Previous studies have shown that up-regulation of transforming growth factor β1 results in neuroprotective effects. However, the role of the transforming growth factor β1 downstream molecule, SMAD2/3, following isch...Previous studies have shown that up-regulation of transforming growth factor β1 results in neuroprotective effects. However, the role of the transforming growth factor β1 downstream molecule, SMAD2/3, following ischemia/reperfusion remains unclear. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SMAD2/3 by analyzing the relationships between SMAD2/3 expression and cell apoptosis and inflammation in the brain of a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Levels of SMAD2/3 mRNA were up-regulated in the ischemic penumbra 6 hours after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, reached a peak after 72 hours and were then decreased at 7 days. Phos- phorylated SMAD2/3 protein levels at the aforementioned time points were consistent with the mRNA levels. Over-expression of SMAD3 in the brains of the ischemia/reperfusion model rats via delivery of an adeno-associated virus containing the SMAD3 gene could reduce tumor ne- crosis factor-a and interleukin-lβ mRNA levels, down-regulate expression of the pro-apoptotic gene, capase-3, and up-regulate expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. The SMAD3 protein level was negatively correlated with cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that SMAD3 exhibits neuroprotective effects on the brain after ischemia/reperfusion through anti-inflamma- tory and anti-apoptotic pathways.展开更多
目的探讨复方石韦颗粒联合缬沙坦和前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年6月—2016年4月在陕西省友谊医院肾病科接受治疗的慢性肾小球肾炎患者60例,根据治疗方法的差别分为对照组和治疗组,每组各30例。对照组静脉滴注...目的探讨复方石韦颗粒联合缬沙坦和前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年6月—2016年4月在陕西省友谊医院肾病科接受治疗的慢性肾小球肾炎患者60例,根据治疗方法的差别分为对照组和治疗组,每组各30例。对照组静脉滴注前列地尔注射液,10μg加入生理盐水250 m L,1次/d;同时口服缬沙坦胶囊,1粒/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服复方石韦颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白(24 h Upro)、尿红细胞(RBC)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为80.00%、96.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的Scr、BUN、24 h Upro、RBC和β2-MG均明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组的Scr、BUN、24 h Upro、RBC和β2-MG的降低程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的PAI-1、MMP-9和VEGF水平均明显降低,t-PA明显升高,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组PAI-1、MMP-9、VEGF和t-PA的改善程度均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方石韦颗粒联合缬沙坦和前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎临床疗效显著,可明显改善患者肾功能和临床症状,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81460193
文摘Previous studies have shown that up-regulation of transforming growth factor β1 results in neuroprotective effects. However, the role of the transforming growth factor β1 downstream molecule, SMAD2/3, following ischemia/reperfusion remains unclear. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SMAD2/3 by analyzing the relationships between SMAD2/3 expression and cell apoptosis and inflammation in the brain of a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Levels of SMAD2/3 mRNA were up-regulated in the ischemic penumbra 6 hours after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, reached a peak after 72 hours and were then decreased at 7 days. Phos- phorylated SMAD2/3 protein levels at the aforementioned time points were consistent with the mRNA levels. Over-expression of SMAD3 in the brains of the ischemia/reperfusion model rats via delivery of an adeno-associated virus containing the SMAD3 gene could reduce tumor ne- crosis factor-a and interleukin-lβ mRNA levels, down-regulate expression of the pro-apoptotic gene, capase-3, and up-regulate expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. The SMAD3 protein level was negatively correlated with cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that SMAD3 exhibits neuroprotective effects on the brain after ischemia/reperfusion through anti-inflamma- tory and anti-apoptotic pathways.
文摘目的探讨复方石韦颗粒联合缬沙坦和前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年6月—2016年4月在陕西省友谊医院肾病科接受治疗的慢性肾小球肾炎患者60例,根据治疗方法的差别分为对照组和治疗组,每组各30例。对照组静脉滴注前列地尔注射液,10μg加入生理盐水250 m L,1次/d;同时口服缬沙坦胶囊,1粒/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服复方石韦颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白(24 h Upro)、尿红细胞(RBC)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为80.00%、96.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的Scr、BUN、24 h Upro、RBC和β2-MG均明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组的Scr、BUN、24 h Upro、RBC和β2-MG的降低程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的PAI-1、MMP-9和VEGF水平均明显降低,t-PA明显升高,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组PAI-1、MMP-9、VEGF和t-PA的改善程度均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方石韦颗粒联合缬沙坦和前列地尔治疗慢性肾小球肾炎临床疗效显著,可明显改善患者肾功能和临床症状,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。