英语边缘虚词granted的语义演变及语法化

在现代英语共时平面,granted有动词的过去式及过去分词、形容词及边缘虚词用法。从历时角度看,granted的用法由最初动词过去式逐步由实到虚演变为边缘虚词,是语法化的结果。隐喻、重新分析、主观性和主观化是granted语言演变的机制和动因。

Evaluating grant proposals:lessons from using metrics as screening device

Purpose:This study examines the effects of using publication-based metrics for the initial screening in the application process for a project leader.The key questions are whether formal policy affects the allocation of funds to researchers with a better publication record and how the previous academic performance of principal investigators is related to future project results.Design/methodology/approach:We compared two competitions,before and after the policy raised the publication threshold for the principal investigators.We analyzed 9,167 papers published by 332 winners in physics and the social sciences and humanities(SSH),and 11,253 publications resulting from each funded project.Findings:We found that among physicists,even in the first period,grants tended to be allocated to prolific authors publishing in high-quality journals.In contrast,the SSH project grantees had been less prolific in publishing internationally in both periods;however,in the second period,the selection of grant recipients yielded better results regarding awarding grants to more productive authors in terms of the quantity and quality of publications.There was no evidence that this better selection of grant recipients resulted in better publication records during grant realization.Originality:This study contributes to the discussion of formal policies that rely on metrics for the evaluation of grant proposals.The Russian case shows that such policy may have a profound effect on changing the supply side of applicants,especially in disciplines that are less suitable for metric-based evaluations.In spite of the criticism given to metrics,they might be a useful additional instrument in academic systems where professional expertise is corrupted and prevents allocation of funds to prolific researchers.

Analysis of the Management Measures After the Issuance of National Grants in Higher Vocational Colleges

The national grants are a subsidy policy implemented by the government to help students with financial issues to complete their studies.It can promote the healthy development of China’s education and cultivate a large number of outstanding talents for the country.In specific practice,some higher vocational colleges did not take effective management measures after distributing the national grant,which prevented the national grant from playing its due role.Based on this,this article summarizes the problems in the management of higher vocational colleges after the issuance of national grants,explores effective management measures,and lists examples to summarize management experience,so as to provide guidelines for relevant personnel.

A group decision model for credit granting in the financial market

Group decision models that contemplate the particularities of the decision-making process help organizations pursue their strategic objectives.In the financial market,the primary interest of organizations consists in ensuring financial returns,which guarantee stability for the organization.This study identifies major problems in the current process of credit granting in the financial market and argues the need for automatizing the organizational decision process while respecting the autonomy of decision-makers.To this end,this study proposes a group decision model based on the Strategic Choice Approach(SCA)for granting credit in a financial market organization.The results show that the adoption of the proposed model offers considerable gains in terms of organizational goals,transparency of the decision-making process,security for decision-makers,and reduction of organizational conflicts.

Credit granting sorting model for financial organizations

Considering the environment of risks and influences inherent in the decision-making process for credit-granting operations,it has become a matter of survival for financial organizations to seek to improve how they engage in effective decision-making to ensure that their returns on invested capital will meet the expectations established at the beginning of the process.A credit-granting sorting model for financial organizations is proposed.The model aggregates the perspectives of different decision-makers to support an organization in the process of credit analysis and,consequently,to improve its operationality.The decision-making model is based on the ELECTRE TRI-B multicriteria method.It sorts credit-granting proposals into three classes,namely credit approved,technical analysis,and credit rejected.The group decision emerges from the decision rules of the organization’s executive board.This new proposed approach to dealing with credit-granting results in the systematization of credit analysis,reduction of doubt among decision-makers,avoidance of the emergence of informal groups,reduction of conflicts within a financial organization,and external interferences.

Abstracts and Travel Grants

Abstrats We look forward to receiving abstracts from all over the world on a wide range of cancer related topics All

4G FDD License Grants to Increased Competition

On February 27,China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)granted China Telecom(CT,unrated)and China Unicom(unrated)nationwide permits to provide LTE/4G FDD service.The approvals were widely expected and the credit impact to China Mobile Limited(Aa3 stable),while negative,should be modest.The increased competition is unlikely to upend China Mobile’s dominant position in Chinas growing telecommunications industry,esp。

EU Grant Employment Projects, Employment and Erzincan Case

European Union Council Regulation(1085/2006 dated),the Financial Instrument for Pre-Accession(IPA)as well as the other candidate and potential candidate countries constitute the basis for Turkey.The main objective of the IPA is to assist the participating countries in confronting the problems of European integration and in carrying out the necessary reforms to comply with the Copenhagen criteria for EU membership.The Youth Employment Support Operation in Sectoral Investment Areas financed under IPA is carried out for employment,the number one priority objective of its program.PYE-II Operation implemented byİŞKUR and its overall objective is to attract and to retain more people in employment by promoting youth employment and decreasing unemployment rate of young people.Within this framework,the purpose of the Operation is to increase the employability of the young people while promoting their integration into the labour market.Within the scope of the Grant Scheme for Supporting Youth Employment in Sectoral Investment Areas(PYE II),projects for motor vehicle repair and maintenance training were carried out.In this study,the contributions and effects of these projects to employment in automotive repair sector were explained.

Discretionary Power in the Course of Granting Graduate Degree in America and Its Enlightenments

Graduate education is the key support to the national competitive and technological levels. Therefore, the system of granting graduate degree was clearly guaranteed in the national level. For example, there are Education Law and Higher Education Law in China; the people＇ s education right is protected by federal constitution in the United States, and also universities or institutes have their own charters to claim the relative rights. The system safeguards the legitimacy of degree granting, but also gives a considerable discretionary power to the granting units who can grant or cancel the degree.

The Sino-US agreement on IGCC research grant signed

Recently the China Power Engineering Consulting Group Corporation (CPECC) and US Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) signed an agreement on a grant for IGCC research in Beijing.

On the First Case of Pre-action Injunction Granted in Beijing: Red Lion Paint Co., Ltd. v. Red Lion Jing Paint Trading Co., Ltd.

The case in brief The Beijing Red Lion Paint Co., Ltd. (the RL for short) is a business that manufactures and markets paint, and the proprietor of several registered trademarks of the "RED LION" words, device and the combination thereof. The registered "RED LION" trademark has been, on several occasions, rewarded by the relevant departments the title of Famous Trademark in Beijing.

NEW REGULATIONS ON IMPORT AND EXPORT MANAGEMENT RIGHTS GRANTED TO COMMERCIAL AND MATERIAL SUPPLY ENTERPRISES

With the approval of the State Council, State Economicand Trade Commission, Ministry of Foreign Trade and EconomicCooperation and Ministry of Internal Trade recently issued theCircular Regarding Some Relevant Issues in Granting Import andExport Management Rights to Commercial and Material SupplyEnterprises. It means that work ofgranting import and exportmanagement rights has from a trial been led onto the right path ofexamination and approval. The principle of examination and ap-proval, conditions, and the procedure of reporting to a higher in-stitution shall still be in conformity with the relevant regulationsprescribed in Decree No.76 (1993) of the State Council.In November 1993, the State Council approved and trans-mitted Opinions on Experiment of Granting Import and ExportManagement Rights to Some Commercial and Material Enterprisesby State Economic and Trade Commision, Ministry of ForeignTrade and Economic Cooperation and Ministry of Internal Trade.Totaling 206 commercial (including grain and supply and sale)and material supply enterprises are put to trial and granted

Young Fashion Designers' Contest Winners announced Overall Winner granted internship opportunity at FACETASM

The Hong Kong Young Fashion Designers'Contest 2016 awards ceremony took place on September 10th,with Kenneth Cheung named Champion.He received a cash prize and a one-month internship programme at international fashion brand FACETASM in Japan.The winners of the 40th Hong Kong Young Fashion Designers’Contest 2016 are:Champion:Kenneth Cheung:'No Country for Old Man'First Runner-up:

GrantDroid:一种支持Android权限即时授予的方法

Android系统采用基于权限的访问控制模型来保护系统内部的重要资源。应用程序在Manifest文件中声明其所需的权限,用户在安装该应用前必须授予权限或放弃安装。用户在无法获知应用程序将如何使用这些权限前往往无法做出正确选择,因此这种权限授予方法无法有效防止恶意程序获得所需的权限。设计并实现了GrantDroid:一种支持Android权限即时授予的方法。GrantDroid拦截应用程序对所有权限的使用,并基于一套完整有效的恶意程序权限使用特征对其中的正常使用进行过滤。当检测到应用程序使用某权限会造成安全隐患时,GrantDroid在权限被使用前要求用户对该次权限使用进行即时授权。功能性测试结果表明GrantDroid对阻止恶意程序的恶意行为十分有效。大规模的可用性测试和性能测试显示GrantDroid对用户造成的影响非常轻微。

The Seminar on How China Can Grant a Firm foot on the US Market

A four hour seminar on how Chinese textile enterprises upgrade themselves and ’go abroad’ will be held in Beijing on 27th June 2006. This meeting is organised and hosted by the China Textile Planning Institute of Construction (CPTIC) and the China Fangjian Engineering Consultation & Supervision Centre.

Scholars may apply for grants of academic leaves

Regulations on academic vacations for overseas scholars have recently been issued at the CAS Institute of Physics (IOP).