Promoting High-quality Development of Grain and Oil in Ethnic Areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the Perspective of Agricultural Power

Accelerating the construction of agricultural power,further promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and better supporting and serving Chinese-style modernization are the key issues at present.This paper first introduces the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its ethnic areas,and studies the characteristics of the grain and oil industry in the ethnic autonomous areas of the economic belt,as well as the current situation of various types of intellectual property resources,such as industrial cultural heritage,scientific and tech-nological innovation,and brand marking intellectual property.Besides,it analyzes the main problems in the high-quality development of grain and oil in the Yangtze River Economic Belt ethnic areas.Finally,it comes up with recommendations,including protecting the intellectual prop-erty rights of cultural heritage in the field of grain and oil,leading the inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture,use scientific and technological innovation intellectual property rights to promote the innovation-driven development strategy of the grain and oil in-dustry,and providing counterpart assistance to ethnic autonomous areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt to further promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Synergism of essential oils with lipid based nanocarriers: emerging trends in preservation of grains and related food products

Grains are one of the major food staples in the world.The cereal grains are easily susceptible to damage by moisture content,flour beetles and food pathogens during storage,harvesting and post harvesting.Food preservative techniques namely drying,freezing,and dehydration,acquire little advantages.However,they cause few undesirable alterations in the organoleptic and nutritional properties of the preserved food items.Therefore,there is a continuous search for new preservation techniques in food industries,to satisfy the customer demands on the addition of natural food preservatives,devoid of pathogenic contaminants and without changes in organoleptic properties.Essential oils(EOs)have been predicted as“natural food additives”in the preservative process.The synergistic potential of EOs with various nanocarriers plays an emerging role in the food industry.Therefore,the present review has focused on the lipid based nanocarriers,and the methods used for the functionalization or encapsulation of EOs and applications in the preservation of food items such as cooked rice,rice flour,grains,sliced breads have also been discussed.The present review ascertains the antimicrobial significance of active EOs loaded lipid nanocarriers in the form of nano emulsions,solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes for preserving grains and flours.

Production of microbial oils co-fermented by Trichoderma.koningii and Trichosporon cutaneum with Daqu distiller's grains

Abstract： Daqu distiller＇s grains were co-fermented as raw materials by Trichoderma.koningii and Trichosporon cutaneum to produce microbial oils, which can provide raw materials for bio-diesel development. The single factor tests were used to investigate the effects of ratio of strains, inoculum size, culture temperature and culture time on the production of microbial oils. The best processing conditions were obtained by orthogonal test through measuring the content of microbial oils in product. The result shows that the microbial oils content of the co-fermented product under the ratio of Trichoderma.koningii to Trichosporon cutaneum of 1：1, the inoculum size of strains of 11% at 28 ℃ for 6 d is 7.15 g/L. It is shown that the production of microbial oils co-fermented by Trichoderma.koningii and Trichosporon cutaneum with Daqu distiller＇s grains is possible. The research provides a new idea for the reuse of Daqu distiller＇s grains and also provides a new way for the development of microbial oils.

Effect of different film color mulching on dry matter and grain yield of oil flax in dry-land

Mulching can effectively maintain soil moisture;color of mulching film affects soil water storage capacity and further promote crop growth to improve grain yield.Field experiment was conducted to study effects of different film colors on dry matter accumulation(DMA)and grain yield of oil flax.Results showed that white plastic film mulching could increase leaf area,chlorophyll content and DMA.DMA of white film mulching and micro-ridge with soil covering was 53.0%higher than that of CK,and 7.8%higher than that of black film mulching.Mulching method also influenced DMA.Micro-ridge alone increased it by 13.7%than flat cultivation and soil covering improved another 7.6%under white film mulching.Both white and black film mulching with microridge could significantly improve grain yield.Black film mulching with micro-ridge and soil covering,white film mulching with micro-ridge and no soil covering significantly increased capsule number per plant,1,000-grain weight and grain yield of oil flax,compared with CK.Grain yield increased 29.0%and 28.9%respectively.These results indicated that the above mulching methods were suitable for high yield cropping pattern in dry-farming regions.

How to Adjust XPCC's Planting Structure of Grain,Cotton,Oil and Sugar?

XPCC has long shouldered the mission of exploitation of virgin land in border area,but the special geographic distribution leads to regional segmentation and administrative division in the planting structure of grain,cotton,oil and sugar for XPCC. Since 1980,XPCC's total planting area of grain,cotton,oil and sugar has increased steadily year by year. The yield levels show a unimodal trend; the total yield of cotton has been showing a geometric growth trend; the total yield of oil crops and sugar beet shows a fluctuating growth trend,but the total yield of grain crops shows a bimodal growth trend. XPCC's grain crops are mainly in the farms of Division 4 in Ili Valley and Division 6 in Changji;cotton production in South and North Xinjiang is basically the same,and the yield in South Xinjiang is slightly higher than in North Xinjiang,but cotton can not be planted in most farms of Division 9 and Division 10; oil crops are grown mainly in cold regions; sugar beet is mainly in the farms of Division 2,Division 4,Division 7 and Division 9. Some factors are limiting XPCC's farming development such as unreasonable agricultural structure,quite different regional production levels and great grain crop yield fluctuations. Therefore,it is recommended to optimize regional distribution,increase efforts to promote new technologies,and strengthen brand building to help XPCC to give play to the agricultural resource advantages.

Enrichment of Bread with Olive Oil Industrial By-Product

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of bread fortification with dry olive paste flour(DOPF),coming from Cellina di Nardòcultivar.Specifically,sensory and nutritional properties of enriched bread were investigated.In addition,the glycemic response and the bio-accessibility of polyphenols contained in the bread samples were also estimated.The addition of DOPF leads to an increase of the total phenolic compounds,total flavonoids and antioxidant activity,without compromising the final acceptability.The recovery of bio-accessible polyphenols from the simulated gastro-intestinal digestion was 59.3%for the control and 72.1%for the enriched bread.Also the glycemic response was improved in the enriched bread.

GRAIN & OIL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Grain&Oil Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed international scientific journal dedicates to promoting the advancement of science and technology in grain and oil storage,grain engineering,oil engineering,food science,food nutrition and safety,new technologies and related research progress,publishes the highest quality original contributions and reviews on new achievements.

GRAIN & OIL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Grain & Oil Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed international scientific journal dedicates to promoting the advancement of science and technology in grain and oil storage, grain engineering, oil engineering, food science, food nutrition and safety, new technologies and related research progress, publishes the highest quality original contributions and reviews on new achievements.

Status and Development Countermeasures of Moderate-scale Management of Grain and Oil in Nanchong City

This paper introduces the development status of moderate-scale management of grain and oil in Nanchong,analyzes the existing problems in production and management,puts forward some suggestions in terms of fund,science and technology and industrial structure,and lists some cases for reference,so as to provide a direction for the operation of grain and oil in Nanchong.

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax

In order to identify effects of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)on soil nitrogen morphological characteristics and grain yield of oil flax,a two-factor experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in typical semi-arid and hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau with 3 replicates in 2013 and 2014.Two levels of N application included 150 kg/hm2(N2)and 75 kg/hm2(N1).P application included 150 kg P2 O5/hm2(P2)and 75 kg P2 O5/hm2(P1).Temporal and spatial variation of soil nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N)and ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)contents in 0-60 cm soil layer,and relationship between soil NO3-N accumulation(SNA)and grain yield of oil flax were analyzed.Results showed that SNA increased with evaluated N application rate in different soil layers(0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm).With the increased P application,SNA increased at N1 level but decreased at N2 level.SNA under N2 P1 treatment increased by 73.33%in 2013 and 74.97%in 2014 respectively,compared with control treatment(CK)at maturity stage.Grain yield of oil flax also increased by 44.27%in 2013 and56.55%in 2014,compared with CK under the same treatment.Correlation analysis showed that SNA in different soil layers were respectively positively correlated with grain yield.In conclusion,this research suggested that the optimal fertilizer application rate was 150 kg N/hm2 and 75 kg P2 O5/hm2 in the Northwest of China.

Geological characteristics of shale rock system and shale oil exploration breakthrough in a lacustrine basin:A case study from the Paleogene 1st sub-member of Kong 2 Member in Cangdong sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

A deep understanding of the basic geologic characteristics of the fine-grained shale layers in the Paleogene 1 st sub-member of Kong 2 Member(Ek_2~1) in Cangdong sag, Bohai Bay Basin, is achieved through observation of 140 m continuous cores and systematic analysis of over 1 000 core samples from two wells. Basic geological conditions for shale oil accumulation are proposed based on the unconventional geological theory of oil and gas. The shale rock system mainly developed interbedded formation of felsic shale, calcareous and dolomitic shale and carbonates; high quality hydrocarbon source rock formed in the stable and closed environment is the material base for shale oil enrichment; intergranular pores in analcite, intercrystalline pores in dolomite and interlayer micro-fractures make tight carbonate, calcareous and dolomitic shale and felsic shale effective reservoirs, with brittle mineral content of more than 70%; high abundance laminated shale rock in the lower section of Ek_2~1 is rich in shale oil, with a total thickness of 70 m, burial depth between 2 800 to 4 200 m, an average oil saturation of 50%, a sweet spot area of 260 km^2 and predicted resources of over 5×10~8 t. Therefore, this area is a key replacement domain for oil exploration in the Kongdian Formation of the Cangdong sag. At present, the KN9 vertical well has a daily oil production of 29.6 t after fracturing with a 2 mm choke. A breakthrough of continental shale oil exploration in a lacustrine basin is expected to be achieved by volume fracturing in horizontal wells.

Re-recognition of “unconventional” in unconventional oil and gas

Taking the Wufeng–Longmaxi shale gas in the Sichuan Basin as a typical example,based on the new progress in exploration and development,this study re-examines the"unconventional"of unconventional oil and gas from two aspects:oil and gas formation and accumulation mechanisms,and main features of oil and gas layers.The oil and gas of continuous accumulation and distribution from integrated source and reservoir is unconventional oil and gas,and the study focusing on shale oil and gas in comparison with conventional oil and gas has made progress in five aspects:(1)Unconventional oil and gas have source-reservoir-in-one and in-situ accumulation;according to the theory of continuous oil and gas accumulation,the accumulation power of oil and gas is overpressure and diffusion;for conventional oil and gas,the source and reservoir are different formations,the trapping accumulation is its theoretical foundation,and the accumulation power is characterized by buoyancy and capillary force.(2)The unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are mainly formed in the low-energy oxygen-anaerobic environment,dominantly semi-deep to deep shelf facies and the semi-deep to deep lake facies,simple in lithology,rich in organic matter and clay minerals;conventional oil and gas mainly occur in coarse-grained sedimentary rocks formed in high-energy waters with complex lithology.(3)The unconventional oil and gas reservoirs have mainly nano-scale pores,of which organic matter pores take a considerable proportion;conventional oil and gas reservoirs mainly have micron-millimeter pores and no organic matter pores.(4)Unconventional shale oil and gas reservoirs have oil and gas in uniform distribution,high oil and gas saturation,low or no water content,and no obvious oil and gas water boundary;conventional oil and gas reservoirs have oil and gas of complex properties,moderate oil and gas saturation,slightly higher water content,and obvious oil,gas and water boundaries.(5)Organic-rich shale is the main target of unconventional oil and gas exploration;the sedimentary environment controls high organic matter abundance zone and organic matter content controls oil and gas abundance;positive structure and high porosity control the yields of shale wells;bedding and fracture development are important factors deciding high yield.

Intellectual Property Protection,Inheritance,Innovation and Development of Woody Edible Oilseeds in Hubei Province

Only by developing woody edible oilseeds industry can we ensure the safety of the important industrial chain and supply chain of vegetable edible oil in China.There are 13 kinds of woody edible oil plants in Hubei,including Camellia oleifera Abel(oil tea),Juglans regia L.(walnut),Olea europaea L.(olive)and Paeonia suffruticosa(oil peony).This paper studies the main industries of woody edible oilseeds in Hubei Province and their intellectual property resources,and analyzes the main problems in their intellectual property protection,inheritance,innovation and development.Finally,it proposes some strategies,including carrying forward the traditional knowledge related to woody edible oilseeds,innovating the"agricultural chip",creating key counties of national woody edible oil seeds,and developing industrial clusters with national advantages and characteristics.

Integrate GOI and composition data of oil inclusions to reconstruct petroleum charge history of gas-condensate reservoirs:example from the Mosuowan area,central Junggar basin(NW China)

The Grains containing Oil Inclusions(GOI)data in currently gas/condensate-beating Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoir sandstones of Well Pen 5(the Mosuowan area of central Junggar Basin,NW China)are generally greater than the empirical threshold line of 5%.This is consistent with the gas-condensate section originally containing a palaeo-oil column.In order to assess the origin of the oil trapped in the oil inclusion and its relationship to the free oil/gas-condensate,a detailed molecular geochemical study was carried out for correlation between the free and inclusion oils.The paleo oil is most likely sourced from the Lower Permian Fengeheng Formation,which generated hydrocarbons primarily during Late Triassic and the oils were later secondarily altered and dysmigrated along faults likely during Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous.In contrast,the current reservoired oil/gas-condensate mainly derived from the Middle Permian Lower Wuerhe Formation,whose peak generation time last from Late Cretaceous even to the present.This paper showed that integrated oil-bearing fluid inclusion analyses have likely allowed a complex multi-phase charge history to be recognized and resolved with a high degree of confidence.

Film mulching treatment inf luences dry matter and yield of oil flax in semi-arid area of China

A feld study was set up to compare dry matter accumulation and grain yield of 3 different types of flm mulching, namely FFC （full flm muched on tiny ridges covered with soil）, PFC （full flm muched covered with soil）, and PF （full flm muched with no cover）. The experiment was laid out in a complete random design with 3 replications at north-west （34°40′N, 105°06′E） of China. This study determined that （1） flm mulching treatment increased leaf area and dry matter accumulation of oil fax in semi-arid areas; （2） accu-mulation of dry matter under PFC treatment was markedly higher than other treatments except anthesis stage; （3） average grain yield of oil fax under flm mulching treatment was 52.67%-60.33% higher than fat plot without mulched or ridge （CK） treatment; （4） grain yield of oil fax was substantially correlated with plant height, grain number and 1,000 kernels weight. This study demonstrated that flm mulching has signifcant effects on crop grain yield improvement in the northwest of China.

陆相坳陷湖盆细粒沉积岩岩相类型及成因——以松辽盆地晚白垩世青山口组为例

页岩油是目前非常规油气研究的热点与难点。细粒沉积岩岩相类型及成因分析是页岩油“源储”特征研究及“甜点”预测的有效途径。松辽盆地青山口组细粒沉积广泛发育,是页岩油富集的有效层段。本文通过岩性、矿物成分、有机质丰度与沉积构造4个参数,将松辽盆地青山口组细粒沉积岩划分为6种岩相:高有机质泥纹层黏土质页岩(A)、中高有机质含细粉砂纹层长英质页岩(B)、中低有机质含粗粉砂纹层长英质页岩(C)、低有机质层状粉砂岩(D)、低有机质层状介形虫灰岩(E)和低有机质层状白云岩(F)。进一步从水动力学与有机质富集方面探讨了不同岩相类型的成因,并建立了相应的沉积模式。具体为:在风暴浪基面之下的静水、咸水环境、高湖泊生产力背景中,浮游藻类与黏土絮状物均匀悬浮沉降,形成贫富有机质黏土质纹层,沉积A岩相;在正常浪基面之下的相对静水(浪基面附近局部动荡)、半咸水环境、高湖泊生产力背景中,三角洲径流与洪流带来的细粉砂颗粒继续向湖盆中央搬运,经均匀悬浮沉降形成长英质纹层,间歇期悬浮沉降形成黏土质纹层,形成B岩相;正常浪基面之下,洪水携带粉砂级颗粒,顺着水下分流河道搬运至外前缘,以稳定性浊流的形式进入前三角洲,随流速逐渐降低,分异形成粗粉砂—细粉砂纹层,间歇期悬浮沉降形成黏土质纹层,形成C岩相;正常浪基面之下,三角洲前缘早期沉积物在阵发性浊流的作用下,滑塌至较深水区,形成D和E岩相;于正常浪基面与风暴浪基面之间,在相对干燥的气候背景下的咸水环境中,形成F岩相。

我国发展木本油料产业的潜力、挑战及建议

发展木本油料产业是保障国家粮油安全的重要战略抉择。木本油料具有“不与粮争地”的优势,可种植面积广,作物适应性强,品质优势突出,消费前景广阔,既有供给潜力又有现实需求。当前提高木本油料产能普遍面临着“重栽种,轻管护”现象和“高投入,低产出”困境未破除,以及产业发展的现代经营体系支撑乏力等挑战。在此基础上,提出了加快建立健全产出导向的政策支持机制,着力破解投入约束和降低经营风险,持续强化科技支撑和服务体系建设,推进产业融合发展提质增效等对策建议。

叶面喷施胺鲜酯及其与油菜素内酯复配液对油用牡丹生理特性及产量的影响

为筛选出适合油用牡丹高产高效栽培中的植物生长调节剂应用技术,本试验以凤丹为材料,分别于盛花期(4月7日)、籽粒形成期(4月18日)、果荚与籽粒快速生长期(5月10日)叶面喷施不同质量浓度的胺鲜酯(D1、D2和D3)及其与油菜素内酯复配液(BD1、BD2和BD3),研究其对植株生理特性、籽粒产量指标(百粒重、单果籽粒重、单株籽粒重及籽粒产量)的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,喷施植物生长调节剂处理的牡丹叶片生理特性和籽粒产量关键参数均有明显提高:7月3日时,BD2处理叶片SOD活性较对照显著提高5.24%;5月19日和7月3日时,所有处理叶片MDA含量均较对照显著降低;7月3日时,所有处理叶片可溶性糖含量与对照均有显著性差异,其中BD2处理最高,较对照增加33.84%;6月10日时,所有处理叶片总叶绿素含量均显著高于对照,其中BD3处理增幅最大,为98.11%;3个测定时期,除6月10日的BD3处理外其他处理叶片净光合速率均显著高于对照,且随着胺鲜酯质量浓度的提高呈现先增加后降低趋势。所有处理单株籽粒重及籽粒产量均显著高于对照,其中BD3增幅均最大,分别为10.45%与10.44%。相关性分析表明,SOD活性与Chl a、Chl b、Car、总叶绿素含量和净光合速率呈极显著正相关,与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,与MDA含量呈极显著负相关;总叶绿素含量与净光合速率呈极显著正相关,净光合速率与单果籽粒重、单株籽粒重和籽粒产量呈显著正相关。综之,12、16 mg/L胺鲜酯与0.05 mg/L油菜素内酯复配喷施油用牡丹植株的生理特性表现优异,并可获得较高籽粒产量。

新疆畜禽饲料资源中粗蛋白含量的调查研究

试验旨在研究新疆不同地州间各种常规饲料原料的粗蛋白含量和分布情况,为各地州饲粮合理配制提供科学依据。对新疆全区14个地州的13种115个主要畜禽饲料原料在科学采样的基础上进行粗蛋白含量测定。对同类不同种饲料样品和不同饲料样品的粗蛋白含量进行单因素方差分析,比较不同饲料原料中粗蛋白含量的差异及不同地区之间的差异。结果表明:不同原料除青贮玉米外,干物质含量都在92%以上;粮油加工副产物的粗蛋白含量最高,粮食作物秸秆粗蛋白含量最低。8个地州采集玉米样品中喀什的粗蛋白含量最高。全疆各地州的各种类饲料原料中粗蛋白含量相互之间变化非常大,因此,实际应用中要充分考虑到不同区域饲粮中粗蛋白含量,为精准配方、精准营养提供技术支撑。

省一流专业引领下“粮油加工副产物综合利用”课程创新创业元素的设计与实践

建设一流专业,深化课程改革,将创新创业教育融入人才培养全过程,持续提升创新创业教育水平,是培养大学生科技人才的重要途径。基于省一流专业建设背景下,本文根据《粮油加工副产物综合利用》课程性质与特点,围绕教学目标,在创新创业教育理念指导下,探索开发与实施粮食工程专业大学生实践案例教学的方法。为改善课程授课形式单一、实践教学环节薄弱、教学评估维度单一等教学现实困境,通过产业案例启发教学、课堂展示、小组创新实验设计开发、科学家精神培育及延伸第二课堂科创竞赛教学等改进举措和多维评估持续机制,以构建基于“课堂-实验-实践”建设思路的“三位一体”创新创业教学协同育人平台,多维度激发学生创新创业能力。以期通过专业课程为载体,搭建平台育人体系,推动专业知识与学生创新创业能力的平衡发展,从而提高粮食工程创新创业人才培养水平。