The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed...The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed that there were great differences between pollen and leaf epiderm microcosmic morphology in three species. Such characteristics of Octoploid tnticalwere between those of common wheat and Rye. The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epiderm shape counld be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species, and had somewhat scientif- ic references to identify new multiploid species created by chromosome engineering.展开更多
Acoustic communication is essential for anuran survival and reproduction, and masking background noise can affect the effective acoustic communication. The larger odorous frog(Odorrana graminea) inhabits noise montane...Acoustic communication is essential for anuran survival and reproduction, and masking background noise can affect the effective acoustic communication. The larger odorous frog(Odorrana graminea) inhabits noise montane streams, and it has shown an ultrasound communication adaptation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying their ultrasonic hearing adaptation remains unknown. To characterize and investigate the molecular characteristics and evolution of the high-frequency hearing-sensitive gene(KCNQ4) in O. graminea, termed as OgKCNQ4, the rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) was performed to amplify the cDNA of OgKCNQ4. Different bioinformatics analyses were used to investigate the molecular characteristics. Multiple nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignment were conducted, and phylogenies were reconstructed under the maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The full-length cDNA of OgKCNQ4 was 2065 bp, and the open reading frame(ORF) was 2046 bp encoding for a putative protein with 681 amino acids. The relative molecular weight of OgKCNQ4 was 76.453 kD and the putative PI was 9.69. Secondary structure prediction analyses suggested 42.29% alpha helixes and 43.76% random coils in OgKCNQ4. Gene homology and Phylogenetic analyses revealed the closest relationship between OgKCNQ4 and KCNQ4 of Nanorana parkeri with 96.9% similarity and 95.0% identity. We first determined the full-length cDNA of OgKCNQ4 and the results here could provide foundations for further study on the evolution of KCNQ4 and its relationship to ultrasonic communication in amphibians.展开更多
A systematic study for eleven tribes of Gramineae surveyed 34 characters including fruit morphology, fruit anatomy and palynology. The results were conducted to some numerical analysis aspects. On the basis of UPGMA (...A systematic study for eleven tribes of Gramineae surveyed 34 characters including fruit morphology, fruit anatomy and palynology. The results were conducted to some numerical analysis aspects. On the basis of UPGMA (Unpaired Group Method of Average) clustering and PCA (Principal component analysis), the results show congruence between the UPGMA clustering and PCA method, in suggesting two major clads/groups and five subclads.展开更多
大麦条纹病是对大麦产量及品质影响最为严重的病害之一,为探明我国不同来源的大麦种质对条纹病的抗性差异并挖掘与大麦抗条纹病相关联的候选标记,本研究利用97个SSR标记对137份大麦品种进行遗传多样性及群体结构分析,并结合抗性鉴定结...大麦条纹病是对大麦产量及品质影响最为严重的病害之一,为探明我国不同来源的大麦种质对条纹病的抗性差异并挖掘与大麦抗条纹病相关联的候选标记,本研究利用97个SSR标记对137份大麦品种进行遗传多样性及群体结构分析,并结合抗性鉴定结果进行关联分析。结果表明,人工接种大麦条纹病菌后共鉴定出18份免疫、27份高抗、28份中抗、42份中感和22份高感大麦材料;在97对SSR引物中挑选出85对多态性较好的引物,85对SSR标记共检测到651个等位变异,平均每个标记为7.57个;SSR标记的基因多样性指数变幅为0.0401~0.8646,平均值为0.5799;多态性信息含量变幅为0.0393~0.8498,平均值为0.5155,137份大麦材料的遗传距离范围为0.1021~0.4807,平均值为0.2774;聚类分析及群体遗传结构分析均将137份大麦种质分为4大类群;根据一般线性模型(GLM,general linear model)共获得7个与大麦抗条纹病显著关联的标记(P<0.05),解释率在5.80%~17.89%之间,其中标记EBmatc0039的解释率最高;标记EBmac77和MGB357与大麦条纹病抗性呈极显著相关(P<0.01),二者在一般线性模型中解释率分别为6.07%和9.60%。本研究结果可为大麦抗条纹病育种提供参考。展开更多
Ferulic acid(FA)and p-coumaric acid(pCA)in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It...Ferulic acid(FA)and p-coumaric acid(pCA)in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It was found that the FA and most of the pCA in gramineous biomass could be dissociated and released after being treated with 1 M NaOH at 100℃for 4 h.The yields of pCA/FA in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob determined by GC-FID are 39.8/11.5,13.7/11.0,28.0/11.0,and 35.1/14.5 mg/g,respectively.The raw materials and the treated solid residues were characterized by gel-state 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(2D HSQC NMR).It was found that only a small amount of lignin was detected in the residue after alkali treatment,indicating that the alkali treatment conditions can effectively cleave the FA and pCA.Additionally,the lignin in the alkali solution was recovered and characterized by 2D HSQC NMR.The FA was not able to be detected by NMR,whereas a small amount of pCA remained in the alkali lignin.This study reveals the structural change of residual lignins during the quantitative isolation of FA and pCA,which is essential for the selective isolation of pCA/FA and valorization of residual alkali lignin.展开更多
文摘The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed that there were great differences between pollen and leaf epiderm microcosmic morphology in three species. Such characteristics of Octoploid tnticalwere between those of common wheat and Rye. The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epiderm shape counld be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species, and had somewhat scientif- ic references to identify new multiploid species created by chromosome engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to ZC (Grants U1404306 and 31601848), XHC (Grant 31572245, 31372164 and 31872220)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation to ZC (2016M600580)+1 种基金the Excellent Young Scholars Fund of HNNU to ZC (YQ201706)the Young Backbone Teachers Fund of HNNU to ZC
文摘Acoustic communication is essential for anuran survival and reproduction, and masking background noise can affect the effective acoustic communication. The larger odorous frog(Odorrana graminea) inhabits noise montane streams, and it has shown an ultrasound communication adaptation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying their ultrasonic hearing adaptation remains unknown. To characterize and investigate the molecular characteristics and evolution of the high-frequency hearing-sensitive gene(KCNQ4) in O. graminea, termed as OgKCNQ4, the rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) was performed to amplify the cDNA of OgKCNQ4. Different bioinformatics analyses were used to investigate the molecular characteristics. Multiple nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignment were conducted, and phylogenies were reconstructed under the maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The full-length cDNA of OgKCNQ4 was 2065 bp, and the open reading frame(ORF) was 2046 bp encoding for a putative protein with 681 amino acids. The relative molecular weight of OgKCNQ4 was 76.453 kD and the putative PI was 9.69. Secondary structure prediction analyses suggested 42.29% alpha helixes and 43.76% random coils in OgKCNQ4. Gene homology and Phylogenetic analyses revealed the closest relationship between OgKCNQ4 and KCNQ4 of Nanorana parkeri with 96.9% similarity and 95.0% identity. We first determined the full-length cDNA of OgKCNQ4 and the results here could provide foundations for further study on the evolution of KCNQ4 and its relationship to ultrasonic communication in amphibians.
文摘A systematic study for eleven tribes of Gramineae surveyed 34 characters including fruit morphology, fruit anatomy and palynology. The results were conducted to some numerical analysis aspects. On the basis of UPGMA (Unpaired Group Method of Average) clustering and PCA (Principal component analysis), the results show congruence between the UPGMA clustering and PCA method, in suggesting two major clads/groups and five subclads.
文摘大麦条纹病是对大麦产量及品质影响最为严重的病害之一,为探明我国不同来源的大麦种质对条纹病的抗性差异并挖掘与大麦抗条纹病相关联的候选标记,本研究利用97个SSR标记对137份大麦品种进行遗传多样性及群体结构分析,并结合抗性鉴定结果进行关联分析。结果表明,人工接种大麦条纹病菌后共鉴定出18份免疫、27份高抗、28份中抗、42份中感和22份高感大麦材料;在97对SSR引物中挑选出85对多态性较好的引物,85对SSR标记共检测到651个等位变异,平均每个标记为7.57个;SSR标记的基因多样性指数变幅为0.0401~0.8646,平均值为0.5799;多态性信息含量变幅为0.0393~0.8498,平均值为0.5155,137份大麦材料的遗传距离范围为0.1021~0.4807,平均值为0.2774;聚类分析及群体遗传结构分析均将137份大麦种质分为4大类群;根据一般线性模型(GLM,general linear model)共获得7个与大麦抗条纹病显著关联的标记(P<0.05),解释率在5.80%~17.89%之间,其中标记EBmatc0039的解释率最高;标记EBmac77和MGB357与大麦条纹病抗性呈极显著相关(P<0.01),二者在一般线性模型中解释率分别为6.07%和9.60%。本研究结果可为大麦抗条纹病育种提供参考。
基金grateful for the financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870560,22108088)the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(South China University of Technology),No.202105.
文摘Ferulic acid(FA)and p-coumaric acid(pCA)in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It was found that the FA and most of the pCA in gramineous biomass could be dissociated and released after being treated with 1 M NaOH at 100℃for 4 h.The yields of pCA/FA in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob determined by GC-FID are 39.8/11.5,13.7/11.0,28.0/11.0,and 35.1/14.5 mg/g,respectively.The raw materials and the treated solid residues were characterized by gel-state 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(2D HSQC NMR).It was found that only a small amount of lignin was detected in the residue after alkali treatment,indicating that the alkali treatment conditions can effectively cleave the FA and pCA.Additionally,the lignin in the alkali solution was recovered and characterized by 2D HSQC NMR.The FA was not able to be detected by NMR,whereas a small amount of pCA remained in the alkali lignin.This study reveals the structural change of residual lignins during the quantitative isolation of FA and pCA,which is essential for the selective isolation of pCA/FA and valorization of residual alkali lignin.
