Influence of Family Financial Conditions on the Choice of Family Parenting Style : An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Data

As an important factor affecting the accumulation of children s human capital,family parenting style is of great significance to the future development of filial generation.Based on China s social reality,the study investigated the influence of family financial conditions on the choice of family parenting style by using the data of CEPS2013-2014.The results showed that the improvement of family financial conditions significantly increased the intensity of the parenting style chosen by the family,and parents would have higher requirements for their children s daily study and life.Moreover,such impact varied among different classes and regions.

Relationships Between Parenting Style, Self-Perception and Shyness Among Chinese Early Adolescents

The current study investigated the parenting style, self-perception, and shyness level of 1,338 junior high school students, so as to explore relationships between these variables. Results indicated that （1） The levels of the unassuming shyness, shyness when facing negative evaluation are higher than other dimensions of shyness; （2） The acceptance/involvement and strictness/supervision are negatively related with shyness; the acceptance/participation and strictness/supervision are positively correlated with self-perception; self-perception was negatively related with shyness; and （3） Parents＇ acceptance/participation can indirectly affect shyness through the self-perception; parents＇ strictness/supervision can affect shyness directly and indirectly through the self-perception.

Parenting style and oral health status

Objective: This study examined the correlation between parenting style and oral health status. Methods: Eighty-seven children aged 2 - 14 years old were examined and their oral health status was measured by the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) index, untreated caries and caries experience. Caries experience was defined as untreated and treated teeth, either restored or filled. The parenting style of parents was measured by the Parenting Style Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ). Demographic information recorded included race/ethnicity, level of education and child’s type of dental insurance. Results: The majority of the parents identified with the authoritative parenting style. There was no correlation between parenting styles and oral health status. Hispanic children and those whose parents had less education and low socioeconomic status (Medicaid) tended to show poorer oral health status. Conclusion: The expected relationship between parenting style and oral health status was not confirmed. Race/ethnicity, level of parents’ education and socioeconomic status may have a greater impact on oral health than parenting approaches.

The Relationship Between Parents’ Demographic Factors and Parenting Styles: Effects on Children’s PsychologicalAdjustment

The present study explored the extent to which parent’s demographic characteristics,such as age,gender,education,place of residence,and family income have an influence on the parental style they adopt and consequently on their perception of their children’s psychological adjustment in regards to their family relationships,peer relationships,school performance,and the development of their self-esteem.Various studies conducted in the past as well as in recent years indicate that parental demographic characteristics are significantly linked with parenting behavior(parental styles)and predict the way parents perceive their children’s adjustment,development,and school achievement.The present study was quantitative and we applied three different self-report questionnaires,namely,a Personal Information Form(PIF)for the demographic data,the Parental Authority Styles(PAQ)Questionnaire,and the Questionnaire of Children’s Family Relations,School Performance,Social Competence,and Self-Esteem.We administered the instruments to 336 Cypriot parents(23%fathers and 77%mothers).Our results showed that parent’s demographics are significantly related to the parenting styles they adopt.Furthermore,authoritative parenting is significantly correlated with positive parental perceptions of children’school performance,family relationships,social skills,and self-esteem.On the contrary,authoritarian parenting is a significant negative predictor to parental perceptions of children’s adjustment in the aforementioned areas of development.

The Influence of Authoritative Parenting Style on Adolescents’Academic Achievement

Parenting styles include four main styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Indulgent and Neglectful. Different styles present themselves with different practices which include warmth, acceptance, involvement, strictness and control. The joint and balance of parental practices can construct the most favorable parenting style. They have great influence on children 's and adolescents'all-round development, including academic achievement. According to a multitude of researches, Authoritative parenting style has the highest score of four styles.

Study of the Relationship between Parenting Attitude of Youth Fostering and Creativity among Students of Universities

Nowadays, creativity is the main need for continuing the life in the various aspects of society, especially education. Parenting attitude of youth fostering as an important factor can be effect on creativity, because youth are dependent to parents and they are as power recourse for youth. Youth are in interaction with parents and parents can be ready appropriate filed in home and family to efflorescence their youth’s creativity. The present study undertakes to provide a descriptive and correlative analysis on the relationship between youth fostering and student creativity. Parenting attitudes (including domination, high dependency, and negligence) and creativity (including fluency, originality, flexibility and elaboration) are taken as independent and dependent variables, respectively. To test the hypotheses, information collected from three questionnaires was analyzed: 1) multiple choice paper and pencil test for measuring Torrance creativity (1973), 2) parent attitude survey (PAS) of Drews and Teahen (1957), and 3) evaluation of students’ creativity by masters. Statistical population of the study includes all students of Urmia Medical Sciences University (209 males and 218 females) and their parents. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results indicate no significant relationship between student creativity and parents attitude on youth fostering (r = 0.20) and parents put more emphasis on educational success than creativity. Also, female students had better performance than males in terms of creativity.

Personality Styles,Psychological Adjustment and Gender Differences in Parents of Children with Congenital Disabilities

The present study analyzes the psychological adaptation of parents with children having congenital disabilities. The study included 83 men and 96 women, who were parents of children with severe spina bifida, cerebral palsy, cleft lip and cleft palate. The Millon Index of Personality Styles was used to identify the most distinctive personality styles of parents caring for a child with a chronic disability and parental psychological adjustment. We also investigated if personality profiles differ by gender, and educational and socioeconomic level. The personality styles identified may serve as indicators of the way parents adapt to the child with a congenital disability. The results also suggest that a child’s disability has a differential impact on men and women. Gender issues are evaluated, as well as any repercussions these may have on women.

家庭教养方式与青少年厌学的关系

为探讨家庭教养方式与青少年厌学情绪之间的关系,采用父母教养方式问卷、厌学问卷对陕西关中地区的431名中学生进行问卷调查。研究结果发现,教养方式各维度与青少年厌学情绪均呈显著负相关;男生在厌学情绪、厌学性格和厌学行为等维度上的得分显著高于女生;城市比乡镇和农村学生更加厌学;独生子女比非独生子女更加厌学。未来可从加强家校合作、促进情感沟通,优化资源配置、促进城乡教育均衡发展,转变教育观念、关注个性化需求等方面入手解决青少年厌学问题。父母双方在管教孩子时要态度一致、严慈相济,方能促进孩子的学习。

父母回应幼儿消极情绪的方式与幼儿问题行为的关系研究

采用《儿童消极情绪回应问卷》《长处与困难问卷》对220位幼儿的父母分别进行调查,探究父母回应幼儿消极情绪的方式与幼儿问题行为的关系,并进一步比较父母回应方式的单独效应与联合效应,为幼儿问题行为的家庭干预提供依据。研究结果显示:母亲/父亲的低支持性回应/高非支持性回应在不同程度上增加幼儿的问题行为,父亲的影响范围更广;父母的支持性回应一致低/非支持性回应一致高在不同程度上增加幼儿的问题行为,父母回应方式的联合效应与单独效应存在差异,部分支持加法模型。父母回应幼儿消极情绪的方式直接影响幼儿的问题行为,且存在累积效应,父母应给予一致的支持性回应来减少幼儿的问题行为。

大学生心理健康与父母养育方式、社会责任感、生命态度的相关性

目的:研究大学生心理健康与父母养育方式、社会责任感、生命态度的关系,为大学生心理健康干预提供参考依据。方法:采用整群抽样法,选取3所高校一、二、三3个年级大学生共1542名为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、父母教养方式量表(Parental Bonding Instrument,PBI)、大学生社会责任感问卷、生命态度量表、一般健康问卷(General Health Questionnaire-20,CHQ-20)进行调查。结果:单因素结果显示,心理健康评分、生命态度评分及父母养育方式中父母关爱得分、父母鼓励自主、父母控制评分在留守经历、成长地、独生子女、贫困生、家庭结构方面存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同人口学特征的大学生社会责任感评分差异无统计学意义。Pearson相关分析显示,大学生心理健康与社会责任感呈负相关性(r=-0.318,P<0.05),与生命态度呈负相关性(r=-0.578,P<0.05),与父母养育方式中分维度父母关爱得分、父母鼓励自主评分呈负相关性(r=-0.428,-0.443;P<0.05),与父母控制维度评分呈正相关性(r=0.365,P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,大学生有留守经历、成长地为农村、非独生子女、单亲或其他家庭、家庭贫困、父母关爱评分低、父母鼓励评分低、父母控制评分高、生命态度评分低,则心理健康水平低(P<0.05)。结论:大学生心理健康整体处于良好状态,与父母养育方式、生命态度有关。

祖辈隔代教养压力与益处问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的 编制适用于我国祖辈-父辈共同养育家庭中的祖辈隔代教养压力与益处问卷,并检验其信效度,为研究隔代教养中老年人的身心健康提供有效的评估工具。方法 采用文献回顾、质性访谈、专家咨询法,形成问卷初始条目池。采用多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取山东省1032名隔代教养的老年人进行问卷调查。抽取其中451例样本对所编制问卷进行项目分析和探索性因子分析,其余581例样本用于验证性因子分析及内部一致性信度检验;采用老年人抑郁量表对所编制问卷进行校标关联效度检验。结果 最终形成的隔代教养压力与益处问卷包括躯体健康压力、教养益处、教养冲突、社会经济压力、教养知识缺乏5个维度,共24个条目。探索性因子分析结果显示,累计方差贡献率为65.060%;验证性因子分析结果显示,χ^(2)/df=2.350,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.933,TLI=0.924,RMSEA=0.062;问卷整体的Cronbach′s α系数为0.912,各维度的Cronbach′s α系数区间为0.812~0.920。结论 适用于祖辈-父辈共同养育家庭中的祖辈隔代教养压力与益处问卷的信效度符合心理测量学要求,可用于我国祖辈-父辈共同养育家庭中祖辈身心健康的相关研究。

祖辈-父辈共同养育与学前儿童社会情绪能力的关系:家庭功能及养育倦怠的链式中介作用

为考察祖辈-父辈共同养育和学前儿童社会情绪能力的关系及家庭功能和养育倦怠在其中的作用,采用《学前行为与情绪量表》《祖辈-父辈共同养育关系量表》《家庭功能量表》和《简版养育倦怠量表》对524名3~6岁儿童的母亲进行调查。结果显示,祖辈-父辈共同养育可显著正向预测学前儿童社会情绪能力;家庭功能在祖辈-父辈共同养育和学前儿童社会情绪能力间的中介作用显著;家庭功能和养育倦怠在祖辈-父辈共同养育和学前儿童社会情绪能力间具有链式中介作用,且儿童的性别和年龄在中介模型中不具有群组差异。故建议在共同养育的过程中,可通过提升家庭亲密性和适应性,形成团结一致的家庭教育环境,从而减少父辈的养育倦怠,最终提高学前儿童社会情绪能力发展水平。

父母教养方式与青少年心理亚健康的关系:挫商的中介效应

目的:探讨青少年群体中父母教养方式、心理亚健康、挫商三者间的关系,以及挫商在其中可能存在的中介效应,为早期预防青少年心理亚健康提供新的理论依据。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样,应用亚健康评定量表对我国广东省、黑龙江省、甘肃省、四川省和天津市5个省、直辖市1216名14~24岁“青少年”人群进行调查。对数据进行相关分析、偏相关分析以及类别变量的中介效应检验。结果:1父母教养方式与青少年心理亚健康得分(r=0.198,P<0.01)和挫商显著正相关(r=0.164,P<0.05),挫商与心理亚健康得分显著正相关(r=0.341,P<0.01);2与骄纵型管教方式相比,挫商在严厉型管教方式中起完全中介作用(a 1b=1.20),中介效应占比为38%;挫商在正面管教(相互尊重、共同制定规则)方式中起部分中介作用(a 2b=2.23),中介效应占比为28%。结论:积极、正面的父母教养方式有利于培养青少年的挫商,提升其应对逆境和抗挫折的能力,从而缓冲负性事件和压力带来的负面影响,有助于保持心理健康和个人发展。

父母受教育程度对子女人力资本发展的影响

利用2013—2014学年中国教育追踪调查数据(CEPS),考察父母受教育程度对青少年子女人力资本发展的影响。研究发现,父母受教育程度能够显著提升子女的认知和非认知能力;分非认知能力维度来看,父母受教育程度能够显著提升子女的开放性、外向性和宜人性得分,但对尽责性和情绪稳定性得分没有提升作用。异质性分析发现,父母受教育程度对子女人力资本发展的影响存在明显的性别、户口、年级和地区差异。机制检验的结果表明,受教育程度越高的父母对子女的物质和时间投资越多,且越倾向于采用权威型和宽容型教养方式,越不倾向于采用专制型和忽视型教养方式,即父母受教育程度通过其对子女的教育投资和教养方式两条途径影响子女人力资本发展。

父母因素对考试焦虑的影响

考试焦虑是一种情境特定性的特质焦虑,在面临大量考试情境的儿童和青少年中较为常见,考试焦虑的形成和发展受个体因素和环境因素的影响。父母作为对儿童和青少年最有影响力的社会环境因素,在考试焦虑形成中扮演着重要角色。父母行为和教养方式、父母对子女的学业期望、家庭功能及家庭社会经济地位等因素均可能参与儿童和青少年考试焦虑的形成。未来研究应从纵向发展和病因学视角探究父母对考试焦虑的作用机制,并聚焦于父母在考试焦虑的预防和干预中的作用。

家长媒介素养对幼儿学习品质的影响——教养方式的并行中介作用

为探讨家长媒介素养与教养方式对幼儿学习品质的影响,以603名幼儿家长为研究对象进行问卷调查。结果发现,家长媒介素养与幼儿学习品质、民主型教养方式之间存在显著正相关,与专制型教养方式呈显著负相关,且民主型教养方式及专制型教养方式在家长媒介素养对幼儿学习品质的影响中起并行中介作用。幼儿学习品质的提高不仅需要家长提高媒介素养,营造良性的家庭媒介生态环境,还要求家长采用民主型教养方式,形成温暖的家庭互动氛围。