Improving Land Governance in Nigeria:The Case of Compulsory Acquisition and Compensation Practice

This paper examines land policies on acquisition and compensation practice in Nigeria with the aim of minimizing conflicts in land acquisition and compensation.It further explains the implications of uncoordinated land allocations arising from informal transactions.The paper used self-administered questionnaires on all the fifteen(15)registered estate firms in the 2009 NIESV Directory in Benin City,Edo state to obtain information that helped to determine the fairness of compensation practice and causes of conflict in some communities in the state.The paper revealed that the compensation on acquired landed properties in Nigeria violated the principles of good governance as against what is obtainable in advanced countries.It also observed that inadequacy of compensation paid and delay in payment are the causes of conflict between the acquiring authorities and the affected community/people.The paper concluded that a review of land policies on acquisition and compensation will be a panacea for achieving the principles of good governance.

Evolution and Governance of the Structure of Marine Economic Networks in China’s Coastal Areas: Based on Sea-related A-share Listed Companies

Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.

GDI and GSI: China’s New Propositions for Global Governance

In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.

Model test of negative Poisson’s ratio cable for supporting super-largespan tunnel using excavation compensation method

In recent years,there is a scenario in urban tunnel constructions to build super-large-span tunnels for traffic diversion and route optimization purposes.However,the increased size makes tunnel support more difficult.Unfortunately,there are few studies on the failure and support mechanism of the surrounding rocks in the excavation of supported tunnel,while most model tests of super-large-span tunnels focus on the failure characteristics of surrounding rocks in tunnel excavation without supports.Based on excavation compensation method(ECM),model tests of a super-large-span tunnel excavation by different anchor cable support methods in the initial support stage were carried out.The results indicate that during excavation of super-large-span tunnel,the stress and displacement of the shallow surrounding rocks decrease,following a step-shape pattern,and the tunnel failure is mainly concentrated on the vault and spandrel areas.Compared with conventional anchor cable supports,the NPR(negative Poisson’s ratio)anchor cable support is more suitable for the initial support stage of the super-large-span tunnels.The tunnel support theory,model test materials,methods,and the results obtained in this study could provide references for study of similar super-large-span tunnels。

Ocean ecological compensation mechanism in Liaoning area from the angle of ecological civilization——based on analysis of Dalian's cooperative governance

How to speed up the establishment of marine ecological compensation and the ecological compensation system is inevitable choice from ocean country to marine power.Therefore,construction of marine ecological compensation mechanism is the effective means which incentives marine ecosystem services supply,improves the quality of marine ecology,and promotes the ocean to the green transformation.Combined with Dalian maritime case study in Liaoning Province,three dimensional interactive marine ecological compensation mechanism,the compensation frame work,path and operation mechanism were built up.Suggestions on accelerating the legislation process;perfecting the management system;establishing proper system for both incentive constraint and reward-punishment;increasing the source of Ocean Ecological Compensation funds;accelerating On the study of the Ocean Ecological Compensation Mechanism in Liaoning Area from the Angl-e of Ecological Civilization Based on Case Analysis of Dalian.

ESG表现对制造业企业绿色低碳转型的影响研究

选取我国2012-2020年沪深A股制造业上市公司为样本,探究企业高ESG表现能否促进其绿色低碳转型。研究表明,企业高ESG表现促进其绿色低碳转型;企业高ESG表现显著缓解其融资约束、增加政府环保补助,从而加速企业绿色低碳转型;企业管理层薪酬越高,ESG表现对企业绿色低碳转型的促进作用越强;企业数字化程度在ESG表现促进企业绿色成果产出中起正向调节作用。

Study on Ecological Compensation Policy among the Micro Subjects on Water Energy Resources Development

The subjects of ecological compensation involve the nation, society, development enterprises of wa-ter-energy resources, as well as the location of resource itself. This paper systematically studies on how to make “water energy sources market compensation policy”, “the economic compensation policy for relevant interest subjects” and “the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water.” So, it is necessary to exert the complementary function between market compensation and government compensation by the means of economic compensation and to establish the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water, which is beneficial to coordinating the stakeholders’ interests of cross-region or inter-basin. And it is important and significant to establish constantly perfected ecological compensation policy among the micro subjects on water energy resources development, so as to coordinate interest relationships among various subjects and finally reach the aim of sustainable use of water energy resources and environmental protection as possible.

Analysis and Control of S/SP Compensation Contactless Resonant Converters

非接触谐振变换器的补偿方式直接影响到系统的增益特性和控制特性，是非接触能量传输技术的研究重点之一。考虑到非接触应用场合中的变参数特性，论文提出了一种可适应负载及变压器参数变化的新型的串／串并（series／seriesparallel，S／SP）补偿拓扑。该补偿拓扑具有增益交点处输入相角为零，且增益交点值固定不随变压器耦合系数而改变的优点。论文对该新型补偿拓扑进行了特性分析；并针对其增益交点处输入相角为零以及增益交点处增益曲线相对平坦的优点，提出锁相环（phaselockloop，PLL）控制和恒频控制2种控制策略。采用所提出的补偿方式，设计了一台PLL控制60W的谐振变换器和一台1．5kW恒频控制的原理样机。实验结果与理论分析一致，验证了所提出的新型补偿方式的优点。1．5kW的样机在10cm气隙满载条件下效率达到95．2％。

High-frequency compensation for seismic data based on adaptive generalized S transform

The low-pass fi ltering eff ect of the Earth results in the absorption and attenuation of the high-frequency components of seismic signals by the stratum during propagation.Hence,seismic data have low resolution.Considering the limitations of traditional high-frequency compensation methods,this paper presents a new method based on adaptive generalized S transform.This method is based on the study of frequency spectrum attenuation law of seismic signals,and the Gauss window function of adaptive generalized S transform is used to fi t the attenuation trend of seismic signals to seek the optimal Gauss window function.The amplitude spectrum compensation function constructed using the optimal Gauss window function is used to modify the time-frequency spectrum of the adaptive generalized S transform of seismic signals and reconstruct seismic signals to compensate for high-frequency attenuation.Practical data processing results show that the method can compensate for the high-frequency components that are absorbed and attenuated by the stratum,thereby eff ectively improving the resolution and quality of seismic data.

The Impact of Government Supervision and Consumer Purchasing Behavior on Food Safety

This paper aims at the theoretical analysis to the impact of government supervision and consumer purchasing behavior on food quality security, so as to look for safety strategies and measures to strengthen and improve the level of food safety in China. Reputation mechanism is introduced and Bayesian approach is based on, in which government supervision as well as consumer purchasing behavior is taken as crucial factors to impact on the food quality security. As to the proposed quantitative indicators, government supervision includes exposure rate, fine and etc.;at the same time, consumer purchasing behavior includes consumer’s WTP for security food and consumer expectations to food safety. Taking China’s dairy industry as an example, it makes simulation by Netlog. The results show that consumer purchasing behavior alone has little effect on the dairy companies’ decision-making to be honest or counterfeiting enterprises. However, combination government supervision with purchasing behavior has great impact, and plays very good effects on food safety.

Government's Responsibility for Control of Agricultural Environmental Pollution in China

In this paper,the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution caused by the increase of chemicals input in agriculture in China was analyzed,and it is found that agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies,urban-rural economic structure,funds input in pollution control,comprehensive environmental management,laws of pollution control,and so forth. To control agricultural pollution effectively,it is needed to implement integration of agricultural and environmental policies,establish environmentally friendly agricultural technology popularizing system,implement integrated planning and management of a basin,and set up and improve legislation to protect agricultural environment.

Research Electricity Production Costs and External Compensation Mechanism

China's power enterprises are mainly dominated by thermal power, thermal power is the key industry of coal consumption, so the thermal power enterprises have a fundamental influence on the environment, and how to not affect the vital interests of power enterprises under the condition of power plant to increase the strength of governance is to solve the current problem of letter. On the basis of various types of power generation enterprise environmental cost of thermal power, hydropower, wind power and nuclear power pollutant treatment cost were described, through the analysis of emission control scheme and the cost compensation of pollutants, environmental governance cost model, using a actual plant data, calculation of various pollutants compensation cost of thermal power plant, and according to the thermal power and wind power for quantitative comparison before and after compensation.

The Effects of Gross vs.Net Asset Value-Based Managers’Compensation on REIT Capital Structure and Performance:Evidence From the Italian REIT Market

Investors should always argue about management fees because of their impact on net performance that can be substantial.This especially for investments,like real estate,which require intensive management.However,different from traditional mutual funds that are usually related to the gross value of the assets under management,but similar to other financial industry sectors(e.g.hedge funds and private equity funds),REIT managers’compensation structure typically provides a basically fixed payment based alternatively on gross asset value(GAV)or net asset value(NAV).In addition,managers usually also gain a performance fee.The paper analyses how the two alternative compensation schemes influence REITs’investment decisions and capital structure and,consequently,REITs’share value and performance.The final issue addressed is whether—and under which conditions—one compensation scheme is superior to the other.Due to the(usual)market price discount on NAVs,both fee structures incentivise managers to leverage—even in a tax-free environment—in order to maximize the management fees.However,the leverage motivation is stronger for GAV-based than for NAV-based REITs,which are also expected to be more selective in investment decisions.Overall,considering initial fee percentage,GAV-based REITs are expected to execute higher management fees than NAV-based REITs due to the relevant leverage effect.Moreover,debt recourse produces different effects on share value if measured upon market price or net asset value.The empirical analysis focuses on public Italian REITs(2002-2012).The results seem to support the theoretical expectations.GAV-based REITs experience higher debt trends and levels than NAV-based REITs.At the same time,GAV-based REITs register lower real estate asset returns gross and net of management fees for both current and growth yields.Differences in the returns lead to permanent higher performances over total return indexes of NAV-based REITs compared to GAV-based REITs.

Compensation Committee Quality and the Relationship between CEO Cash Compensation and Accounting Performance—Evidence From Taiwan

This paper examines the effect of compensation committee quality on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer(CEO)cash compensation and accounting earnings by using a sample of 1,247 publicly-traded Taiwan firms from 2009 to 2011.This paper finds that executive cash compensation is more positively associated with accounting earnings when firms have high compensation committee quality.Compensation committee quality is constructed by a multidimensional measure of compensation committee quality choosing from nine potential,individual measures of compensation committee quality.The results show that executive cash compensation is more positively associated with accounting earnings when firms with scholar directors,a higher proportion of senior directors,a higher proportion of directors who are CEOs of other firms sitting on their compensation committee,and a higher proportion of directors,appointed during the tenure of the incumbent CEO sitting on compensation committees.Findings in this paper imply that shareholders and directors should be concerned about the composition of compensation committees as this paper finds that compensation committee quality varies depending on individual director profession and other characteristics of the committee members.

Executive Compensation and Firm Performance in Japan： The Role of Keiretsu Memberships and Bank-Appointed Monitors＊

This paper examines the relations between the disciplinary role of Japanese relationship-oriented corporate governance mechanisms, such as keiretsu memberships and bank-appointed directors, and pay for performance sensitivity in Japan. Previous studies show that pay for performance sensitivity of Japanese executive compensation is positive and almost the same as in a market-oriented system like that of the United States of America （USA）. However, previous studies do not investigate how Japanese corporate governance mechanisms like financial keiretsu ties and bank-appointed directors affect pay for performance sensitivity. This paper finds that the disciplinary mechanism of keiretsu memberships and bank-appointed monitors did not function well in Japan in the 1990s.

On Russia's Government Shakeup

On March 23,1998,Russian President Boris Yeltsin stunned the nation by dis-missing the government of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin.Then henominated Mr.Sergei Kiriyenko,35,who had been OD the energy minister postfor only three months,for the new head of the cabinet.This immediately ignited afierce political war of a month long between the executive and the legislature draw-ing great concern from the international community.At the moment when

The Transformation of Environmental Governance from the Point of the Interaction between Government and National People's Congress

Taking cadmium pollution in X River as an example, the interaction between National People＇s Congress and local government was de- scribed. How the local government transforms its role in environment protection with the help of several deputies to National People＇s Congress was expounded from the angle of social construction, which also enlightened the way to build an environment protection road with Chinese characteristics.

The transformation of China＇s economic and government functions

The content of China＇s economic transformation is not single, and this article argues that it includes three parts. The first is the reform of economic system, the second is the change in the pattern of economic growth, and the third is the adjustment of economic structure. Government is the leading force of China＇s economic transformation, and repeated reform of government institutions has brought about some changes to government functions. But problems are obvious that lag changes of government functions have become an obstacle in China＇s economic transformation. This article describes the historical evolution and the reality of China＇s economic transformation, and analyzes the main reasons of lag changes in government functions, and reveals that the transformation of government functions is the key for successful transformation of China＇s economy.

On the Government's Responsibility in China's Rural Land Transfer

There is an urgent need for China's rural land transfer in order to develop modern agriculture,ensure food security,transfer rural population,and accelerate industrialization and urbanization.At present,there is still disordered transfer of rural land in China,making the interests of the transferors and transferees difficult to be effectively guaranteed;there is inefficient transfer,leading to decline in actual agricultural production level after transfer;there is jobless transfer,leading to difficult placement for rural surplus labor after transfer,seriously restricting rural land transfer.Therefore,the Chinese government's legal responsibility,economic responsibility and social responsibility in rural land transfer should be further strengthened.

The path and countermeasures of increasing government’s governance capacities in energy-saving renovation of existing buildings

The dual functions of government participation and governance in the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determine the importance of the government’s scientific and effective actions.Continuously improving the government’s role is to promote the effective operation of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.Based on the inherent requirements of improving the government governance capacity in the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market,this paper constructs the implementation path for the development of the existing building’s energy-saving renovation market from the three dimensions of practical concept,practical process and practical methods.From the four aspects of improving the legal and regulatory system,building a market information sharing platform,establishing a sound market supervision mechanism,and consolidating and improving the market accountability system,we will structure the existing building energysaving renovation market development to improve the government’s ability to restrain and implement measures.From the four levels of improving the market incentive mechanism,optimizing the market financing environment,clarifying the position of market resource allocation,and building a social operation platform,design measures to improve government incentives in the development of the existing building energy conservation renovation market.From the shaping of governance yuan organizational roles,governance capacity and responsibilities of departments at all levels to define boundaries,to build four main interactive platform governance perspective,the main parties demand balance the interests of both the governance capacity development planning in the government market,building energy-saving market to enhance the implementation of countermeasures.In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market based on the enhancement of government governance capacity.