Effects of exogenous ABA application on post-anthesis dry matter redistribution and grain starch accumulation of winter wheat with different staygreen characteristics

The objective of this study was to investigate whether and how exogenous abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in mediating starch accumulation in the grain and redistribution of carbohydrates during grain filling of two wheat cultivars with different staygreen characteristics.At blooming stage,plants of Wennong 6(a staygreen cultivar)and Jimai 20(control)were sprayed with10 mg L-1abscisic acid(ABA)for 3 days.The application of ABA significantly(P<0.05)increased grain filling rate,starch accumulation rate and content,remobilization of dry matters to kernels,and 1000-grain weight of the two cultivars.Exogenous ABA markedly(P<0.05)increased grain yield at maturity,and Wennong 6 and Jiami 20 showed 14.14%and 4.86%higher compared yield than the control.Dry matter accumulation after anthesis of Wennong 6 was also significantly(P<0.05)influenced by exogenous ABA,whereas that of Jimai 20 was unchanged.Application of ABA increased endogenous zeatin riboside(ZR)content 7 days after anthesis(DAA),and spraying ABA significantly increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and ABA contents from 7 to 21 DAA and decreased gibberellin(GA3)content at 14 DAA,but increased GA3content from 21 to 35 DAA.The results suggested that increased yield of staygreen was due to greater starch assimilation owing to a higher filling rate and longer grain-filling duration.

Construction of Vectors to Express Foreign Protein within Potato Starch Grains

[Objective] The aim is to study the construction of vectors expressing foreign protein in potato starch grains specifically, and provide some reference for solving industrialized core problem of high cost and low expression level of foreign protein. [Method] By using molecular biological techniques of RT-PCR and nested PCR, plant expression vector for the foreign protein locating in the potato starch grains was constructed. [ Result] Coding sequence （ GC20 ） of potato starch grains that was located and expressed by GBSSI promoter was cloned. Plant expression vector was screened out through connection, transformation and enzyme digestion identification. [ Conclusion] This result laid a foundation for further screening the foreign protein on the potato starch grains.

Morphological Change of Starch Grain Based on Simulated Experiment and its Significance of Agricultural Archaeology——Taking Wheat as an Example

[Objective] The aim was to research and identify starch grain microfossil found in archaeological sites in China, and to find appropriate procedures for the starch grain analysis experiment.[Method] Wheat starch grain size distribution was analyzed, and some simulated experiments were carried out, like mortar grinding, ultrasonic treatment, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide immersion, drying treatment, and so on. [Result] The mean size of wheat starch grains had increased in the growth process. Mortar grinding would make wheat starch grains larger than untreated sample. Long time of ultrasonic treatment can also make the starch grain size larger. 10% HCl and 6% H2O2 would have little effects on morphological feature of wheat starch grains. Low temperature heating did not cause starch grains to be gelatinized. [Conclusion] These experiment results can improve the accuracy of starch grain microfossil identification in the archaeological site. Starch grain analysis may be a utility and effective analytical tool in studying the origin of agriculture and the dispersal of crops in China.

Starch Digestibility and Physicochemical and Cooking Properties of Irradiated Rice Grains

This study evaluated the starch digestibility, physicochemical properties and cooking characteristics of polished rice（varieties IRGA417 and IAC202） subjected to the doses of 0（as the control）, 1, 2 and 5 k Gy of gamma radiation. The highest dose decreased the apparent amylose content, peak viscosity, water absorption and volume expansion. Irradiation increased the solid loss by 119% and 187% for IAC202 and IRGA417, respectively, when comparing the higher dose with the control. For IAC202, irradiation decreased the rapidly digestible starch and increased the slowly digestible starch（SDS） and resistant starch（RS）. IRGA417 showed an elevation of SDS and a reduction in RS. And 1 k Gy dose of gamma radiation generated the highest level of RS for both the two varieties and presented the smallest changes in other physicochemical and cooking properties.

Relationship Between Variation in Activities of Key Enzymes Related to Starch Synthesis During Grain Filling Period and Quality of Eating and Cooking in Rice

Four japonica rice varieties with significant differences in quality of eating and cooking were used in the experiment. The varieties showed differences in amylose and amylopectin contents at different grain filling stages, which were attributed to the accumulative speed of starch at different grain filling stages. During grain filling period, the varieties had no difference in the time when the activities of ADPglocose pyrophosphorylase （AGPP） and soluble starch synthesis （SSS） reached a maximum, but had difference in the time when the activity of starch branching enzyme （SBE） reached a maximum, in which the inferior quality varieties were earlier than the high quality ones, and high quality varieties still kept high enzyme activities at the late stage of grain filling. The correlation and correlative degree between AGPP, SSS, SBE and amylose content, amylopectin content, taste meter value, and RVA properties varied with the different stages of grain filling. The correlation between SSS activity and taste meter value was not significant during the whole period of grain filling, but the activities of AGPP and SBE had significant or highly significant correlation with taste meter value. It was helpful for improving quality of eating and cooking of japonica rice to use the materials with low enzyme activity at the early stage of grain filling or high enzyme activity at the late stage as parents.

Effect of Temperature at Grain Filling Stage on Activities of Key Enzymes Related to Starch Synthesis and Grain Quality of Rice

Three japonica rice varieties with different cooking and eating quality were grown at high temperature in the greenhouse and natural field. Effects of temperature at the grain filling stage on these varieties were investigated in terms of the activities of key enzymes related to starch synthesis and cooking and eating quality of rice grain. The high temperature at the grain filling stage increased protein content, and decreased amylose content and taste meter value of rice; inferior grain quality varieties showed a greater magnitude of the increase or decrease than the superior ones. Reaction of rapid visco analyser profiles to the temperature varied with rice varieties. The activities of adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphoryiase （AGPP）, soluble starch synthase （SSS） and starch branching enzyme （SBE） gradually increased to a peak value, and thereafter declined as grain filling progressed. Enzyme activities in different varieties differed in a same filling stage, and also in the time when the enzyme activity reached a maximum. AGPP and SSS were insensitive to the environmental temperature, but SBE was comparatively sensitive to the temperature, and its activity declined when temperature was too high or too low.

Methodological impact of starch determination on starch content and ileal digestibility of starch in grain legumes for growing pigs

Background： Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility（AID） of starch in different grain legume cultivars for pigs by means of both a polarimetric and enzymatic method for starch determination.Methods： Three experiments were conducted with six barrows each which were fitted with ileal T-cannulas. In total, 18 diets including six different cultivars of faba beans（Vicia faba L.） and peas（Pisum sativum L.）, five different cultivars of lupins（Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.）, and one diet with a soybean meal（SBM） were fed.Results： The starch content of faba beans and peas was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） when determined polarimetrically than enzymatically（438 vs. 345 g/kg dry matter（DM） in faba beans and 509 vs. 390 g/kg DM in peas, respectively）.Considerable lower starch contents were obtained in lupins and SBM, with 82 and 48 g/kg DM（analyzed polarimetrically） and ＆lt;1.1 and 3 g/kg DM（analyzed enzymatically）, respectively. Mean values for contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and acid detergent fiber（ADF） in grain legumes ranged from 111 and 79 g/kg DM in peas to248 and 207 g/kg DM in lupins, respectively. Contents of condensed tannins in the colored flowered faba bean cultivars ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 g/kg DM. The AID of starch was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） in pea than in faba bean cultivars,and using the polarimetric starch determination method resulted in greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） digestibility values than using enzymatic starch analysis（84 vs. 80% in faba beans and 86 vs. 83% in peas）. Moreover, AID of starch differed（P ＆lt; 0.05）within pea cultivars and starch digestibility in faba beans decreased linearly（P ＆lt; 0.05） as the content of condensed tannins increased. However, there was no relationship between contents of NDF and ADF and AID of starch in pea and faba bean cultivars.Conclusion： Both contents and AID of starch in grain legumes can vary as influenced by the analytical method used for starch determination. Generally, starch digestibility is greater when measured by polarimetric rather than enzymatic methods.

Changes in Activities of the Key Enzymes Related to Starch Synthesis in Rice Grains During Grain Filling and Their Relationships with the Filling Rate and Cooking Quality

With 10 rice cultivars (lines) as materials, the changes in activities of adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(ADPGPase), starch synthase (SSase) and starch branching enzyme (Q-enzyme) in the grains during grain filling, and theirrelationships with the filling rate, gel consistency (GC), alkali spreading value (ASV) and amylose content (AC) werestudied. The results showed that changes in activities of ADPGPase, SSase and Q-enzyme exhibited a single peak duringgrain filling, and the time of the activity peaks for the former two enzymes was earlier than that of the maximum grain-fillingrate (Tmax), and the time reaching the peak for Q-enzyme was synchronous with Tmax. The activities at early grain fillingstage, and the mean and maximum activities of each enzyme during grain filling period were positively and significantly orvery significantly correlated with the mean and maximum grain filling rate and starch content (mg grain-1) in the grains.Activities of ADPGPase at all grain filling stages and those of Q-enzyme at the early and mid filling stages were notsignificantly correlated the cooking quality (GC, ASV and AC). SSase activities at the early filling stage were significantlyand negatively correlated with GC and ASV, and positively correlated with AC. Activities of SSase at mid and late grainfilling stages and Q-enzyme at the late filling stage were significantly and positively correlated with GC and ASV, andnegatively correlated with AC. Spraying zeatin or abscisic acid at early grain filling stage could obviously regulate theactivities of ADPGPase, SSase and Q-enzyme in the grains.

The Effect of Maize Grain Size on the Physicochemical Properties of Isolated Starch, Crude Maize Flour and Nixtamalized Maize Flours

Usually, the maize cob is formed by grains of medium size. However, the extremes have larger or smaller size grains. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of grain size from the same hybrid on the physicochemical properties of isolated starch, crude maize flours and nixtamalized maize flours. Two hybrids, one from CIMMyT-Mexico called IMIC-254 and one commercial sample from Monsanto (Puma) were studied. The isolated starch granules from small, medium, and large grains exhibit the same size and distribution. The grain size has influence in the determination of cooking and steeping times;small grains reach these parameters faster than medium and large ones. The hardness of the grain size for both hybrids does not showed statistical differences between them. The starch from small, medium and large grains is mainly composed of amylopectin;this result is confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Megazine analysis. The apparent viscosity of the isolated starches of small grains showed statistically significant higher peak values. According to these results, it is possible to use small, medium, and large grains to obtain products with the same physicochemical properties, by adjusting the cooking and steeping times and Ca2+ content.

糯小麦“山农糯麦1号”籽粒及淀粉品质分析

为更好地了解糯小麦的品种特性,以山东省第一个审定的高产糯小麦“山农糯麦1号”为材料,研究其籽粒和淀粉特性。结果发现:该品种几乎不含直链淀粉(仅0.1%),较普通小麦具有较高的蛋白质含量(16.4%)和面粉白度(81.2%)。扫描电镜观察淀粉粒度分布不均匀,A型淀粉颗粒较多。快速粘度分析(RVA)测定表明淀粉具有较低的糊化温度,较短的糊化时间,较低的峰值黏度、最终粘度和回生值。加工时面团吸水率明显较高,形成时间大于稳定时间。这些结果将为山农糯麦1号适于用作配粉和加工食品提供参考依据。

淀粉及其改性产品对东鞍山细粒赤铁矿聚团——磁选的影响

针对东鞍山强磁选抛尾存在粒度小于20μm的微细粒铁矿物流失的问题,研究了不同种类淀粉及其改性产品对微细粒赤铁矿的选择性聚团效果,通过团聚—磁选试验确定了适宜的团聚药剂和用量,借助偏光显微镜和红外光谱等手段检测了药剂与赤铁矿和石英作用前后的形貌特征,最后通过研究高分子药剂的作用机理,论述了药剂的选择性和团聚效果。结果表明:在药剂用量为200 g/t时,交联玉米淀粉的选矿指标优于其他几种药剂,团聚药剂的加入能实现微细粒赤铁矿的选择性聚团,使铁精矿回收率提高2.13~3.94个百分点,选矿效率提高2.77~3.46个百分点,但由于赤铁矿被团聚后呈不规则絮状,在较大的聚团中会夹杂少量石英,导致磁选精矿铁品位略微降低。

氮素穗肥对杂交籼稻籽粒灌浆影响及其与淀粉合成关键酶活性间关系

【目的】为明确氮素穗肥对杂交稻籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。【方法】选用两个直链淀粉含量差异较大的杂交稻品种锦优1319(高直链淀粉)和蓉优702(低直链淀粉),在不同的氮素穗肥处理下(设0、60、90和120 kg/hm^(2)4个纯氮水平,分别用CK、N1、N2、N3表示)研究氮素穗肥水平对籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。【结果】不同穗肥处理下杂交稻籽粒灌浆特性差异显著,且不同类型品种表现各异,其中氮素穗肥的施用显著降低了稻米的直链淀粉含量。锦优1319的Gmax和Gmean随氮素穗肥水平的变化均表现为N2>CK>N1>N3,而蓉优702则表现为N3>N2>CK>N1;施用氮素穗肥显著增加了花后5~25 d籽粒腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶(ADPG)和淀粉分支酶(DBE)的活性,降低了花后5~15 d籽粒GBSS活性,降低了花后5~25 d籽粒淀粉合成酶(SSS)和SBE活性。【结论】高直链淀粉品种锦优1319籽粒灌浆的最佳氮素穗肥施用量低于低直链淀粉品种蓉优702:其中锦优1319的最佳氮素穗肥施用量为90 kg/hm^(2),蓉优702为120 kg/hm^(2)。施用氮素穗肥显著降低了GBSS、SSS的活性,加之SBE活性下降,DBE活性提高,最终降低稻米直链淀粉含量。本研究条件下,籽粒ADPG活性未对稻米直链淀粉含量产生显著影响。

施磷量对不同耐低磷型水稻品质及淀粉合成酶活性的影响

适宜磷肥用量对水稻品质具有一定影响。为明确施磷量对不同耐低磷型水稻品质及其强、弱势粒淀粉合成相关酶活性的影响,以‘连粳7号’(弱耐低磷)和‘甬优2640’(强耐低磷)为供试水稻品种进行盆栽试验,设置4个磷肥施用量(按P_(2)O_(5)计):0 kg·hm^(-2)(P0)、60 kg·hm^(-2)(P60)、120 kg·hm^(-2)(P120)、180 kg·hm^(-2)(P180),分析不同施磷量下稻米品质与淀粉合成酶活性之间的关系,为高品质稻米栽培提供参考。结果表明:1)与P0相比,增施磷肥改善了稻米品质。随着施磷量增加,糙米率、精米率、整精米率呈先增加后降低趋势,垩白粒率、垩白面积、垩白度、碱消值、直链淀粉含量先降低后增加。‘连粳7号’与‘甬优2640’分别在P120、P60时稻米品质最优,糙米率、精米率和整精米率分别比P0增加19.6%、25.3%、79.7%(‘连粳7号’)与17.8%、23.5%、38.4%(‘甬优2640’);‘甬优2640’稻米品质优于‘连粳7号’。2)与P0相比,增施磷肥提高了水稻籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性。腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(StSase)、蔗糖合成酶(SuSase)、淀粉分支酶(Q-酶)、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)活性随施磷量增加先增加后降低。总体来看,‘连粳7号’与‘甬优2640’分别在P120、P60时淀粉合成相关酶活性最高,灌浆中期强势粒AGPase、StSase活性分别比P0增加18.4%、51.1%(‘连粳7号’)与20.0%、51.5%(‘甬优2640’);‘甬优2640’籽粒酶活性高于‘连粳7号’。3)不同耐低磷型品种淀粉合成相关酶活性与蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量相关性不同。淀粉合成相关酶显著或极显著影响‘连粳7号’蛋白质含量,对直链淀粉含量影响较小;淀粉合成相关酶活性显著或极显著影响‘甬优2640’直链淀粉含量,对蛋白质含量影响较小。‘连粳7号’与‘甬优2640’分别在P120、P60处理下能够提高强弱势粒中淀粉合成相关酶活性,促进籽粒中淀粉的合成与积累,有利于水稻品质改善。

大小粒型藜麦籽粒表型、灌浆特性及淀粉合成酶活性的差异分析

【目的】籽粒大小是影响藜麦产量、商品性和加工特性的重要因素,考察灌浆期大小粒型藜麦籽粒表型、灌浆特性和淀粉合成酶活性的差异,可为大粒型藜麦品种的选育提供理论指导。【方法】选择千粒重大于5.0 g和小于3.0 g的藜麦材料各2份,在青海省农林科学院种质资源创新试验基地进行田间试验,比较自灌浆期始7 d、14 d、21 d和28 d籽粒表型、灌浆特性和淀粉合成酶活性等在大小粒型藜麦间的差异。【结果】(1)大小粒型藜麦籽粒面积、周长、直径、粒长、粒宽表型性状随着生育时期均极显著增大,且粒型间存在显著差异,并以籽粒面积和周长差异最大,大粒型藜麦分别显著高于小粒型藜麦9.12%~11.54%和21.49~23.92%。(2)灌浆期间大粒型藜麦百粒干质量始终显著高于同期小粒型藜麦,平均增幅在21.23%~31.04%;大小粒型藜麦灌浆速率随生育期均先上升后下降,均符合“慢—快—慢”的变化规律,但达到峰值时间和峰高明显不同,大粒型峰值出现早而高,小粒型则低而迟。(3)淀粉分支酶(SBE)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)和ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGP)在大小粒型藜麦籽粒灌浆期呈现不同的变化趋势,SBE和SS活性表现为小粒型藜麦强于大粒型藜麦,而SSS和AGP活性则表现为大粒型藜麦强于小粒型藜麦。【结论】藜麦籽粒灌浆期间4种淀粉合成酶活性的差异,致使淀粉合成积累量和灌浆速率峰值的不同,进而形成籽粒表型性状的差异,而SSS和AGPase是影响藜麦籽粒大小形成的关键酶。

膨化技术在谷物淀粉制品加工中的应用及研究进展

介绍了挤压膨化技术、油炸膨化技术、气流膨化技术、微波膨化技术、焙烤膨化技术等常用膨化技术的原理和特点,综述了膨化技术在高粱淀粉、小麦淀粉、稻米淀粉、玉米淀粉、小米淀粉、荞麦淀粉和燕麦淀粉7种谷物淀粉制品生产中的应用现状,并对膨化技术未来研究方向进行了展望。

外源褪黑素对软质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉品质的影响

为了解外源褪黑素对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响,以两个软质小麦品种郑麦825和豫农901为供试材料,在齐穗期喷施不同浓度的外源褪黑素(0、50、100μmol·L^(-1)),比较分析不同浓度外源褪黑素处理后软质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉组分和理化性质的差异。结果表明,喷施外源褪黑素可提高籽粒灌浆速率峰值,延长灌浆活跃期,促进籽粒中干物质的积累,最终提高千粒重及产量。喷施褪黑素后,小麦籽粒的总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、支直比以及大淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比均呈下降趋势,而直链淀粉含量则呈上升趋势。淀粉晶体特性不受外源褪黑素的影响,并呈现典型的A型特征。随着褪黑素浓度的增加,淀粉相对结晶度呈先升后降的变化趋势;淀粉峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、崩解值、回生值在豫农901中呈下降的趋势,在郑麦825中则呈先降后升的趋势。喷施50和100μmol·L^(-1)褪黑素均能显著改善软质小麦籽粒灌浆特性和淀粉理化特性,且褪黑素浓度为100μmol·L^(-1)时增产显著。

水稻糯性突变体r162的鉴定与基因定位

直链淀粉是影响稻米食味品质和外观品质的重要因素,主要由Waxy(Wx)基因编码的颗粒结合淀粉合酶Ⅰ(granule-bound starch synthaseⅠ, GBSSⅠ)介导合成。本研究从宁粳2号的甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)诱变材料中筛选到了一个糯性突变体r162,与野生型相比,其籽粒外观呈不透明的云雾状,种子和糙米的粒长、粒宽以及千粒重显著下降。通过扫描电镜对淀粉形态进行观察,发现突变体的淀粉颗粒上存在孔洞。半薄切片碘染结果表明,突变体r162发育时期胚乳的造粉体排列结构与野生型相似,但碘染后颜色更浅。理化性质分析发现,突变体r162的总淀粉、总蛋白质和总脂肪含量与野生型相比无显著差异,但是表观直链淀粉含量极显著下降、胶稠度极显著增加,糊化特性发生明显改变,并且淀粉的崩解值、回生值、回复值以及米粉在尿素中的膨胀体积均小于野生型。通过基因定位和测序发现,突变基因Wx位于第6号染色体短臂上,Wx基因第7个内含子的第1个碱基(Int7-1)由鸟嘌呤(G)替换为腺嘌呤(A),造成Wx基因的编码区存在10个碱基的缺失,导致其编码的GBSSⅠ蛋白自第256位氨基酸起出现错误翻译,使蛋白质翻译提前终止,因此将该等位变异命名为Wx-r162。进一步通过蛋白质印迹法检测发现,突变体中的GBSSⅠ蛋白水平极显著下降。酶活性测定也证实,突变体r162中GBSSⅠ活性明显降低。综上所述,Wx-r162基因被视为一个新的等位变异,这种突变导致GBSSⅠ活性下降,进而造成突变体r162表观直链淀粉含量降低和籽粒表现出不透明的表型。

玉米新材料昌新19的穗部产量性状和淀粉特性分析

为拓宽玉米种质资源,选育高产优质玉米品种,推动玉米持续增产,利用250Gy 60Co-γ射线处理昌7-2干种子后,通过连续多年对株型、穗部及籽粒性状的筛选获得突变体新材料昌新19。对昌7-2和昌新19籽粒和穗部表型、籽粒淀粉特性进行调查分析。结果发现,昌新19的粒长、粒宽、粒厚、百粒重、行粒数和穗粒重均显著或极显著大于昌7-2,其百粒重和穗粒重分别增加了8.4%和28.8%,具有良好的高产潜力表现。且昌新19的总淀粉含量为70.37%,具有良好的耐剪切性和热稳定性。本研究拓展了玉米新种质,为选育高产玉米新品种提供了理论依据和实践基础。

春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉含量动态累积与分配差异性研究

【目的】研究春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉含量动态累积与分配差异性特征,为专用优质玉米品种选育与生产提供参考。【方法】以驻玉216、驻玉902、驻玉927、郑单958、裕丰303为试验材料,授粉后12 d每隔7 d取果穗内籽粒,烘干至恒重,利用近红外光谱技术快速检测玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉含量,分析籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉动态累积相关关系,比较春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪与淀粉含量动态累积与分配的差异性。【结果】玉米籽粒蛋白质含量春播先急剧下降后平稳变化,夏播先急剧下降后又升高,呈波浪式变化;春夏播玉米籽粒脂肪含量先上升后下降,淀粉含量随籽粒发育基本呈渐进式增加,蛋脂总量整体呈逐步下降趋势。春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪与淀粉累积速率动态呈锯齿状变化。籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉分配春播授粉后12~19 d整体呈现为淀粉>蛋白质>其他>脂肪,授粉后26~47 d基本呈现为淀粉>其他>蛋白质>脂肪;夏播授粉后12~18 d整体呈现为淀粉>蛋白质>其他>脂肪,授粉后19~47 d基本呈现为淀粉>其他>蛋白质>脂肪。相关性分析表明,籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉动态累积量之间呈现极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】驻玉216、驻玉902、驻玉927、郑单958、裕丰303春夏播玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉动态累积与分配受环境影响较大,籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉动态累积量互为极显著正相关。

高光谱成像技术在粮食品质检测中的应用

高光谱成像技术因具有快速、客观、范围广、非破坏性等优点,已被广泛应用于食品安全、医学诊断、工业检测等领域。为全面认识高光谱成像技术在粮食品质检测中的应用现状,归纳了高光谱成像技术的基本原理、主要构成及其数据处理与分析,并针对其在粮食品质检测中的应用,重点总结了在粮食检测中水分含量、蛋白质、淀粉及不完善粒的应用研究进展。同时,比较了深度学习与传统的机器学习在粮食品质检测中的应用,探讨高光谱成像技术在样本数据库构建、测量灵敏度、仪器便携化方面所面临的问题与挑战,进而提出改进措施,旨在为粮食的品质评价提供参考。