Evolution and Governance of the Structure of Marine Economic Networks in China’s Coastal Areas: Based on Sea-related A-share Listed Companies

Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.

GDI and GSI: China’s New Propositions for Global Governance

In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.

Corporate governance and financing decisions by Saudi companies

This paper aims to contribute to the corporate governance literature in emerging economies by examining the effect of some corporate governance mechanisms on financing decisions in Saudi Arabian listed companies. A multiple regression model is used to examine the association between financing decisions and corporate governance mechanisms for a sample of 37 listed Saudi companies. In particular, we examine the effect of board size, ownership concentration and corporate governance reporting on the debt-to-equity ratio. Corporate governance reporting is measured by the content analysis approach. After controlling for companies＇ profitability and their growth opportunities, we found that both board size and ownership concentration are positively associated with debt-to-equity ratio. We limit our analysis to a small sample of firms that use the internet to communicate corporate governance information between October 2005 and January 2006. The findings suggest that managers are likely to choose higher financial leverage when they have stronger corporate governance （large number of directors on the board and higher ownership concentration）. However, we did not find any statistical association between corporate governance disclosure and debt-to-equity ratio. This suggests that firm＇s asymmetric information is not an important driver of the financing decision of Saudi Arabian companies. This might be due to the nature of the Saudi business environment. We strongly believe that this paper provides a novel contribution to the existing literature as we are the first to examine this issue in Saudi Arabia.

Participatory Governance and Decision-Making： Oil and Gas in Santos （Brazil）

The growth of industry and services occurred on a world scale in recent decades, is correlated to large events that propel whole nations to think of local development strategies, integrated and sustainable, based on structural and conjunctural changes, and brought on by human factors or natural causes in dependent of the human will, and lies in the context of innovative models of supply chain arrangements, as is the case of participatory governance network of production of oil and gas. The present study aim is identify and analyze the impacts, local and regional, due to the introduction of the production of oil and gas （originating layer known aspre-salt） in the city of Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The current state of development of a software monitoring indicator is aimed at assessing the present stage and monitor the process of participatory governance in the network of production of oil and gas in Santo is presented here.

The Role of Blockchain in E-Governance and Decision-Making in Project and Program Management

This paper discusses the impact of e-governance powered by blockchain in the project and program management industry. With the rise in technological innovations, many countries have turned to e-governance for efficiency in service delivery, transparency, and decision-making. E-governance backed by blockchain technology entails improving the public services provision by implementing structures of information and communication technologies. There are many challenges with the traditional project management approach that causes organizations and its stakeholders’ cost and time. Thus, the introduction of blockchain has given many organizations a new approach to adopt in order to eliminate the challenges associated with the typical project management approach. In spite of the cutting-edge technology of blockchain and its broad applications in program management and e-governance, there are still many challenges that restrain its adoption on a broader scale. The research discusses the challenges of the blockchain deployment in the program management field and e-governance in private and government sectors and it highlights the efforts put by both sectors to make use of the technology. Also, the research covers the opportunities and the advantages of a blockchain adoption in various segments. The paper uses various case studies in the UAE, in both private and government sectors, and a qualitative research approach was implemented. The case studies were on government entities such as Smart Dubai and the Ministry of Health Prevention and also private entities like DP World and Emirates NBD. The paper concludes with recommendations and solutions on how to maximize the benefit of blockchain in the program management industry and how it is improving the decision-making process.

Establishment of the Agricultural Knowledge Management System in the Knowledge-oriented Government

In order to optimizing the process of the government agricultural decision-making, based on the theories and technologies of the knowledge management, the meaning of the knowledge-based government is firstly analyzed. Combining with the detailed requirements of government for agricultural knowledge management, an agricultural knowledge management system including the agricultural knowledge sharing system, the agricultural Web data-mining system and the agricultural expert decision system is established in the paper.

政府影响力、决策权配置与企业ESG表现——基于企业集团的经验证据

文章以2010—2021年A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验决策权配置对企业ESG表现的关系、具体机制路径以及政府影响力(以产权属性和政府控制层级为表征)的异质性作用。研究结果发现,企业集团决策权配置通过发挥资源效应及治理效应显著提高企业ESG表现,随着政府影响力的加大,决策权配置与企业ESG表现之间的正效应越强。进一步经济后果检验表明,决策权集中配置下企业ESG表现的提升能够显著提高企业全要素生产率和企业价值。研究认为应合理配置母子公司间权限,充分发挥国有企业尤其是央企带头领导作用,践行ESG理念,赋能企业高质量发展。

The Impact of Government Supervision and Consumer Purchasing Behavior on Food Safety

This paper aims at the theoretical analysis to the impact of government supervision and consumer purchasing behavior on food quality security, so as to look for safety strategies and measures to strengthen and improve the level of food safety in China. Reputation mechanism is introduced and Bayesian approach is based on, in which government supervision as well as consumer purchasing behavior is taken as crucial factors to impact on the food quality security. As to the proposed quantitative indicators, government supervision includes exposure rate, fine and etc.;at the same time, consumer purchasing behavior includes consumer’s WTP for security food and consumer expectations to food safety. Taking China’s dairy industry as an example, it makes simulation by Netlog. The results show that consumer purchasing behavior alone has little effect on the dairy companies’ decision-making to be honest or counterfeiting enterprises. However, combination government supervision with purchasing behavior has great impact, and plays very good effects on food safety.

Government's Responsibility for Control of Agricultural Environmental Pollution in China

In this paper,the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution caused by the increase of chemicals input in agriculture in China was analyzed,and it is found that agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies,urban-rural economic structure,funds input in pollution control,comprehensive environmental management,laws of pollution control,and so forth. To control agricultural pollution effectively,it is needed to implement integration of agricultural and environmental policies,establish environmentally friendly agricultural technology popularizing system,implement integrated planning and management of a basin,and set up and improve legislation to protect agricultural environment.

ARDS预后预测的评估框架:数据集、模型和特征

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)预后旨在根据患者的身体状况预测后期出现某种风险的概率,有效的预后方案能极大降低死亡率,优化资源分配。近年来,研究人员通过增强模型计算能力的方式提升了预后的时效性和准确率。然而,ARDS预后研究中数据格式不统一和评估基线不一致等问题突出,限制了ARDS预后研究的深入发展。为解决上述问题,本文提出了ARDS预后预测的评估框架。一方面,提出了针对多源数据的治理方案,解决了ARDS数据格式不统一的问题;另一方面,该框架形成了由13种机器学习模型和20种特征集合组成的评估体系,解决了评估基线不一致的问题。实验结果表明,该框架有效解决了上述问题并评估了数据集、模型和特征的影响程度。

On Russia's Government Shakeup

On March 23,1998,Russian President Boris Yeltsin stunned the nation by dis-missing the government of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin.Then henominated Mr.Sergei Kiriyenko,35,who had been OD the energy minister postfor only three months,for the new head of the cabinet.This immediately ignited afierce political war of a month long between the executive and the legislature draw-ing great concern from the international community.At the moment when

The Transformation of Environmental Governance from the Point of the Interaction between Government and National People's Congress

Taking cadmium pollution in X River as an example, the interaction between National People＇s Congress and local government was de- scribed. How the local government transforms its role in environment protection with the help of several deputies to National People＇s Congress was expounded from the angle of social construction, which also enlightened the way to build an environment protection road with Chinese characteristics.

The transformation of China＇s economic and government functions

The content of China＇s economic transformation is not single, and this article argues that it includes three parts. The first is the reform of economic system, the second is the change in the pattern of economic growth, and the third is the adjustment of economic structure. Government is the leading force of China＇s economic transformation, and repeated reform of government institutions has brought about some changes to government functions. But problems are obvious that lag changes of government functions have become an obstacle in China＇s economic transformation. This article describes the historical evolution and the reality of China＇s economic transformation, and analyzes the main reasons of lag changes in government functions, and reveals that the transformation of government functions is the key for successful transformation of China＇s economy.

Robot’s Emotion Decision by Energy and Entropy Concepts

This study is to introduce concepts of energy and entropy to describe a robot＇s emoton decisien. It chooses the dimensional approach based on factors of pleasure and arousal for the merit of the interpolation between enotions. Especially, Circumplex model which has also two axes： pleasure and arousal is used. Besides, the model indicates how emotions are distributed in the two-dimensional plane. Then by the definition of psychodynamicsthe energy states （mental energy and physical energy） are matched to pleasure and arousal respectively that are the basis of Circumplex model. The mental energy is updated by the result of Prospect theory which measures the value of gain and loss as pleasure factor. And the physical energy is updated by the result of hedonic scaling which measures levels of arousal from pleasure computed by Prospect theory, and the result of intensity of stimuli. Then the energy states are fed by entropy. The feedback loop by entropy satisfies the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The energy states generated by stimuli and fed by entropy take a position in the plane of Circumplex model. Then distances between the current position and other emotions are cornputed to get a level of each emotion, proportional to the inverse of the distance.

On the Government's Responsibility in China's Rural Land Transfer

There is an urgent need for China's rural land transfer in order to develop modern agriculture,ensure food security,transfer rural population,and accelerate industrialization and urbanization.At present,there is still disordered transfer of rural land in China,making the interests of the transferors and transferees difficult to be effectively guaranteed;there is inefficient transfer,leading to decline in actual agricultural production level after transfer;there is jobless transfer,leading to difficult placement for rural surplus labor after transfer,seriously restricting rural land transfer.Therefore,the Chinese government's legal responsibility,economic responsibility and social responsibility in rural land transfer should be further strengthened.

Unjust Decision Making Resulting in Marginalization of the Powerless Prostitution Community in Silir-Semanggi of Solo

The city government of Solo has made a decision that street vendors operating in the city＇s Revolution Monument in Banjarsari Square for years must be relocated to the new built traditional market, called Pasar Notoharjo. This study utilized ethnographic methods, a combination of methods including observation, in-depth interview, focus group and the unobtrusive method including collecting written information. The study showed that the decision of Solo city government which tended to privilege street vendors＇ interests resulted in the life chance of prostitution was deteriorated and marginalized. The city government has accommodated street vendors＇ demand to remove ,the organized prostitution community operating in Silir-Semanggi of Solo since 1960s as one of requirements for their relocation to this area, where the new built traditional market with more than one thousand kiosks was provided for street vendors. The procuresses＇ demand to obtain their rights of the land they occupied for more than 20 years on behalf of their legal ownership failed due to administrative, bureaucratic and legal obstacles. Prostitutes were inhumanly chased away by the city government apparatuses in collaboration with the police from the site of operation in 2006 and it resulted that the social and economic lives of procuresses and prostitutes got worse since their prostitution activities in this location were totally forbidden and unfinished. Both procuresses and prostitutes were marginalized because they did not have links to the powerful stakeholder who were able to protect their rights. Their health was in danger because the city government＇s concern to their activities was limited in particularly since 1998 when the location was formally closed by Solo mayor of the new order.

基于曲线决策融合的SDN饱和攻击检测方法

针对软件定义网络(SDN)交换机和控制器的饱和攻击是SDN中的主要安全问题。在使用集成学习方法检测饱和攻击时,现有方法通常使用距离或熵值等简单的信息计算方法修正证据,可能存在信息丢失问题,降低饱和攻击检测精度。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于曲线决策融合的饱和攻击检测方法(SACOIN)。SACOIN首先计算多分类器概率矩阵的混乱程度修正多分类器内证据;随后将多分类器概率矩阵转换为曲线并去除噪声,提取重构小波的信号特征组成特征矩阵;然后计算特征矩阵行内互信息,基于上述互信息修正多分类器间证据;最后使用D-S证据理论融合修正证据,得到最终检测结果。实验结果表明,SACOIN在检测针对SDN交换机和控制器的饱和攻击时的准确率、精确率、召回率、F1值分别为92.3%、93%、92.1%、91.3%。

均衡型决策:基层官员的风险决策行为模式——基于对S县特大洪灾人员撤离的案例研究

决策是风险治理和突发事件应对活动的关键环节。县级党委、政府在我国纵向国家治理体制中是具有完全制度架构的政治实体,处在承上启下的“接点”位置。在风险情境下,作为“接点者”的基层官员在进行决策时并非是完全自主的,而是面临一系列外在条件的约束,他们必须在多重因素制约下进行价值排序、利弊权衡和方案取舍。基于中国情境构建的“上级支持度-制度清晰度-个体经验值”三因素模型,把县级党政官员的风险决策行为看作是他们在上级支持、制度规范和个体经验三个因素之间努力实现均衡的结果,三个因素中任何一个因素的缺失都可能导致风险决策的失败。要提高县级党政官员的风险决策质量,必须同时增强上级的支持度、制度的清晰度和个体的经验值。

Human Rights and Development:China's Contributions Based on a Larger Concept of Human Rights

The Western liberal view of global governance can no longer effectively address the challenges facing the world today or respond to the demands of developing countries in the fields of human rights and development.Meanwhile,the United Nations human rights and development agenda also has its limitations.Against such a backdrop,China's path of human rights development has avoided the trap of human rights confrontation and the clash of civilizations.It has set an example of complementarity and positive interaction between human rights and development by unifying collective human rights with individual human rights and integrating the universality and particularity of human rights.Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,delivered a speech at the 37th group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on China's Path of Human Rights Development.This elevated China's human rights development to a new historical height.Practice has proved that China's concept and path of human rights in the new era have not only effectively promoted the development of its human rights cause,but also contributed Chinese wisdom to the global cause of human rights and development with a larger concept of human rights.Under the framework of the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind,the Belt and Road Initiative,and the Global Development Initiative,China has contributed to enhancing the discourse power of developing countries in human rights and building a fairer,more just,more reasonable and more inclusive system for global human rights governance.

The path and countermeasures of increasing government’s governance capacities in energy-saving renovation of existing buildings

The dual functions of government participation and governance in the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determine the importance of the government’s scientific and effective actions.Continuously improving the government’s role is to promote the effective operation of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.Based on the inherent requirements of improving the government governance capacity in the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market,this paper constructs the implementation path for the development of the existing building’s energy-saving renovation market from the three dimensions of practical concept,practical process and practical methods.From the four aspects of improving the legal and regulatory system,building a market information sharing platform,establishing a sound market supervision mechanism,and consolidating and improving the market accountability system,we will structure the existing building energysaving renovation market development to improve the government’s ability to restrain and implement measures.From the four levels of improving the market incentive mechanism,optimizing the market financing environment,clarifying the position of market resource allocation,and building a social operation platform,design measures to improve government incentives in the development of the existing building energy conservation renovation market.From the shaping of governance yuan organizational roles,governance capacity and responsibilities of departments at all levels to define boundaries,to build four main interactive platform governance perspective,the main parties demand balance the interests of both the governance capacity development planning in the government market,building energy-saving market to enhance the implementation of countermeasures.In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market based on the enhancement of government governance capacity.