Research capacity and training needs of nurses’in Shanghai,China:A multicenter,cross-sectional survey

Aims:The aim of this study is to investigate nurses’research capacity and related training needs in Shanghai to provide evidence to further nursing research training.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 1226 clinical registered nurses,including the Nursing Research Capacity of Self-Evaluation Questionnaire and Research Training Needs Form,was recruited from 14 public hospitals in Shanghai,China.And the influencing factors of nurses’research capacity were analyzed.Results:The mean score of nurses’research capacity was(46.25±22.90)in Shanghai,that was at a low-to-medium level.The influencing factors of nurses’research capacity including age(F=15.983,P<0.001),education(F=20.738,P<0.001),professional title(F=6.993,P=0.001),working years(F=7.803,P<0.001),department(F=8.545,P<0.001),and position(F=−3.354,P=0.001).The most critical factor is the time to participate a study(P<0.001).And what the nurses demanded were writing skills,special lectures,and participating in colleagues’projects mostly.Conclusion:Nurse’s scientific research capacity still needs to be improved in Shanghai.The key to improving this situation is the individualized scientific research training and education for nurses and the practice of more participation in scientific research projects.

Regional Research Capacity -Building inSustainability Science:Facts, Gaps, and Futures in Northeast Asia

Evidence shows that some conceptual ideas relevant to both local and global sustainability have been adopted in some official documents in northeast Asian nations, particularly China, South Korea, and Japan. This seems to be a very positive signal for the future development of sustainability science in this region. However,studyes show that there are still some major gaps there. One is the problem of how to build up the regional research capacity of sustainability science among northeast Asian research institutes across different disciplines as well as different political systems. Another is how to shift the conceptual frameworks of sustainability science into the operational policy frameworks. There are four major obstacles to the enhancement of regional research capacity-building in sustainability science. In order to build up the regional research capacity in sustainability science and to realize both local and global goals of the sustainable development in northeast Asia, this paper proposes some

A scoping review of non-communicable disease research capacity strengthening initiatives in low and middle-income countries

Introduction:As the epidemic of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)is rapidly developing in low and middleincome countries(LMICs),the importance of local research capacity and the role of contextually relevant research in informing policy and practice is of paramount importance.In this regard,initiatives in research capacity strengthening(RCS)are very important.The aim of this study was to review and summarize NCD research capacity strengthening strategies that have been undertaken in LMICs.Methods:Using both systematic and other literature search,we identified and reviewed NCD-RCS initiatives that have been implemented in LMICs and reported since 2000.Information was extracted from published papers and websites related to these initiatives using a semi-structured checklist.We extracted information on program design,stakeholders involved,and countries of focus,program duration,targeted researchers,disease focus,skill/capacity areas involved and sources of funding.The extracted information was refined through further review and then underwent a textual narrative synthesis.Results:We identified a number of different strategies used by research capacity strengthening programs and in the majority of initiatives,a combination of approaches was utilized.Capacity strengthening and training approaches were variously adapted locally and tailored to fit with the identified needs of the targeted researchers and health professionals.Most initiatives focused on individual level capacity and not system level capacity,although some undoubtedly benefited the research and health systems of LMICs.For most initiatives,mid-term and long-term outcomes were not evaluated.Though these initiatives might have enhanced research capacity in the immediate term,the sustainability of the results in the long-term remains unknown.Conclusion:Most of NCD-RCS initiatives in LMICs focused on building individual capacity and only a few focused explicitly on institutional level capacity strengthening.Though many of the initiatives appear to have had promising short-term outcomes,evidence on their long-term impact and sustainability is lacking.

Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

Operational research capacity building through the Structured Operational Research Training Initiative(SORT-IT)in China:implementation,outcomes and challenges

Background:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)introduced the Structured Operational Research Training Initiative(SORT IT)into China to build a special capacity and equip public health professionals with an effective tool to support developing countries in strengthening their operational research.The paper aims to investigate and analyze the implementation,outcomes and challenges of the first cycle of SORT IT in China.

Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry produces guide vane for Baihetan hydropower units with the world＇s largest unit capacity

On October 17, 2017, the first stay ring of Baihetan 1 million kW hydropower units, with the largest unit capacity in the world, passed the acceptance inspection. Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF） has been recognized by owners and OEMs of Baihetan Hydropower Station for its long-term and stable （electroslag remelting）＂ and technology of ＂AOD ＋ ESR good performance of guide vanes at several major hydropower projects both at home and abroad.

Studies on Capacity Expansion of Fuel Plants for Nuclear Research Reactors

The demand for nuclear fuel for research reactors is rising worldwide. Thus, the production facilities of this kind of fuel need reliable guidance on how to augment their production in order to meet the increasing demand efficiently and safely. We proposed a specific procedure for increasing production capacity. That procedure was tested with data from a real plant, which produces plate-type fuel elements loaded with LEU U3Si2-Al fuel. The test was made by means of discrete event simulation, and the results indicated the proposed procedure is efficient in raising production capacity.

创新驱动下的临床专科能力建设策略研究

目的进一步推进临床重点专科建设“百千万工程”,探索强化临床专科能力建设的有效举措。方法以某大型三级甲等医院为样本医院,采用智力激励法、专题小组讨论法、案例分析法,运用鱼骨图等质量工具展开研究。结果分析临床专科能力建设存在的问题与短板,从体系创新、模式创新、技术创新、管理创新4个方面,梳理临床专科能力建设举措并系统性评价建设成效。结论基于“4个创新”的有力实践,促进临床专科发展,带动诊疗能力和水平的提升,助力公立医院高质量发展。

优化物理化学学科资助布局,提升科学基金资助效能

本文总结了物理化学学科代码的设立和调整变化情况,结合近十年物理化学学科研究发展趋势,论述了自2018年物理化学学科代码优化调整为催化与表界面化学和化学理论与机制以来,优化学科布局对于促进学科前沿基础研究和提升科学基金资助效能方面起到了重要作用,提出了在优化学科布局方面的思考和建议,为后续学科发展战略提供参考。

产学研合作、知识吸收能力与企业创新绩效——高管学术背景与政府创新补贴的调节作用

在梳理产学研合作与企业创新绩效关系研究的基础上,结合交易成本理论、资源基础理论以及高层梯队理论,以2010-2021年中国A股上市公司为研究样本,探讨产学研合作对企业创新绩效的促进作用及机制,并将高管学术背景和政府创新补贴作为调节变量纳入研究框架。实证分析发现:产学研合作对企业创新绩效发挥显著促进作用;当企业具有学术背景的高管比例较高时,这一效应更加显著;高水平政府创新补贴同样能够增强这一效应。中介效应检验发现,企业参与产学研合作对其知识吸收能力具有显著促进作用,同时,企业可以通过提升知识吸收能力,增强自身对环境变化感知的敏锐性与自主创新能力,进而提高创新绩效。

高强钢管超高性能混凝土短柱轴压承载力性能试验研究

为研究高强钢管内填超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能,该文设计22根高强钢管UHPC短柱进行轴压试验,从破坏模式、荷载-纵向应变关系对试件的轴压性能进行对比分析,旨在通过径厚比、混凝土强度、截面类型等变化来探究高强钢管UHPC短柱的实际承载力性能差异.试验结果表明:高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压性能受径厚比、混凝土强度影响较大;试件承载力随钢管壁厚增加而增加,但相同钢管直径和不同钢管直径增幅呈现不同规律.该文从延性、核心混凝土强度提高程度两个角度进行分析并提出高强钢管混凝土试件的相关参数设计建议.最后,将高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压试验承载力结果与国内外规范GB 50936—2014、AIJ计算承载力结果进行对比,并基于极限平衡理论推导出高强圆钢管UHPC试件的轴压承载力计算公式,同时结合该文试验数据对其进行验证,证明了公式的准确性.

我国白羽肉鸡种源供给能力提升初探

白羽肉鸡是重要的家禽品种。2019年以来,随着国际引种工作的持续开展和国内自繁能力的逐步提升,我国白羽肉鸡祖代种源供需矛盾有所缓和。然而,近期海外禽流感疫情频发以及其他禽类疫病导致国际供种不确定性强,同时叠加COVID-19导致的航班熔断等因素,进而导致国内整体供种波动较大,供种形势严峻。新形势下,如何确保我国白羽肉鸡祖代种源安全供给依然是种业安全和可持续发展的重要课题。根据近十年来我国白羽肉鸡祖代种源的需求和供给状况,分析了目前我国白羽肉鸡祖代种源国内供给能力不足、国际供给依存度高等问题,提出了通过开展种质资源建设、加强育种技术研究、完善繁育体系、强化种业企业能力、开展国际合作等政策建议,以实现提高我国白羽肉鸡祖代种源供给能力、保障我国种业安全乃至肉类食品安全的目标。

欧洲研究理事会培养科研人才的政策工具

欧洲研究理事会(European Research Council,ERC)针对不同年资的科研人员设置了起步类、巩固类、高级科研人员类、协同类等4类主要基金,不同类型基金的资助对象、要求、力度和实施期限等方面均不同。该理事会的基金项目具有一定的开放性,有助于吸引国际优秀人才到欧盟工作。当前中国整体科技创新实力明显提高,基础研究能力不断加强,鉴此,可逐步加大基础研究领域自由探索的支持力度,催生更多颠覆性创新成果;适度支持概念验证类项目,做好研究与创新的衔接;营造更宽松的政策环境,吸引外籍人才来华从事研究工作。

急诊医学研究生科研创新能力培养的实践与思考

急诊医学是医学领域一门独立的二级学科,是社会医疗服务体系的重要组成部分。为了适应急诊医学新时代发展的需要,亟需培养高层次人才。医学研究生教育是培养急诊医学高层次人才的重要途径,科研创新能力的培养是其核心任务。文章从以科学问题驱动培养科研技能、以科研小组合作助力科研实践、以交叉学科研讨激发创新思维、以学术交流碰撞拓展科研视野、以本科阶段介入培育科研幼苗、以好奇求知为源根植创新火种、以科研诚信教育培育清新学风及以人文素养提升坚定科研初心8个方面,阐述对急诊医学研究生科研创新能力培养的实践与思考,提出提升急诊医学研究生科研素养与创新能力的措施,有利于急诊医学高层次人才的培养,助力急诊医学学科的高质量发展。

科研能力培养理念下《临床药物治疗学》课程教学创新与实践

目的 随着药学专业临床药学人才培养模式的不断改革,如何更好地将理论与实践相结合,培养学生的创新能力和实践能力,已成为药学专业本科教学中亟待解决的问题。方法 高校教师在教学过程中通过探索和实践将科研能力培养理念融入到教学过程中,进一步提升学生综合素质。结果 本研究主要以西安交通大学临床药物治疗学课程教学为例,通过结合临床药物治疗学的特点和学生的知识结构,对教学内容、教学手段、考核方式进行改革创新和实践。结论 本文通过总结临床药学课程培养中不足之处并提出科研能力培养理念改革的思路和建议,以期为培养具有较强创新能力和实践能力的临床药学人才提供一定参考。

高陡岩质临坡地基承载力试验研究与数值模拟

针对高陡岩质临坡地基开展了不同坡角、坡距下承载力试验。结合深废矿坑工程采用数值模拟对高陡岩质临坡地基承载力影响因素进行了模拟计算与分析。研究结果表明:(1)承载力系数(η)随坡角(β)的增大而逐渐减小,随坡距(B)的增大呈非线性增长,当B超过一定距离时,η几乎不再增长且接近1.0;(2)相较β,地质强度指标(GSI)对η的影响更大,二者呈非线性同步增长;(3)锚索可提高η,设置4道锚索对η的提升效果较好,继续增加锚索数量对η的影响较小。

体外预应力UHPC无腹筋梁抗剪性能试验研究

为研究体外预应力超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high Performance Concrete,UHPC)无腹筋梁的抗剪性能,设计了3片体外预应力UHPC无腹筋梁,剪跨比分别为1.44、2.56、3.67,采用四点加载的方式进行抗剪性能试验,获得了试验梁的荷载-位移关系、荷载-应变关系、破坏形态以及极限抗剪承载力。试验结果表明:体外预应力UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪破坏方式均表现为脆性破坏,随着剪跨比的增大,试验梁破坏形态依次表现为斜压破坏、剪压破坏、剪拉破坏;剪跨比越大,斜裂缝的数量越少、倾角越小,试验梁的极限抗剪承载力越小,且减小趋势变缓。基于极限平衡法推导了体外预应力UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪承载力计算公式,验算了14片无黏结预应力UHPC梁的抗剪承载力,该公式适用性良好。

浅析生物化学《糖代谢》教学中基于课程科研的创新和实践能力培养

社会的发展对大学生的要求越来越高,因此具有较强创新能力和实践能力已成为他们就业和适应新时代中国特色社会主义现代化建设的迫切需要。生物化学是医学和生命科学各专业的基础实验性课程是培养研究生创新和实践能力的重要基地。本文探讨了在生物化学《糖代谢》一章教学中实施课程科研培养大学生创新和实践能力的教学模式及理论和实践价值。我们把大学生培养与科研课堂、课题参与、生产实践、企业研发等分阶段依次结合,并结合《糖代谢》章节的教学内容,引导学生开展科学研究,深化学生对学习内容的理解。通过长期的教学实践和教学研究,我们构建了以培养大学生创新能力和实践能力为目标的课程科研育人模式,以解决新时代中国特色社会主义现代化建设对创新和实践人才的需求与传统大学生培养模式的育人产出之间的矛盾。通过实施课程科研教学模式,我们在生物化学课程教学中取得了较好的成效,提升了大学生的科研创新能力和科研实践素养。

关于气候变化在高校地理教学中的思考

以全球变暖为标志的近代气候变化事实和结果,日益成为社会关注的热点和焦点。气候变化教育是提高大众应对气候变化意识和能力的重要途径,也是高校地理专业肩负的重要使命。本文从气候变化内容框架阐述了其内涵以及目前气候变化在高校地理教学中的现状,提出气候变化知识传授和科研能力培养的思路和途径。

跨境电商背景下电商专业学生跨文化交际能力提升研究

跨文化交际是不同语言及文化背景下人们之间的交际。跨文化交际过程中,交际者的语言交流能力或素养就是跨文化交际能力。电商专业学生的跨文化交际能力是学生综合职业能力的一种体现,对于其从事跨境电商行业有重要的影响。在跨境电商活动中,由于中西方文化的差异,交易双方在语言沟通、价值观、消费观、审美观等方面存在差异,只有提升跨文化交际能力,才能更好地正视文化差异,促进贸易达成。该文首先介绍了文化与跨文化交际的概念,其次分析了跨境电商中存在的文化差异和跨境电商中跨文化交际能力的主要指标,最后提出了相关策略,旨在提升电商专业学生跨文化交际能力。