Characteristics of long-distance mobile mRNAs from shoot to root in grafted plant species

Thousands of long-distance mobile mRNAs were identified from different grafting systems,based on high-throughput sequencing technology.Moreover,the long-distance delivery of RNAs was proved to involve multiple mechanisms.Here,we analyzed the homology,motif,and tRNA-like structure(TLS)of long-distance mobile mRNAs identified by RNA-seq as well as the RNA-binding protein(RBP)in nine grafting combinations including Arabidopsis thaliana,Vitis vinifera,Cucumis sativus,Citrullus lanatus,Nicotiana benthamiana,Malus domestica,Pyrus spp.,Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris.Although several mRNAs were found to be shared in herbaceous,woody,and related species,the vast majority of long-distance mobile mRNAs were species-specific.Four non-specific movement-related motifs were identified,while the TLS was not necessary for mRNA long distance mobility.In addition,we found that RBPs were conserved among herbaceous and woody plants as well as related species.This paper reports a further in-depth analysis of the endogenous mechanisms by which the species-specific transportable m RNAs were selected by bioinformatics,in order to provide insights for future research on long-distance mobile mRNAs.

ZnO Incorporated Acrylamide Grafted Chitosan Based Composite Film for Advanced Wound Healing Applications

This study was carried out to prepare ZnO nanoparticles incorporated acrylamide grafted chitosan composite film for possible biomedical application especially drug loading in wound healing. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method from zinc acetate di-hydrate and incorporated in acrylamide grafted chitosan. FT-IR and TGA of the prepared composite film confirmed the successful incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles in the acrylamide-grafted polymer matrix. SEM images showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed on the porous matrix of the composite film. Water uptake and buffer uptake analysis revealed that the composite film could hold water and buffer sufficiently, which facilitated the absorption of exudate from the wound site. Amoxicillin was loaded in the prepared composite film and the maximum loading efficiency was found to be 67.33% with drug concentration of 300 ppm. In vitro studies showed greater antimicrobial activity of drug-loaded composite film compared to both pure film and standard antibiotic disc. Finally, the In vivo mouse model showed maximum healing efficiency compared to conventional gauge bandages because the loading of antibiotic in the film produced a synergistic effect and healing time was reduced.

Effects of Flooding Stress on Growth and Root Physiology and Biochemistry of Grafted Red-seed Watermelon Seedlings

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore how to improve the waterlogging tolerance of red-seed watermelon through grafting,to provide a theoretical basis for its cultivation in rainy season.[Methods]The effects of flooding stress on the growth and root physiological and biochemical characteristics of grafted and own-rooted red-seed watermelon seedlings were studied using Luffa as rootstocks and"Zhongxin 1"red-seed watermelon as scions.[Results]After flooding stress,the biomass and root activity of grafted seedlings of red-seed watermelon were significantly higher than those of own-rooted seedlings.With the prolongation of flooding stress time,the soluble sugar and proline content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the grafted seedlings had a larger increase and a smaller decrease,and were always significantly higher than own-rooted seedlings in the same period.The content of malondialdehyde in the root system of grafted seedlings increased first and then decreased,while it continued to increase in own-rooted seedlings,and the increase in own-rooted seedlings was significantly greater than that in grafted seedlings during the same period.[Conclusions]Grafting on Luffa rootstocks could improve waterlogging tolerance of red-seed watermelon.

Characterization of volatile organic compounds in grafted tomato plants upon potyvirus necrotic infection

A headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME/GC-MS)method was used to study the volatile organic compounds(VOCs)associated with the differential immune response of tomato plants infected with the recombinant strain of potato virus Y(PVY^(C)-to),necrogenic to tomato.Analysis was carried out in UC82(UC),a virus susceptible tomato variety,comparing the same UC plants grafted or not onto a virus tolerant tomato ecotype,Manduria(Ma);the three types of samples used for the GC-MS analysis were mock-inoculated UC/Ma plants,UC/Ma+PVY^(C)-to and UC+PVY^(C)-to plants;the VOCs obtained were 111.Results from symptomatic PVY^(C)-to-infected UC plants showed a VOCs composition enriched in alcohols,fatty acid derivates,benzenoids,and salicylic acid derivatives,while in mock-inoculated UC/Ma plants VOCs were mainly characterized by methyl ester compounds.The VOC profile was in line with RNAseq data analyses,denoting that PVY^(C)-to viral RNA accumulation and disease symptoms induce the specific transcriptional activation of genes involved in VOCs biosynthesis.Furthermore,principal component analysis highlighted that VOCs of PVY^(C)-to-infected and mock-inoculated grafted plants were much closer each other than that of symptomatic PVY^(C)-to-infected non-grafted UC plants.These results suggest that VOCs profiles of tomato plants are related to the viral RNA accumulation,disease intensity and graft-derived tolerance to PVY^(C)-to infection.

CmoNAC1 in pumpkin rootstocks improves salt tolerance of grafted cucumbers by binding to the promoters of CmoRBOHD1, CmoNCED6, CmoAKT1;2 and CmoHKT1;1 to regulate H_(2)O_(2), ABA signaling and K^(+)/Na^(+) homeostasis

The NAC transcription factor is a type of plant-specific transcription factor that can regulate plant salt tolerance,but the underlying mechanism is unclear in grafted vegetables.H2O2 and ABA in pumpkin rootstocks can be transported to cucumber scion leaves,promoting stomatal closure to improve salt tolerance of grafted cucumbers.Despite these observations,the regulatory mechanism is unknown.Here,our research revealed that CmoNAC1 is a key transcription factor that regulates H_(2)O_(2) and ABA signaling in pumpkin roots under salt stress.The function of CmoNAC1 was analyzed using root transformation and RNA-seq,and we found that pumpkin CmoNAC1 promoted the production of H_(2)O_(2) and ABA via CmoRBOHD1 and CmoNCED6,respectively,and regulated K^(+)/Na^(+) homeostasis via CmoAKT1;2,CmoHKT1;1,and CmoSOS1 to improve salt tolerance of grafted cucumbers.Root knockout of CmoNAC1 resulted in a significant decrease in H_(2)O_(2)(52.9%and 32.1%)and ABA(21.8%and 42.7%)content and K^(+)/Na^(+) ratio(81.5%and 56.3%)in leaf and roots of grafted cucumber,respectively,while overexpression showed the opposite effect.The root transformation experiment showed that CmoNCED6 could improve salt tolerance of grafted cucumbers by regulating ABA production and K^(+)/Na^(+) homeostasis under salt stress.Finally,we found that CmoNAC1 bound to the promoters of CmoRBOHD1,CmoNCED6,CmoAKT1;2,and CmoHKT1;1 using yeast one-hybrid,luciferase,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.In conclusion,pumpkin CmoNAC1 not only binds to the promoters of CmoRBOHD1 and CmoNCED6 to regulate the production of H_(2)O_(2) and ABA signals in roots,but also binds to the promoters of CmoAKT1;2 and CmoHKT1;1 to increase the K^(+)/Na^(+) ratio,thus improving salt tolerance of grafted cucumbers.

“Grafting from”法制备高载量大孔弱阳离子交换层析介质

针对大孔聚合物层析介质孔径大、比表面积低而导致的蛋白结合容量低的问题,采用“graftingfrom”策略,以大孔聚丙烯酸酯微球为基质,通过氧化还原引发甲基丙烯酸在微球表面接枝聚合,制备了高载量弱阳离子交换层析介质.研究了单体浓度、过硫酸钾浓度及反应温度等因素对蛋白结合容量的影响.所得介质的蛋白静态结合容量和动态结合容量分别达到252.21和157.25mg/mL;同时发现具有一定离子交换容量的该类介质能够在0.2 mol/L NaCl缓冲液中保持100 mg/mL的蛋白结合容量.将该层析介质用于鸡卵清中溶菌酶的纯化,获得了较高的纯化效率.

Allelopathy of Aerial Part Extracts from Grafted Eggplants

[ Objective] The aim was to provide evidence and countermeasures for study on allelopathy of eggplant and supply a scientific basis for ecological management of allelopathy and establishment of a reasonable, effective intercropping and continuous cropping system. [ Method] Allelopathy of aerial part extracts from grafted eggplants was studied by bioassay. [ Result] The results showed that aerial part extracts of eggplants have autotoxiclty which inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of eggplants. Aerial part extracts of grafted eggplants inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of tomato, pepper and cu cumber at different level. Inhibition intensity of extracts was in order of tomato 〉 pepper 〉 cucumber. The inhibition effect was higher at 0.2 g/ml concentration than 0.1 g/ml concentration. There wasn＇t significance between ownrooted treatments and grafted treatments. [ Conclusion] Eggplant is not suitable for round of inter-cropping with tomato, pepper and cucumber.

Association of donor hepatectomy time with liver transplantation outcomes: A multicenter retrospective study

BACKGROUND Prolonged donor hepatectomy time may be implicated in early and late complications of liver transplantation.AIM To evaluate the impact of donor hepatectomy time on outcomes of liver transplant recipients,mainly early allograft dysfunction.METHODS This multicenter retrospective study included brain-dead donors and adult liver graft recipients.Donor-recipient matching was obtained through a crossover list.Clinical and laboratory data were recorded for both donors and recipients.Donor hepatectomy,cold ischemia,and warm ischemia times were recorded.Primary outcome was early allograft dysfunction.Secondary outcomes included need for retransplantation,length of intensive care unit and hospital stay,and patient and graft survival at 12 months.RESULTS From January 2019 to December 2021,a total of 243 patients underwent a liver transplant from a brain-dead donor.Of these,57(25%)developed early allograft dysfunction.The median donor hepatectomy time was 29(23–40)min.Patients with early allograft dysfunction had a median hepatectomy time of 25(22–38)min,whereas those without it had a median time of 30(24–40)min(P=0.126).CONCLUSION Donor hepatectomy time was not associated with early allograft dysfunction,graft survival,or patient survival following liver transplantation.

What factors control plant height?

Plant height(PH)is one of the most important components of the plant ideotype,and it affects plant biomass,yield,lodging resistance,and the ability to use mechanized harvesting.Since many complex pathways controlling plant growth and development remain poorly understood,we are still unable to obtain the most ideal plants solely through breeding efforts.PH can be influenced by genotype,plant hormonal regulation,environmental conditions,and interactions with other plants.Here,we comprehensively review the factors influencing PH,including the regulation of PH-related developmental processes,the genetics and QTLs contributing to PH,and the hormone-regulated molecular mechanisms for PH.Additionally,the symbiotic influence of grafting on PH is discussed,focusing on the molecular regulation of gene expression and genetics.Finally,we propose strategies for applying recent findings to breeding for better PH,highlight some knowledge gaps,and suggest potential directions for future studies.

Outcomes of surgical correction of Peyronie’s disease with plaque excision and grafting: Comparison of testicular tunica vaginalis graft versus bovine pericardium graft

Objective:Peyronie’s disease(PD)is an abnormal wound healing in the penile tunica albuginea.After fibrotic plaque excision,different graft materials have been used to repair the defects,but the optimal graft remains unknown.This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes of testicular tunica vaginalis grafts and bovine pericardium grafts in patients with severe PD.Methods:A retrospective comparative study was conducted on 33 PD patients undergoing partial plaque excision and grafting from September 2015 to May 2021.The patients were divided into two groups depending on the type of graft used.For 15 patients in Group B,testicular tunica vaginalis grafts were used to repair the defect,while for 18 patients in Group A,bovine pericardium grafts were used.Data of the patient’s age,comorbidities,sexual function,penile curvature,postoperative complications,need for further treatment,change in penile length,and satisfaction were gathered and compared between the groups.Sexual function was evaluated using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF-5),and a functional less than 20-degree penile curvature after surgery was considered a successful intervention.Results:There was no difference in age,comorbidities,degree of curvature,perioperative IIEF-5,operative time,plaque size,or complication rates.After surgery,a statistically significant improvement in curvature degree(p<0.05)and satisfactory penile appearance(p<0.05)were seen in both groups without any superiority between the two groups(p=0.423 and p=0.840,respectively).With a 30-month follow-up,the IIEF-5 was consistent in both groups,with no statistical significance between the groups(p=0.492).The main change in penile length during the operation was increased and still positive in the last follow-up in both groups without statistical significance(p=0.255 and p=0.101,respectively).Conclusion:Partial plaque excision and corporoplasty with both testicular tunica vaginalis or bovine pericardium grafts are equally effective in treating males with clinically significant PD.

Superhydrophobic melamine sponge prepared by radiation-induced grafting technology for efficient oil-water separation

This paper presents a superhydrophobic melamine(ME)sponge(ME-g-PLMA)prepared via high-energy radiation-induced in situ covalent grafting of long-alkyl-chain dodecyl methacrylate(LMA)onto an ME sponge for efficient oil–water separa-tion.The obtained ME-g-PLMA sponge had an excellent pore structure with superhydrophobic(water contact angle of 154°)and superoleophilic properties.It can absorb various types of oils up to 66–168 times its mass.The ME-g-PLMA sponge can continuously separate oil slicks in water by connecting a pump or separating oil underwater with a gravity-driven device.In addition,it maintained its highly hydrophobic properties even after long-term immersion in different corrosive solutions and repeated oil adsorption.The modified ME-g-PLMA sponge exhibited excellent separation properties and potential for oil spill cleanup.

Selective adsorption of tetracycline by β-CD-immobilized sodium alginate aerogel coupled with ultrafiltration for reclaimed water

In this work,a novel composite material based on β-cyclodextrin-immobilized sodium alginate aerogel(β-CD/NaAlg) was developed utilizing cross-linker of epichlorohydrin and applied as an adsorbent to remove tetracycline antibiotics from reclaimed wastewater.A series of characterizations were utilized to confirm the successful synthesis of the adsorbent and this β-CD/NaAlg presented a three-dimensional network at the nanoscale or microscale.Under optimal conditions(pH=4,t=8 h,β-CD:NaAlg=9,adsorbent dosage = 1.5 g·L-1),the maximum removal rate of β-CD/NaAlg to tetracycline was 70%.The adsorption behavior of tetracycline on β-CD/NaAlg conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model(R2=0.9977) and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)=0.9993).Moreover,the adsorbent still removed 55.3% of tetracycline after five cycles.Specially,the adsorbent was integrated with ultrafiltration to adsorb tetracycline antibiotics from simulated reclaimed wastewater,and the removal rate of tetracycline reached 78.9% within 2 h.The existence of Cr(Ⅵ) had a negligible impact on tetracycline removal,while the presence of humic acid exhibited a promoting effect.The possible adsorption mechanisms were also elucidated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory analysis.In summary,β-CD/NaAlg represents an environmentally friendly,efficient,and sustainable adsorbent for removing tetracycline antibiotics from reclaimed water.

Preparation and Swelling Kinetic Analysis of Poly (HPMC-co-AA-co-AM) Super Absorbent Resin

Super absorbent resin(SAR)is prepared by aqueous high temperature polymerization using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)as monomer backbone material,acrylic acid(AA)and acrylamide(AM)as the graft copolymer monomer,potassium persulfate(KPS)as the initiator to generate free radicals,and N,N`-methylenebisacrylamide(MBA)as cross-linking agent for cross-linking reaction.Simutaneously,the influence of individual factors on the water absorption is investigated,and these factors are mainly AA,AM,KPS,MBA,HPMC,and reaction temperature.The optimized conditions are obtained by the experiment repeating for several times.The water absorption multiplicity and salt absorption multiplicity under the conditions are 782.4 and 132.5 g/g,respectivity.Furthermore,the effects of different temperatures and salt concentrations on its water absorption,as well as the swelling kinetics of SAR are studied.It is indicated the water-absorbing swelling process is mainly caused by the difference in water osmotic pressure and Na+concentration inside and outside the cross-linked molecular structure of the resin,which is not only consistent with the quasi-secondary kinetic model,but also with the Fick diffusion model.

Late infection after peri-orbital autologous micro-fat graft:a case presentation and literature review

Citation:Pakdel F,Asadigandomani H,Arab Bafrani M,Nozarian Z,Abedinifar Z,Pirmarzdashti N,Jafari B,Siami Z.Late infection after peri-orbital autologous micro-fat graft:a case presentation and literature review.Int J Ophthalmol 2024;17(3):603-606.

3D printed grafts with gradient structures for organized vascular regeneration

Synthetic vascular grafts suitable for small-diameter arteries(<6 mm) are in great need.However,there are still no commercially available small-diameter vascular grafts(SDVGs) in clinical practice due to thrombosis and stenosis after in vivo implantation.When designing SDVGs,many studies emphasized reendothelization but ignored the importance of reconstruction of the smooth muscle layer(SML).To facilitate rapid SML regeneration,a high-resolution 3D printing method was used to create a novel bilayer SDVG with structures and mechanical properties mimicking natural arteries.Bioinspired by the collagen alignment of SML,the inner layer of the grafts had larger pore sizes and high porosity to accelerate the infiltration of cells and their circumferential alignment,which could facilitate SML reconstruction for compliance restoration and spontaneous endothelialization.The outer layer was designed to induce fibroblast recruitment by low porosity and minor pore size and provide SDVG with sufficient mechanical strength.One month after implantation,the arteries regenerated by 3D-printed grafts exhibited better pulsatility than electrospun grafts,with a compliance(8.9%) approaching that of natural arteries(11.36%) and significantly higher than that of electrospun ones(1.9%).The 3D-printed vascular demonstrated a three-layer structure more closely resembling natural arteries while electrospun grafts showed incomplete endothelium and immature SML.Our study shows the importance of SML reconstruction during vascular graft regeneration and provides an effective strategy to reconstruct blood vessels through 3D-printed structures rapidly.

Histological Assessment of Bone Regeneration in the Maxilla with Homologous Bone Graft:A Feasible Option for Maxillary Bone Reconstruction

Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilized)graft and verify its reliability.Eight individuals were included from 2014 to 2018.The first surgery was performed to install homologous bone blocks in the maxilla.The period of the second intervention varied between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months(≈7.93 months).The biopsies were taken from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant placement.All patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental implants.There was a 100%of survival rate.The histological assessment showed that the homologous block bone graft was an osteoconductive biomaterial,with connective tissue present,and newly formed bone juxtaposed on its surface.There were bone trabeculae with osteocytes and active osteoblasts with connective tissue in the mineralization process;the remodeling process can be found through the reverse lines.A limited focus of necrosis with fibrosis was detected,with small resorption and areas of inflammatory infiltrate,but without clinical significance.The homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft(gold standard),with predictable clinical and favorable histological results.The patients had a shorter surgical period,low morbidity,and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.

Effects of sevoflurane on left ventricular function by speckletracking echocardiography in coronary bypass patients: A randomized trial

The present study aimed to dynamically observe the segmental and global myocardial movements of the left ventricle during coronary artery bypass grafting by transesophageal speckle-tracking echocardiography,and to assess the effect of sevoflurane on cardiac function.Sixty-four patients scheduled for the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly divided into a sevoflurane-based anesthesia(AS)group and a propofolbased total intravenous anesthesia(AA)group.The AS group demonstrated a higher absolute value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain than that of the AA group at both T1(after harvesting all grafts and before coronary anastomosis)and T_(2)(30 min after completing all coronary anastomoses)(P<0.05).Moreover,strain improvement in the segment with the highest preoperative strain was significantly reduced in the AS group,compared with the AA group at both T1 and T_(2)(P<0.01).The flow of the left internal mammary artery-left anterior descending artery graft was superior,and the postoperative concentration of troponin T decreased rapidly in the AS group,compared with the AA group(P<0.05).Compared with total intravenous anesthesia,sevoflurane resulted in a significantly higher global longitudinal strain,stroke volume,and cardiac output.Sevoflurane also led to an amelioration in the condition of the arterial graft.Furthermore,sevoflurane significantly reduced strain improvement in the segmental myocardium with a high preoperative strain value.The findings need to be replicated in larger studies.

Efficient and selective removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from landfill leachate using L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric synthesized via radiation grafting technique

In this study,to efficiently remove Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous environments,a novel L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric sorbent(NWF-serine)was fabricated through the radiation grafting of glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent L-serine modification.The effect of the absorbed dose was investigated in the range of 5–50 kGy.NWF-serine was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and scanning electron microscopy.Batch adsorption tests were conducted to investigate the influences of pH,adsorption time,temperature,initial concentration,and sorbent dosage on the Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption performance of NWF-serine.The results indicated that Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto NWF-serine was an endothermic process,following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model.The saturated adsorption capacity was 198.1 mg/g.NWF-serine exhibited Pb(Ⅱ) removal rates of 99.8% for aqueous solutions with initial concentrations of 100 mg/L and 82.1% for landfill leachate containing competitive metal ions such as Cd,Cu,Ni,Mn,and Zn.Furthermore,NWF-serine maintained 86% of its Pb(Ⅱ) uptake after five use cycles.The coordination of the carboxyl and amino groups with Pb(Ⅱ) was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Effects of Reducing Mn^(2+),Cu^(2+) and Zn^(2+) Concentrations in Nutrient Solution on SOD Activity in Grafted Cucumber Seedling Leaves Under Cold Stress

[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of reducing the concentrations of Mn2＋, Cu2＋ or Zn2＋ in nutrient solution on the contents of Mn, Cu and Zn of grafted cucumber leaves as well as on the SOD and isozymes activities and the rate of electrolytic leakage under cold stress. [Method] Nutrient solution containing low concentrations of Mn2＋, Cu2＋ or Zn2＋ were used for cultivating the grafted cucumber seedlings for the cold treatment. [Result] The results indicated that reducing the concentrations of Mn2＋, Cu2＋ or Zn2＋ in nutrient solution had declined the SOD activities in grafted cucumber leaves and increased the rates of electrolytic leakage. Mn2＋ had shown the maximum influences, followed by Cu2＋, and Zn2＋ had shown the minimum influences. [Conclusion] Cold resistance of cucumber can be improved by changing the contents of Mn2＋, Cu2＋ or Zn2＋ in nutrient solution.

Porocarcinoma in a palm reconstructed with a full thickness skin graft: A case report

BACKGROUND Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors.It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 92-year-old woman,a farmer by profession,presented with an exophytic and verrucous mass on her left palm that had formed 2 years prior and caused chronic pain and frequent bleeding.Initially,the patient was diagnosed with SCC using a punch biopsy;however,a repeat biopsy with addi-tional immunohistochemical tests was performed for porocarcinoma.Ultimately,the patient was diagnosed with porocarcinoma and reconstruction was planned using a full-thickness skin graft.After treatment,the range of motion of the palm was preserved,and the aesthetic outcome was favorable.At 6 mo of follow-up,the patient was satisfied with the outcome.CONCLUSION Porocarcinoma is commonly misdiagnosed as SCC;therefore,clinicians should consider porocarcinomas when evaluating mass-like lesions on the hands.