革性实践要求。“坚持中国特色社会主义教育发展道路”,是对中华人民共和国成立以来教育事业和教育理论发展的统领性概括,是对中国教育改革创新提出的总要求。习近平总书记教育重要论述,在中国特色社会主义教育发展道路的实践中不断丰富理论内涵、彰显真理力量、扩展思想视域,是中国化时代化的马克思主义在教育领域的理论创造,代表着中国特色社会主义教育理论的新高度。

张謇法律思想及其实践

基于文献研究,提出张謇法律思想及其实践源自其人生积淀、中华优秀传统文化及当时社会现实影响。张謇法律思想及实践主要涉及君主立宪、民主共和、地方自治、经济法律等领域,对中国近代法律思想体系形成产生了重要影响。其重视国富民强、以民为本、公平正义及稳定有序的理念,可为当下中国特色社会主义法治建设提供有益借鉴。

从专业宪法教育走向公民通识教育

依法治国背景下,将专业宪法教育发展为公民通识教育,是顺应时代发展的必然趋势。这一转化不仅有助于在全社会范围内普及宪法知识,为法治国家建设奠定坚实的群众基础,而且能够培养学生的法治思维,增强学生的社会责任感和公民意识,推动社会主义核心价值观的传播,使其在日常学习生活中能够运用法律武器维护自身权益。此外,这一转变能够培养更多懂法并且具备广泛社会知识的复合型人才,满足法治建设对多元化、复合型人才的需求,为法治国家建设提供可靠的人才支撑。通过树立正确法治理念、差别化设定宪法教育、非法学专业学生设置宪法通识教育公共课程、加大宪法教育比重、加强宪法精神教育等,加强以宪法教育为核心的公民通识教育,推进依法治国、依宪治国的实施。

论坚持党对全面依法治国领导的理论内涵

坚持党对全面依法治国的领导在习近平法治思想中居于首要地位。其理论内涵可归纳为坚持党对全面依法治国的领导的定位论、方向论、本体论和方法论。在定位论上,坚持党对全面依法治国的领导在习近平法治思想、全面依法治国、中国特色社会主义法治体系建设和社会主义法治国家建设中居于根本性地位。在方向论上,坚持党对全面依法治国的领导在法治主体、法治价值和法治属性三个方面规制中国特色社会主义法治的发展方向。在本体论上,坚持党对全面依法治国的领导是中国特色社会主义法治道路的本质特征。在方法论上,坚持党对全面依法治国的领导体现在坚持把党的领导贯穿全面依法治国各方面全过程,坚持依法治国和依规治党有机统一,健全党的领导制度体系以增强党的领导能力和水平。