Stress Field of Non-equilibrium Grain Boundaries in Nano-crystalline Metals

Introducing the stress distribution near grain boundaries to improve the dislocation pileup model for the Halt-Petch (H-P) relation, the continuous distribution of dislocations in the pileup could be solved by means of Tschebysheff polynomials for the Hilbert transformation. An analytical formula of the stress intensity factor for the dislocation pileup is obtained. The reverse H-P relation may be explained by the modified dislocation-pileup-model.

Phase-field model of isothermal solidification with multiple grain growth

This paper develops a new phase-field model for equiaxed dendrite growth of multiple grains in multicomponent alloys based on the Ginzberg-Landau theory and phase-field model of a single grain. Taking Al-Cu and Al-Cu-Mg alloys for example, it couples the concentration field and simulates the dendrite growth process of multiple grains during isothermal solidification. The result of the simulation shows dendrite competitive growth of multiple grains, and is reapplied to the process of dendrite growth in practical solidification.

Multi-phase field simulation of grain growth in multiple phase transformations of a binary alloy

This work establishes a temperature-controlled sequence function, and a new multi-phase-field model, for liquid- solid-solid multi-phase transformation by coupling the liquid-solid phase transformation model with the solid-solid phase transformation model. Taking an Fe-C alloy as an example, the continuous evolution of a multi-phase transformation is simulated by using this new model. In addition, the growth of grains affected by the grain orientation of the parent phase （generated in liquid-solid phase transformation） in the solid-solid phase transformation is studied. The results show that the morphology of ferrite grains which nucleate at the boundaries of the austenite grains is influenced by the orientation of the parent austenite grains. The growth rate of ferrite grains which nucleate at small-angle austenite grain boundaries is faster than those that nucleate at large-angle austenite grain boundaries. The difference of the growth rate of ferrites grains in different parent phase that nucleate at large-angle austenite grain boundaries, on both sides of the boundaries, is greater than that of ferrites nucleating at small-angle austenite grain boundaries.

The Drift of Dust Grains Induced by Transient Magnetic Field

Our experiment shows that the dust grains, suspended on the edge of the sheath of a radio-frequency discharge, undergo a contraction when switching a vertical magnetic field on, and an expansion when switching the magnetic field off. We call this kind of magnetic field "transient magnetic field". A primary analysis is proposed for the phenomenon.

Effects of low-frequency magnetic field on grain boundary segregation in horizontal direct chill casting of 2024 aluminum alloy

Effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on grain boundary segregation in horizontal direct chill (HDC) casting process was investigated experimentally. The grain boundary segregation and microstructures of the ingots, which manufactured by conventional HDC casting and low frequency electromagnetic HDC casting were compared. Results show that low frequency electromagnetic field significantly refines the microstructures and reduces grain boundary segregation. Decreasing electromagnetic frequency or increasing electromagnetic intensity has great effects in reducing grain boundary segregation. Meanwhile, the governing mechanisms were discussed.

Research on the grain refinement under pulsed magnetic field

In this paper,the principle of Pulsed Magnetic Field(PMF) force was analyzed through mathematical analyses.By theoretical analysis and calculation,the results show that the great electromagnetic force is made in the melt under pulsed magnetic field,as well as changing its direction in different places of melt at the same time.It enforces the crystallizing nucleus and brittle crystallite to fragment in the solidification processing.From the point of view,one of the main factors of grain refinement is that the fragmentations occur under a pulsed magnetic field by preliminary judgement. The feasibility of application in the metallurgical industry under PMF was discussed through comparing the results of grain refinement under EMS.According to the theoretic calculation,the power consumption under EMS is 5 -8 times the amount under PMF,when both of magnetic flux density B are 0.07T.That is to say,the better effect on grain refining can be obtained under PMF,compared with EMS,even in the lower power consumption.The solidification experiments of Sn-20%Pb alloy are conducted under the same experimental conditions that the magnetic intensity is 0.07T in the center of the crucible,it also shows that PMF has a better effect on grain refining than EMS. Combined with the continuous casting process,the influence of pulsed parameters and the metallurgical effects with applying PMF at different solidification stages was investigated.There are different grain refining effects under PMF in different solidification stages,and there are different grain refining effects under PMF in different PMF parameters.For the Sn-20%Pb alloy or silicon steel,it is more effective during the initial stage,in which the pulse frequency is 5Hz.For the Sn-20%Pb alloy,the average grain size ofβphase is the smallest,when applying the PMF during the temperature of melt decreasing from 201℃to 184℃.Further investigation of the specified technique parameters for industrial applications are required.

Phase-field simulation of the coupled evolutions of grain and twin boundaries in nanotwinned polycrystals

Nanotwinned polycrystals exhibit an excellent strength-ductility combination due to nanoscale twins and grains. However, nanotwin-assisted grain coarsening under mechanical loading reported in recent experiments may result in strength drop based on the Hall-Petch law. In this paper, a phase-field model is developed to investigate the effect of coupled evolutions of twin and grain boundaries on nanotwin-assisted grain growth. The simulation result demonstrates that there are three pathways for coupled motions of twin and grain boundaries in a bicrystal under the applied loading, dependent on the amplitude of applied loading and misorientation of the bicrystal. It reveals that a large misorientation angle and a large applied stress promote the twinning-driven grain boundary migration. The resultant twin-assisted grain coarsening is confirmed in the simulations for the microstructural evolutions in twinned and un-twinned polycrystals under a high applied stress.

Primary Recrystallization of Grain Oriented Silicon Steel Strip Rolled by CSR and Annealed in Magnetic Field

The magnetic properties and textures of grain oriented silicon steel with different thickness rolled by cross shear rolling （CSR） of different mismatched speed ratio （MSR） and annealed in magnetic field under hydrogen were presented.Effects of the factors such as thickness and mismatched speed ratio on the magnetic properties and recrystallization texture were analyzed and the recrystallization principles in magnetic field annealing were discussed. The study would provide a new route for mass production of high quality ultra-thin grain oriented silicon steel strip.

渗流作用下粗粒土冻结壁交圈规律及预测模型探索

由于渗流作用下的冻结壁发育规律不明等原因,部分冻结法施工工程依靠人工经验,缺乏科学的预测模型,与精准化设计和控制还有很长的距离。为探索渗流作用下冻结法施工中粗粒土层冻结壁的演化规律,本文首先建立冻结法施工数值模型,并通过室内模型试验反演验证所建立模型的有效性和适用性。之后,考虑渗流速度、冻结管间距、环境温度、含水率和导热系数等五个因素,开展冻结壁形成正交数值试验,确定冻结壁交圈时间和厚度的主控因素。最后,通过数值模拟研究主控因素作用下冻结壁的发育和演化规律。基于结果建立临界流速、冻结壁厚度、冻结壁交圈时间的预测模型,给出冻结法施工参数的选择方案。结果表明,建立的冻土水热相变耦合模型可有效模拟渗流条件下土体冻结过程,能够满足冻结壁发育过程计算分析的需要。基于正交数值试验结果发现,渗流速度对冻结壁厚度和交圈时间的贡献百分比分别为78%和52%,是影响冻结壁能否交圈和最终厚度的主控因素。当渗流速度超过一定阈值时,冻结壁无法交圈。本文将这一阈值定义为冻结法施工中的临界流速。当冻结壁能够交圈,其最终形成的冻结壁厚度也主要由渗流速度决定,二者呈负指数函数关系。冻结管间距对冻结壁最终厚度影响不大,但是对冻结壁交圈时间影响较大,它们之间存在负指数函数关系。本文给出了0~6 m·d^(-1)条件下的临界流速、冻结壁厚度、冻结壁交圈时间计算模型,它们可为粗粒土地层的冻结法施工参数选择和施工工艺设计提供理论指导。

粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土水盐迁移规律及变形特性研究

针对封闭系统下粗颗粒硫酸盐渍土在冻结过程中的水盐迁移和变形特性开展了理论和试验研究。基于非饱和多孔介质热弹性理论,考虑孔隙水盐相变,建立了适用于粗颗粒盐渍土水-热-盐-力多场耦合模型,并对单向冻结条件下粗颗粒盐渍土的温度场、水分场、盐分场和位移场分布进行了数值模拟。通过配制含硫酸盐的细砂作为土样开展了单向冻结条件下的室内试验,测定了冻结过程中的温度、水分、盐分以及变形的分布,并与数值结果进行了比较,验证了理论模型的有效性。结果表明:砂土结构孔隙更大,水分和盐分更容易渗透和迁移,在单向冻结试验中,水盐迁移速度更快;细砂的轴向位移呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,且收缩变形持续时间较黏土更长;由于暖端水分向冷端迁移致使暖端土体孔隙减小,下部土体变得更加密实,土柱下部侧壁压力大于上部。

半地下双层浅圆仓静态储粮温度场的数值分析

粮食温度是影响储粮安全的最重要因素之一,为揭示半地下双层浅圆仓的储粮温度场分布规律,本文建立了地上浅圆仓和地下仓的粮堆数学分析模型,并通过现场实验结果验证了模型的有效性。以此为基础建立了半地下双层浅圆仓数值模型,分析低温入粮后静态储藏1年期间的粮堆温度场变化规律。结果表明:半地下双层浅圆仓地上层靠近仓壁2 m内的粮温受外界气温影响变化明显,温度范围在10.62~27.37℃,地下层粮温常年处在准低温状态,平均温度不超过地下恒温区温度17℃;入冬时地上层粮堆在距仓壁1~3 m之间会短期形成一个热量聚集区,导致近仓壁处粮堆温差较大,随后外围区温度缓慢降低,形成“热心冷皮”;仓壁的保温隔热措施可有效减小气温对粮温的影响,地上层夏季最高粮温较未做保温的地上浅圆仓低3.86℃左右。研究结果可为半地下双层浅圆仓的推广应用提供技术支持。

地下仓粮堆局部发热温度场数值模拟研究

为了解地下仓粮堆局部发热对粮堆温度场变化的影响,以高水分玉米为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法,通过在地下仓粮堆内加入内置热源模拟粮堆局部发热,研究了地下仓粮堆在内置热源数量与表面温度不同情况下的粮堆内部温度场变化。结果表明:当地下仓粮堆中心测点发热时,热源周围相同半径内上方温度明显高于下方,在粮堆上部容易产生次热源;当地下仓粮堆右侧临近仓壁和装粮线处以及装粮线中心处同时发热时,粮堆左下部容易产生次热源;当地下仓粮堆右侧临近仓壁和装粮线处、左侧紧贴仓壁和装粮线处以及装粮线中心处同时发热时,粮堆下部容易产生次热源,并且热源温度为45℃时的粮堆内部温度明显高于热源温度为35℃时的粮堆内部温度。

不同季秸秆还田对冬小麦不同穗粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响

为探讨安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区长期秸秆连续全量还田对冬小麦穗部结实特性的影响,2021-2022年基于农业农村部华东地区作物栽培科学观测站13年的长期定位试验,比较分析了小麦单季秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田(T1)、小麦玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田(T2)、玉米秸秆全量粉碎翻埋还田(T3)、小麦玉米秸秆全年不还田(CK)4个不同还田模式下小麦不同小穗位结实粒数及粒重的差异。结果表明,T1、T2、T3处理的主茎穗小穗结实总粒数较CK分别提高了21.21%、7.50%和12.55%;第2粒位(G2)结实粒数分别提高了7.71%、7.71%和5.79%;上部小穗结实粒数分别提高了51.41%、22.79%和31.36%,其G2结实粒数分别提高了30.95%、30.95%和23.09%,其中T1处理对小麦粒数的提升效果最好。不同季秸秆还田处理下小麦主茎穗及其G2粒重、分蘖穗及其第三粒位(G3)粒重均高于CK,T1、T2和T3处理的主茎穗粒重增幅分别为16.06%、4.14%和16.06%,分蘖穗增幅分别为9.86%、0.71%和8.87%;T1、T2和T3处理下主茎穗G2粒重增幅分别为20.69%、10.34%和17.24%,分蘖穗G3粒重4.55%、2.27%和6.82%,其中T1处理对粒重提升效果最好,其次是T3。综合来看,在安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区长期秸秆还田能够提高小麦穗粒数和粒重,进而促进产量提升,其中T1处理对小麦结实粒数和粒重的提升效果最好,是适宜在该地区推广的秸秆还田模式。

MIXED-GRAINED CMOS FIELD PROGRAMMABLE ANALOG ARRAY FOR SMART SENSORY APPLICATIONS

The drive towards shorter design cycles for analog integrated circuits has given impetus to the development of Field Programmable Analog Arrays(FPAAs),which are the analogue counterparts of Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs).In this paper,we present a new design methodology which using FPAA as a powerful analog front-end processing platform in the smart sensory microsystem.The proposed FPAA contains 16 homogeneous mixed-grained Configurable Analog Blocks(CABs) which house a variety of processing elements especially the proposed fine-grained Core Configurable Amplifiers(CCAs).The high flexible CABs allow the FPAA operating in both continuous-time and discrete-time approaches suitable to support variety of sensors.To reduce the nonideal parasitic effects and save area,the fat-tree interconnection network is adopted in this FPAA.The functionality of this FPAA is demonstrated through embedding of voltage and capacitive sensor signal readout circuits and a configurable band pass filter.The minimal detectable voltage and capacitor achieves 38 uV and 8.3 aF respectively within 100 Hz sensor bandwidth.The power consumption comparison of CCA in three applications shows that the FPAA has high power efficiency.And the simulation results also show that the FPAA has good tolerance with wide PVT variations.

贵州青黄泥田重金属元素低积累水稻品种筛选

以贵州中部地区近年主栽的10个水稻品种为试验材料,在中轻度重金属复合污染农田土壤上开展田间原位小区试验,探究不同水稻品种对镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)的吸收累积能力差异,并筛选出适宜贵州中部青黄泥田种植的重金属低累积水稻品种。结果表明,不同水稻品种根区土壤重金属含量存在一定的田间异质性,且同一品种的重复之间也具有一定的田间异质性;不同水稻品种糙米对不同重金属元素累积具有显著性差异,参试水稻品种糙米对重金属的富集能力强弱整体表现为Zn>Cd>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb。水稻品种间对同一典型有害重金属元素的累积存在显著差异,按照糙米中重金属含量进行聚类分析,可以把水稻品种划分为较高值类、中间值类和较低值类3个类别。10个水稻品种糙米综合污染指数(P_(Z))(0.94~3.34)介于无污染至重度污染之间,Cr为主要污染贡献者,其单项污染指数(P_(i))在0.47~1.94之间。供试水稻品种产量在8242.8~13434.0 kg/hm^(2)之间,平均产量为10843.8 kg/hm^(2),极差相差较大,为47.9%。筛选出宜香优800为适宜该地种植的重金属低积累水稻品种。

不同产量水平麦田植株氮素转运和籽粒氮素积累的差异

【目的】提高开花后营养器官氮素转运量和开花后氮素积累量,改善籽粒氮素积累特性,有利于提高小麦氮素积累量和产量。为明确不同产量水平麦田植株氮素利用效率差异形成的生理机制,缩小产量差和提高氮素利用率,实现小麦高产高效生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2020—2022年连续两年在山东省小孟镇史王村进行大田试验,以烟农1212为种植材料,选择常年冬小麦产量水平在10500 kg·hm^(-2)(S)、9000 kg·hm^(-2)(H)和7500 kg·hm^(-2)(M)左右的3个产量水平麦田,比较分析不同产量水平麦田植株氮素积累与转运、籽粒氮素积累特征和籽粒产量的差异。【结果】相较于H和M麦田,S麦田显著提高了单位面积穗数和千粒重,籽粒产量比H、M麦田分别高19.64%—27.91%、51.68%—80.87%,从而获得了最高的氮素吸收效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素收获指数;S麦田开花期营养器官氮素积累量较H、M麦田分别提高14.22—42.11、53.74—103.16 kg·hm^(-2),成熟期营养器官氮素积累量表现为S、H>M;与H和M麦田相比,S麦田显著提高了开花前营养器官氮素的转运量和开花后氮素积累量,提高了开花后营养器官氮素积累量对籽粒的贡献率,从而获得最高的成熟期籽粒氮素积累量;S麦田显著提高了开花后旗叶游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量,促进了氮素的源库间转运;Logistic方程拟合可知,S麦田显著提高了籽粒氮素最大积累速率和平均积累速率,延长籽粒氮素积累持续时间,是其获得最高籽粒氮素积累量的主要原因。【结论】S麦田适宜的土壤环境显著提高了单位面积穗数和千粒重,有利于促进营养器官贮存氮素向籽粒的转运量,提高籽粒氮素积累速率,延长籽粒氮素积累持续期,是其获得最高籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率的主要原因。

镍基高温合金SLM过程中熔池内的微观结构演变数值模拟

采用有限元耦合相场的方法研究IN718高温合金在激光选区熔化过程中熔池内的竞争性生长和晶粒/枝晶结构的演变。通过有限元解决热演化问题,然后将结果输入相场模型,相场模拟涉及晶粒成核、晶粒外延生长和晶粒竞争的微观结构演变。基于对熔池横向和纵向截面微观结构演变的分析,讨论SLM过程中枝晶竞争性生长的机制,并量化计算熔池中溶质元素Nb的浓度分布。结果表明,枝晶竞争性生长受温度梯度和晶体学取向的影响,具有高错配角(>22.5°)的不利取向晶粒将很快被有利取向晶粒淘汰。

超声能场在金属增材制造组织性能调控中的应用

针对金属增材制造构件存在微观组织缺陷、残余应力及各向异性等问题,各种组织性能调控技术应运而生。结合近年来超声能场对增材制造组织性能调控的研究工作,详细分析了超声能场在增材制造过程中的“液-固”双重效应,总结了超声能场对增材制造金属材料的显微组织及其表面粗糙度、显微硬度、残余应力、耐腐蚀等性能的影响。研究表明,超声能场使材料内部组织晶粒显著细化、孔隙率降低、耐腐蚀性能提高;同时使增材制造构件显微硬度升高,应力状态向有利于构件性能的残余压应力转变。

弱交变磁场辅助晶界扩散增强烧结钕铁硼磁体矫顽力

采用物理气相沉积工艺在商用N35级烧结钕铁硼磁体表面沉积0.3 wt%的镝金属,并在910℃的热处理过程中施加频率为50 Hz的弱磁场,研究了弱交变磁场辅助晶界扩散对磁体矫顽力的影响。磁性能测试显示,相比于原始磁体,常规扩散和0.3 T弱交变磁场辅助扩散的矫顽力分别增加了3.28 kOe和5.02 kOe。基于扫描电镜图像,使用ImageJ软件分析了扩散磁体中的粒径分布,发现与原始磁体的平均粒径相比,磁场辅助扩散过程中晶粒没有进一步长大,但常规扩散磁体的平均粒径却增长了约0.5μm。能量色散光谱仪线扫描结果显示,在距磁体镀镝表面400~1500μm范围内,磁场辅助扩散磁体的镝含量明显高于常规扩散。结果表明,弱交变磁场辅助晶界扩散能够有效抑制晶粒长大和增加镝元素沿晶界扩散的深度;磁体矫顽力的提升应归因于这些效应的叠加。实验结果为进一步优化烧结钕铁硼磁体晶界扩散工艺提供了新方案。

行波磁场对Cu-Ni-Si-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

研究了在凝固过程中行波磁场对Cu-Ni-Si-Mg合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着磁场电流强度的增加,在晶粒细化的同时,合金的组织形貌逐渐向等轴晶转变,树枝晶在磁场的作用下尺寸不断减小。磁场电流为90 A时晶粒细化效果最好,铸锭几乎全部由细小的等轴晶组成,晶粒尺寸降至(0.5±0.19) mm,相比于未加行波磁场的合金,晶粒细化了约94%。采用透射电子显微镜对显微组织进行观察,并对衍射花样进行标定,发现晶界处的析出相为δ-Ni2Si。在磁场电流为60 A的条件下,合金的拉伸性能最好,与未施加磁场的样品相比,屈服强度提高了41.8%,抗拉强度提高了12.9%,但合金的硬度不受行波磁场影响。本文通过行波磁场细化晶粒,为提高时效强化型铜合金的强度提供了一种可规模化生产的技术。