A Survey of Learning Motivation among Junior and Senior English Majors in Non-governmental Universities——A Case Study in Ningbo Dahongying University

Motivation is an important factor to English learning,it plays an important role.In this thesis,the instrument used in the study is a questionnaire,and this thesis was conducted on December 5th,2016 at Ningbo Dahongying University involving 182 students.Based on the questionnaire investigation,this thesis discusses the learning motivation of English major juniors and seniors in Ningbo Dahongying University from the motivation types,factors and strategies.

Trust and Structural Response to Natural Disaster： Some Implications to Government Reform

The Philippine government is a representative democracy. It has three co-equal branches of government namely the executive, legislative, and judicial, operating on the principle of check and balance. Issues that had riddled top officials of government remained unresolved hitherto; and, the local government units had their own lingering issues. The government structure therefore did not seem to have the mechanism to correct itself. This paper argues that responses to, as well as the ensuing conditions of the survivors of natural disasters, are affected by how much trust the incumbents of relevant government structures have of each other and that actors outside of the government hierarchy can offer avenues for reform. Tropical Storm Washi that hit Cagayan de Oro City could be a case in point. It left thousands of people dead or missing, millions of dollars in damages, and thousands of internally displaced persons （IDPs）. The local government, tasked by the local government code to handle matters related to social welfare, did not seem to have performed as expected. In an apparent lack of trust, donor agencies preferred to course cash and relief items through conduits others than the local government. While the system remained unable to correct itself, the victims of the disaster continued to suffer. Civil society organizations and non-government organizations were trying to re-establish people’s trust in the system through legal measures, and hope that electoral reforms could be instituted.

The Coordinated Development of University Autonomy and Government Intervention

University autonomy and government intervention are a pair of basic contradictions in the external relationship of higher education.Strategies of the Coordinated Development of University Autonomy and Government Intervention as follow:balance autonomy and intervention under the premise of public justice;establish a multi-centric co-governance with mutual restriction to realize good governance;modernize the governance capacity of universities with the rule of law as the core;build trust mechanism based on social choice by combining self-discipline with heteronomy.Only in this way,can we coordinate the development of university autonomy and government intervention.

Research on the Relationship between the School-Running Characteristics of Private Colleges and Universities and the Development Objectives of the Government

The development objectives of the Chinese government have a guiding effect on the school-running characteristics of private colleges and universities.This paper explores the relationship between the characteristics of private colleges and universities and the development objectives of the provincial government,using Jiangsu Province as a case study.All the schools have the consciousness of fully considering the development objectives of Jiangsu Province when formulating the school-running characteristics.Their characteristics all contain some training methods,training courses,or institutional construction aiming at the development objectives.Most universities can support the government’s objectives on employment and innovation.Only a third of the schools provide government support for science research.Private colleges and universities should make full use of the free and flexible advantages of private education,combine them with the continuous changes of policies and markets,and create clear,scientific,and dynamic school-running characteristics,in order to achieve long-term development.

Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University Cooperative Innovation Network of Electronic Information Industry in Liaoning Province, China

It is important to optimize the cooperative innovation network for the improvement of economic competence and innovative power. Based on the patent information services platform, we obtain invention patent data for the electronic information industry in Liaoning from 1985 to 2015. This paper analyzes the cooperative innovation network structure, its spatiotemporal evolution and the triple helix relationship of government-industry-university(GIU) by using the social network analysis method and the triple helix theory as well as UCINet, ArcGIS and NetDraw. The empirical results show that: 1) the number of the subjects of the electronic information industry GIU cooperative innovation network in Liaoning demonstrates a gradual increase from 1985 to 2015, with the same trend in concentration. In terms of its subject and its centrality, the universities have a higher position, and the industries have a lower position,while the status of the government is still unclear. 2) The cooperative innovation network presents a core-periphery structure, and the polarization effect of innovation subjects tends to be obvious. There is certain distance-decay regularity in the cooperative innovation network, and a strong geographical proximity to cooperative innovation. 3) The compactness shows a downward trend as a whole. In terms of the extent of participation, the industries are better than the government but worse than the universities. This means that the cooperative innovation network of GIU in the electronic information industry in Liaoning is in the initial stage of formation.

Government Management Innovation in the Age of Big Data

Both opportunities and challenges are currently faced by government management innovation in the age of ＂big data＂. Traditionally, relative studies view the management of governments as the effective means to improve governmental services, without really understanding the structural influence of big data and network technology on governmental mode of thinking. Against such backdrop, this paper tries to conduct critical analysis based upon traditional outcomes in this regard, trying to make full use of the function of big data technology. With these efforts, this paper contributes to the building of an interaction theory that could promote transparency of information and customization and segmentation of the policies. By constructing a mode in which management could be carried out based on the law of big data, by building an information management system in which balance could be achieved between responsibility and freedom, by promoting the rebalancing among public power, online civil society and civil rights, the innovation of governmental management would be achieved.

The Relationship between Government on One Side and the Market and Society on the Other in China’s Agricultural and Rural Development:An Analytical Framework

The integrated development of urban and rural areas requires that the government take responsibility for the overall development of the countryside. Chinese agricultural and rural policies characterized by state intervention and government leadership have played an important role in promoting agricultural development and increasing farmers’ incomes as well as balancing development in urban and rural areas. However, the effectiveness of current agricultural policies in promoting agricultural productivity is now clearly leveling off. Given this situation, the authors argue that it is imperative to construct a new analytical framework featuring government regulation and guidance of agricultural and rural development. In this framework, the government must clearly define the boundaries between its activities and those of the market and rural social organizations. While fully respecting the fundamental role of the market in allocation of resources and rural self-management, the government should exercise its power as a backstop. Further, the government needs to establish a logical sequence for government functions such as formulating the basic operating system of the market and society, correcting market failure and social dysfunction and cultivating market/social entities. To use this new analytical framework to strengthen and improve its regulation and guidance of agricultural and rural development, the government needs to reform the basic rural management and agricultural support and protection systems and to pay attention to the cultivation of market entities in agricultural production on the basis of agricultural marketization. Furthermore, it needs to construct a basic urban-rural integrated public service system with the government as the leading actor, carry out innovations in the management system of rural society and fully mobilize the social forces to take part in the administration of public affairs. It also needs to reconstruct the system of government administration and management to ensure the thorough implementation of agricultural and rural development policies.

Revisiting the Spirit of the UDHR and Discussing Human Rights Development——Summary of Views from the Seminar Commemorating the 75th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

On December 4,2023,the China Society for Human Rights Studies hosted a seminar in Beijing commemorating the 75^(th) Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Participants discussed topics such as the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,China’s theories and practices in respecting and safeguarding human rights,the three global initiatives and global human rights governance,human rights protection in the digital age,and telling Chinese stories of human rights in the new era.The discussions led to a broad consensus and achieved positive results.

Universal Health Coverage in Somalia: Charting the Path to Equitable Healthcare Financing and Governance

Somalia is a country facing numerous challenges in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and ensuring adequate healthcare financing, This article explores the complexities and obstacles that Somalia must overcome in its pursuit of UHC, the paper begins by providing an overview of the current healthcare landscape in Somalia, highlighting the lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources that hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. It then examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while emphasizing the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. Drawing on a range of data sources and case studies, the article proposes a multi-faceted approach to strengthen healthcare governance, improve resource allocation, and foster local capacity building, the study delves into the unique obstacles that Somalia faces, including a lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources, which hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. The paper also examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while highlighting the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. The findings underscore the importance of political commitment, international cooperation, and innovative financing mechanisms in advancing towards UHC in Somalia, providing valuable insights for other low resource, conflict affected settings.

Human Rights NGOs and the United Nations Human Rights Council——Participation by the China Society for Human Rights Studies in the Universal Periodic Review Mechanism

Since its founding in 1993, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS） has extensively participated inthe human rights work of the United Nations （UN） and has actively carried out international exchange and cooperation. In May 2012, the UN Human Rights Council （UNHRC） initiated the second round of country reviews on human rights.

人工智能赋能大学治理:多重效应与治理效能转化

当人工智能与大学治理相遇后,数字化不仅成为提升大学治理能力和治理水平现代化的客观要求,还成为推进大学治理创新和制度变迁的重要途径。根据大学制度的层级结构、治理结构的复杂性程度以及治理事项的数字化程度,建构制度嵌入下人工智能技术赋能大学治理的解释模型,并借此模型着重分析人工智能技术对大学治理影响的多重效应及其治理效能转化机制/过程。研究发现,在制度嵌入和人工智能技术的共同影响下,现代大学治理随着大学制度外显性的不断加强而愈显复杂,在此渐进过程中,人工智能技术的影响力和渗透力也就愈加微弱,由此产生了人工智能技术对大学治理影响的多重效应及其治理效能的不同转化和提升机制:大学治理结构的复杂性程度越低,大学制度的层级结构越低,治理领域可数字化的程度就越高,人工智能技术对大学治理的积极效应越显著,大学具体制度得以更迭的可能性越大,也就愈容易借助“技术—制度”协同机制将中国特色现代大学的制度优势转化为治理效能;大学治理结构的复杂化程度越高,大学制度的层级结构越高,治理领域可数字化的程度越低,人工智能技术对大学治理的抑制效应越明显,其所依靠的(部分)基本制度和基础制度被替代/更迭的速度越慢,而被同化的可能性越大,也就越容易走上模仿西方大学制度建设的路径依赖。为此,一方面,要注重人工智能技术对大学治理的积极效应,充分发挥人工智能技术对于大学常规性治理、(部分)决策性治理的积极作用,通过大学具体制度和基本制度的不断健全和完善,推动现代大学制度的标准化建设和精细化发展;另一方面,要警惕人工智能技术对大学治理带来的潜在危险,充分考虑现代大学的组织特性,避免过度技术化而导致大学治理中技术应用的无限拓展和无序泛化。

城镇化快速推进背景下新乡村的空间分化及其治理转向

进入新时代以来,城市化的持续扩张和国家乡村振兴战略的积极推进极大地促进了乡村传统物理空间的迭代更新、传统社会空间的现代性转变以及新型数字空间的全面建设。在城镇化发展较为突出的新乡村,乡村社会从静态稳定的空间状态向流动易变的多维空间复合体迅速转型。基于此事实,为了回应时代发展要求,科学建构与乡村社会发展水平相适应的空间治理范式,有必要深入分析城镇化快速推进地区乡村社会在现代化进程中所展现出来的空间机制和空间变化过程,充分揭示其衍生的多维空间张力,从而为新乡村社会空间治理实践提供理论基础。新乡村社会空间治理须注重乡村社会的多维空间特性及其治理的空间内涵,将乡村空间视为重要的实践对象和治理资源,重视空间正义,尊重村民主体性,科学整合多重空间资源,进而推动乡村社会从静态的“空间中治理”到动态的“空间治理”的治理转向。

我国城市更新规划的演进与转型——基于“政府—市场—社会”关系分析框架

政府、市场与社会的关系决定城市更新的策略与走向。借鉴“政府—市场—社会”关系分析框架,以北上广深为例,梳理我国特大城市自21世纪以来城市更新的变迁,阐述其规划响应策略。针对近年来我国城市更新规划策略的转向,分析我国宏观社会经济环境的变化,并就城市更新中的“政府—市场—社会”关系进行解读,随后对城市更新中的战略转向进行探讨。

电化教育实践建立“政产学研用”协同发展机制

从电化教育专业创建发展的实践中,回顾电化教育发展的历程,用系统科学协同论观点,建立“政产学研用”协同发展机制,即政——事物的管理系统;产——事物的产业系统;学——事物的学科教学系统;研——事物的科研系统;用——事物的事业系统。该机制可以促进教育技术学科发展,同时对中国式现代化建设与发展有重大作用。

新时代我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革的几点思考

为更好适应新时代社会主要矛盾变化,建构我国竞技体育发展新格局,采用文献资料法和访谈法对我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革问题进行分析。认为,我国竞技体育发展中强政府、弱社会的发展惯性仍需进一步打破,社会自组织的发展能力有待提高,政府管理的角色和职能亟需转变。新时代我国竞技体育发展需重视政社关系改革,从强政府、弱社会转变为强政府、大社会发展格局,政府引导社会力量有序发展,并与社会力量合作构建多元治理机制。具体包括:深化“放管服”改革,竞技体育“举国体制”继续做减法;社会力量加强自身建设,在更多领域发挥更大作用;依据经济发展的阶段性特征,有针对性地扶持社会力量成长;根据参与类别,对社会力量发展提供差异化的帮扶;做好市场监管,引导、规范社会力量成长;积极推进政府元治理、行业自治和多元共治。

民办高校如何加强党的领导和建设——兼谈民办高校治理和大学文化建设

党的领导和党的建设是民办高校优化提升内部治理体系和治理能力的最核心、最关键的问题。不同于公办高校实行党委领导下的校长负责制,民办高校实行的是董事会依据大学章程进行办学和管理、坚持党的领导和依法治校有机统一的制度。民办高校党委要行使两大职能:一是发挥政治核心作用,包括加强和改进思想政治教育及立德树人的工作;二是要执行政府对民办高校的督导功能,督促学校依法办学,规范管理,切实维护民办高校的和谐稳定。同时,民办高校在发展过程中,尤其要注重完善内部治理模式,加强大学文化和大学精神建设,找准定位、依法办学、特色强校、文化聚人,走个性化、特色化办学之路,从而为中国教育事业的发展作出杰出贡献。

纵横协同:新乡贤文化建设的双重路径

新乡贤文化是由传统乡贤文化创造性转化、创新性发展而来的新型文化形态,以其独特作用助推乡村全面振兴。政府和社会是新乡贤文化建设的两种力量,并以此形成了政府主导式建设路径和社会主动式建设路径。政府主导式建设路径以做好顶层设计、整合各种资源、注重授权赋能为主要抓手,通过行政纵向推动力量引领新乡贤文化建设;社会主动式建设路径则以乡村内生力量、特色化的优势资源和参与式行动为依托,通过内生横向协商方式践行新乡贤文化建设。双重建设路径虽共存于乡村场域,但二者属性不同,需通过纵横协同形成新乡贤文化建设的强大合力,使新乡贤文化建设更具持续性和实效性。习近平文化思想为双重路径的纵横协同提供了强大思想武器和科学行动指南,双重建设路径应顺应时代新要求,遵循互嵌互融逻辑,在互动-嵌入-融合中实现纵横协同,共同服务于新乡贤文化建设。

Networking for Monument Preservation in China:Ernst Boerschmann and the National Government in 1934

1931年.中国营造学社的创始人朱启钤,接纳恩斯特·鲍希曼成为学社的一员。1934年,鲍希曼在南京与联合政府的一些成员讨论到古迹保护的问题。鲍希曼就这个主题做了记录.并通过滕固将之带入讨论.滕固是一位就职于南京共和政府的、有德国教育背景的艺术史家。鲍希曼还为两座古迹的保护准备了提案——南京附近的梁墓和西安附近的善导塔。1934年,他与作为建筑师和艺术史家的夏昌世一起游历了中国。在北京,鲍希曼遇到了朱启钤和建筑历史学家梁思成和刘敦桢。他称赞他们的工作,并提出合作研究的希望.但此愿最终抱憾。在与同济大学校长翁之龙的讨论中,鲍希曼提出建筑教育的建立应注重历史古迹的记录。1937年.在鲍希曼回到德国之后,南京联合政府授予他一枚玉勋章,以感谢他在中国建筑记录方面的终身成就。1937年中日战争爆发之后.所有的田野调查都中断了,恩斯特·鲍希曼在德国致力于已收集资料的研究,未与中国同行进行直接交流。

大学治理能力现代化:支撑要素、建设理念与路径选择

大学治理能力现代化是大学治理现代化的重要维度和显著标识。从大学建设与改革的整体运行逻辑上看,大学治理能力可以进一步细分为顶层设计能力、资源调配能力、行动执行能力、政策驾驭能力等关键支撑性要素。大学治理能力现代化建设需要遵循“人本”“系统”“精细”等基本理念和底层逻辑,着力提升治本能力、治标能力、精细化治理能力和共同体价值整合能力。

政策激活自治:农村公共品有效供给的实践路径——以人居环境整治为例

在农村公共品供给中,一些村庄在政策的牵引下,动员村庄精英和普通村民积极参与公共品供给的民主实践,从而激活了村庄潜在的治理能力,实现了公共品的有效供给。这种现象可称之为“政策激活自治”。公共品供给政策的灵活性、以村干部为核心的组织动员能力以及以小组为单位的内生性治理能力构成了政策激活自治的政策、组织和社会基础。基于公共品分类的视角可发现,政策的牵引效应主要作用于与农民关系紧密、投入较少的建设项目上,而对与农民关系松散、投入较多的公共项目作用有限。政策激活自治的存在,启发我们在公共品供给中掌握政策统一性和灵活性的平衡,区分不同项目与农民的利益链接,通过适当的政策激发村民参与的积极性。