Administration与Government文化语义辨析及其翻译

本文分析了英语（尤其是美国英语）中administration与government的文化语义差异，认为administration的词义核心是“行政分芰”，将administration翻译为汉语的“政府”不够妥当，该词的恰当汉译为“行府”，而government的汉译是“政府”

Assessing performance of cross-administrative environment governance based on PSR model:An empirical analysis of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

As an effective environment governance tool,environment governance performance evaluation is an important content and method to promote the modernization of environment governance system and governance ability.The environmental pollution of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has typical cross-administrative characteristics.Based on the analysis of the major environmental pollution problems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,according to the international environment governance PSR model,a performance evaluation system that applies to the environment governance of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is established.Meanwhile,the principal component analysis method is applied to conduct an empirical analysis of the environmental governance panel data for the 13 major cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2016.The results show that most of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region attach great importance to reduction of emission and pollutants,continuously alleviating the stress of environmental governance.However,the overall improvement of the environment governance performance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has presented a polarization imbalance.There is a clear tendency for subjective biases in the implementation of environment governance and a lack of comprehensive and systematic governance.According to the environment governance performance evaluation result of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the cross-administrative regional environment governance should improve the environment governance performance evaluation system as soon as possible,strengthen the consistency of the environment governance objectives,and implement comprehensive and systematic governance for the regional environment.

Administrative Urbanization and City-making in Post-reform China: A Case Study of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia

In post-reform China, local governments, instead of the central state, have become major promoters of urbanization. Differing from the existing literature based on Western theories, this article argues that a localized perspective, ‘administrative urbanization', can provide a contextual explanation for the mechanism of urbanization in the reform era. The case study of Ordos indicates that new town construction, especially in the inland area, has become the main strategy for investment attraction and economic development. The local government has played a dominant role in this construction through a series of administrative measures, including avoidance of central state regulations, land leasing, high standard infrastructure construction, relocation policies and industrial attraction. This article also explores the issue of unsustainability in the new town, and identifies that underdeveloped industrialization, slow population agglomeration and real estate bubbles are primary threats to the sustainability of administrative urbanization.

Government Role in Fostering Emerging Technological Industries:A New Perspective for Industrial Policy Research

Mainstream industrial policy research cannot fully explain how government interventions have helped China’s mobile communications industry catch up with and overtake those of advanced nations.China’s mobile communications industry made breakthroughs in 3G,caught up with advanced nations in 4G,and gained a leadership position in 5G due to the implementation and improvement of a strategy of industrial competition that accommodates mainstream standards and prioritizes the mid-band spectrum based on the integrated“technology,standard and industry”deployment system and swift decision-making.The introduction of a perspective of a strategy of industrial competition may supplement industrial policy research in the following ways:First,when the concerted actions of numerous innovators are important for industrial competition performance,an effective strategy of industrial competition can be devised and overall coordinated by the government provided that is compatible with the catch-up development of emerging technological industries.Second,an industrial policy becomes effective when it is complementary with the strategic factors for long-term industrial performance such as the strategy of industrial competition and avoids serious disruptions to market-based mechanisms.

The E-Government in Local Governance and Its Contribution to the Regional Development: A Comparative Study

The purpose of this article is to designate the impact of the implementation of e-governance in municipalities and to suggest some proposals for further growth. More specific, in the first chapter, there is a theoretical approach of e-governance by presenting its definition and describing the current situation of the progression of e-governance to these municipalities. In the second chapter, it is presented a comparison between these municipalities about the implementation and progress of e-governance among them. Finally, in the third and last chapter, there are the conclusions and some proposals for future growth of e-governance to these municipalities.

The AHP-Based Assessment of Public Services With Respect to Different Groups of Customers of Polish Local Government

The situation of the contemporary economic systems is based on their ability to ensure optimal response to the customer needs. There are several important groups of clients, who may determine development processes and who are recipients of public services. They include： residents, entrepreneurs, tourists, and State Treasury. Local governments are equipped with a range of legal instruments to provide public services addressed to the selected clients. The objective of this paper is to present the application of the AHP method to assess the significance of the selected categories of public services for different groups of clients in Poland. The results allow setting priorities for future policy and adjust the tasks to the specific expectations of each group of clients. The model of assessment of public services was built using the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. Since the 1970＇s, this multicriteria decision-support method has been used by researchers and practitioners in many areas of socioeconomic life. The case study presented in this paper involved 14 experts--public administration workers in one of the districts in Southern Poland. The survey consisted of two stages. First, they assessed--using the AHP--the influence of each group of customers on local development processes. The most important was ＂business＂ （priority 38.7%）, followed by ＂tourists＂ （29.7%）, ＂citizens＂ （26.1%）, and ＂central administration＂ （5.5%）. Second, they evaluated at the five-point Liken scale the influence of over 20 different public services with respect to different groups of clients. The results were aggregated using arithmetic mean and multiplied by the priorities of the clients. The synthesized final score indicated the most significant public activities overall, which were ＂roads＂ （4.16）, ＂transport＂ （3.93）, and ＂tourism＂ （3.84）.

Decision-Making Process in Japanese Board Room. Audit ＆ Supervisory Board as a Source of Information to Outside Board Members： A Systematic Review

I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found 18 peer-reviewed publications in a time span between 2000 and 2016 that described the asymmetry of information between the insider group of board directors （including the CEO） and the outside board members. Our fmdings show that for the course of more than a decade, despite all changes and reforms, the role of board directors, whether insiders or outsiders, is still supplementary. They are treated more as advisors than active part in the decision-making process. We reveal different insider sources of information as forming social ties with the CEO and/or inside board directors and collaboration with Audit ＆ Supervisory Board （Kansayaku）, which can help reduce this asymmetry and improve the decision-making process. We assume that it will be easier for the outsiders to establish contacts and form social ties with the Audit ＆ Supervisory Board members because of their unspoken lower status and thus to obtain more information about the company internal affairs and discussions that take place during the informal meetings, where only insiders （including the CEO） are present.

Studies on Administrative Service Standards System Construction and Application in Tai’An

This paper studies the administrative service standards system construction and application in Tai＇An, China＇s first administrative service standardization demonstration city, proposes a new way for local government to strengthen self-improvement and elevate the public satisfacton level, and provides important technical support for service-oriented governmental administration mode explorations.

Formalizing Land Administration through E-Governance Mechanism in Sri Lanka

This paper proposes a comprehensive and practical approach to implement a land administration act in Sri Lanka followed by setting up a Land Administration Commission (LAC), which is a separate entity to maintain a Land Administration Database Management System in support of the land information collected and maintained by stakeholders who deal with matters related to land and its decision-making under e-governance concept. Also, It describes the operations of the four core functions: land tenure, land valuation, land use, and land development in land administration under a single sustainable national land policy, underpinned by spatial information under the e-Governance mechanism. Further, the paper identifies the stakeholders and their main responsibilities in each of the four core functions with the current issues in sharing information across stakeholders. Finally, the paper describes setting up a Land administration entity thereby empowering the LAC and introduces spatial information layers at different resolution levels in a centralized land administration spatial database to keep track of all land transactions carried out by each stakeholder. This approach will enable the top-level decision-making authority (the central level) to manage all land-related activities under one platform to contribute towards the sustainable land development of the country. It is proposed to implement this approach as a pilot activity in the district of Colombo and expand it in the entire country gradually with its output.

基于作者共被引的公共行政研究状况图谱分析——以《Public Administration Review》为研究对象

一门学科的发展离不开优秀专家学者的倾力支持,在公共行政学的形成和发展过程中,同样有一批优秀的公共行政学者推动了公共行政不同分支领域的衍生与发展。运用作者共被引和信息可视化方法,对权威期刊《公共行政评论》(Public Administration Review)于1975—2008年间发表的论文引文中被引频次前50名的学者进行分析。研究结果展现了公共行政领域的主要学术流派,并验证了公共行政研究确实是在沿着范式转移的轨迹更迭交替着。而这种变迁是相对的,大部分时间内,不同范式之间以及和其他学术流派之间是共存、互动甚至交融的。研究还发现,网络化治理正凭借其多中心和网络化的组织基础以及服务治理的先进理念迅速崛起,它将成为公共行政新的研究范式,而基于网络理论的公共行政理论大整合也将很有可能成为公共行政未来的研究热点。此外,实证结果与公共行政范式分类的高度相似性也充分表明了作者共被引和信息可视化方法的科学和有效,它的确为学科范式研究提供了一条定量研究的新思路和一个宏观分析的新视角。

“administration”的三大翻译之争

"administration"是一个用法极广、含义丰富的词汇,通常被翻译为"政府"、"管理"、"行政"等意思。本文主要围绕"administration"与"government"、"management"、"executive"等三词的翻译冲突,并较详细地探讨了它们之间的语义及语用区别。

The gap report of global climate change mitigation, finance, and governance after the United States declared its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement

On 1 June 2017, the US President Donald Trump officially announced the withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, thus the study on the reasons of withdrawal, the potential impacts, and coping strategies has become a focus among policy circles and of the international community. Based on the self-developed US Policy Assessment Model, this paper systematically evaluates the three potential ＂major deficits＂ in terms of mitigation, climate finance, and global climate governance, as a result of the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and puts forward policy suggestions for coping with such transformations accordingly. The study shows that the United States ＇withdrawal from the Paris Agreement will affect the existence and implementation of successive climate policies and result in an additional 8.8-13.4% increase in the global emissions reduction deficit. The United States＇ withdrawal will also deteriorate the existing climate finance mechanism. The Green Climate Fund （GCF）＇s funding gap will increase by USS2 billion, while the gap of long-term climate finance will increase by about USS5 billion a year. Either the China-EU or the ＂BASIC plus＂ mechanism could fill the governance deficit caused by the United States and the lack of political momentum may continue for a while in the future.

Forest protected area governance in Bangladesh:a focus on the legal and policy framework

In the context of renewed interest in collaboration in natural resource management,the collaborative governance approach has lately been introduced to the forest Protected Areas(PAs)in Bangladesh.The adoption of this co-management approach is seen as an attempt to influence the governance process towards a transformation from the conventional custodian system to a more participatory management regime.Recognition of rights and responsibilities,effective participation,and equitable distribution of benefits amongst the key stakeholders working under a facilitative policy and legal framework are believed to address the broader goals of sustainable development Notwithstanding the resurgence of interest in governance of forest PAs through the co-management approach,academic research on the subject remains limited.This article attempts to review selected key information and milestones on the forest PAs governance with special reference to the major policies and legal documents.With a brief introductory section,this article focuses on the genesis and selected major features of the Forest PAs in the country.The discussion then dwells on the policy and legal framework and provides a critique on its relevance for promoting community participation.The existing institutional arrangements for community engagement in protected area governance are also analyzed in light of the national and international commitment and policy obligations on the part of the country.The salient observations and key findings of the study include the following:(1)despite its limitations,comanagement as concept and practice has gradually taken roots in Bangladesh;(2)the degree and level of active community participation remain low and limited,and there is also clear weakness in conscientizing and orientating the local community on the key legal and policy issues related to PA governance in the country;and(3)policy makers,practitioners,and other local stakeholders related to PA governance need to be oriented on international commitment and national development strategies.The study calls for systematic focus on regular research on the performance of co-management in the country,and efforts towards improving the implementation mechanisms in the field.

Administrative Hierarchy,Government Favoritism and Size Growth of Cities

Based on the significant difference of China’s cities at different(administrative)hierarchical levels in population growth over the past three decades,this study explains the influence of urban development policies(industrial policies and land policies)on the gap in urban population growth from the perspective of government favoritism.Taking 423 cities during 1990-2015 as samples,this paper selects two indicators,setting up national development zones and turning counties into districts,to represent government favoritism and applies the PSM-DID method.The empirical result shows government favoritism in setting up national development zones and turning counties into districts is conducive to urban population growth and helps generate synergy effects of industrial and land policies.Market potential of cities is an important condition for the effect of government favoritism.The result fi nds that government favors higher-level cities and coastal ones,but overlooks inland medium-and low-level cities,resulting in the shallow U-shaped characteristics of“higher on both ends and lower in the middle”in population growth of cities at different levels.In order to prevent inland medium-and low-level cities from“collapsing”relatively,the government should break its favoritism for high-level cities,transform industrial and land policies from“preference system”to“generalized system of preference”,and put greater favor of inland medium-and low-level cities with certain market potential.

Political Administration through the Network from the Perspective of Public Govemance

Political administration through the network is a positive response of the governmental governance model to the information age from the perspective of public governance. Political administration through the network means that public governance appears on the Internet and the government generates an interactive and interdependent relationship with the society and the public, for the ultimate purpose of archiving the public governance. In this paper, on the basis of public governance theory, the important significance and positive effect of the political administration through the network is shown by combining with the governmental governance model change in the information age.

政府合同概念的体系化重构

现有政府合同管理规范对政府合同的内涵和外延进行了界定,但学理意义上的概念构造尚未完成,“政府合同=行政协议+缔结主体一方为行政机关的民事合同”之结论存在缺陷。通过把合同还原为通用于各部门法的中性工具,将政府合同的研究视角从救济前移至行政过程,政府合同的识别标准被调整为“行政机关与任何主体订立的合同均为政府合同”。以行政任务为出发点,可将政府合同区分为公务型政府合同和管理型政府合同,公务型政府合同可被进一步区分为内部公务型政府合同与外部公务型政府合同。以救济途径为落脚点,可以将政府合同区分为行政协定与非行政协定,非行政协定可被进一步区分为行政协议、民事合同、磋商性文件和劳动人事协议,其中,民事合同和行政协议属于狭义政府合同。将两条基于不同场景的体系化路径进行对接与融合,有助于形成对政府合同概念相对立体的认知,动态还原政府合同概念的全貌。

我国行政体制的现状、变化与改革

我国采用网状行政体制,虽然推进了多种类型改革措施,均未解决体制存在的部门分割和信息壁垒问题。数字时代,随着案卷材料等数据化,数据成为重要行政资源。数字治理未改变科层级体制,但促进了平台型、整体型、多元共治型行政体制的形成和发展,数据共享及业务协同促成了行政活动中的线型行政体制。数字时代须改革科层制行政体制,减少管理层级,建立扁平化、线型行政体制。行政体制改革的重点是纵向不同层级政府间事权差异化配置,推行“省直管县”改革和“设区的市”与市辖区一级管理体制。数字时代行政机关之间的协助、配合成为常态,跨部门全面综合行政执法体制已无必要,不同部门、层级、地区协调、配合的全国一体化行政执法体制成为必然。宜将各类行政登记职责上升为中央事权,国家成立统一登记机构集中办理居民身份、婚姻、工商、不动产等登记事项。

高校学术权力的异化表征与归正路径

学术权力既是高校办学自主权的重要内容,也是大学组织的基础权力。然而,当前我国高校学术权力的异化现象较为严重,这种异化的负向力量会降低公众对于学术权力的心理预期,进而影响高校治学管理和学术研究顺利运行。高校学术权力异化主要表现在高校学术权力主体异化、高校学术权力活动异化、高校学术权力配置异化及高校学术权力监督异化等方面,高校学术主体道德失范、政府过多干预高校学术管理、高校学术权力行政化色彩和高校学术权力法律地位缺乏独立是造成高校学术权力异化的主要归因。回归高校学术权力的本真要义,应进一步规范高校学术权力主体行为、明确高校学术权力运行规则、协调高校“学术”与“行政”权力关系及健全高校学术权力监督机制。

智慧教育背景下高等教育管理变革探究

教育随着时代的发展、技术的进步而变革和发展。随着数字化技术的发展,教育开始进入智慧教育阶段。智慧教育包括相互融通的学习场景、灵活多元的学习方式和富有弹性的组织管理,是数字化时代教育的新形态。若要有效推进智慧教育,必须实现高等教育管理的转型变革。智慧教育背景下,高等教育管理要创新教育管理观念,重视数字思维、适需服务和人机协同;拓展教育管理内涵,重视数据治理、环境再造和制度设计;完善教育管理的组织结构,不仅要创建矩阵型组织结构,还要将项目组作为新的治理单元,并建立数字化管理机构。

我国高校院系治理的演进、困境与进路探赜

院系治理是大学治理能否实现现代化的关键。在协调党政关系主基调下,我国高校院系治理大致历经了“探索初创期”、“调适定型期”和“提质增效期”等三个演进阶段。当前,我国院系治理面临领导体制不健全、制度体系不完备、运行机制不通畅、治理主体权责失衡、党组织功能“悬浮化”等瓶颈和困境。推动院系治理现代化,应在遮蔽与澄清、守正与创新的动态调适中科学规避“制度移植陷阱”,创造性地推进党委领导下的校长负责制向院系层面的制度移植。在实践中,明晰院系党政共同领导下的分工负责制、完善党政联席会议制度、构建党政学协商共治模式、充分发挥党组织功能作用,是加快推进院系治理现代化的应然路径。