Despite advancements in computational resources,the discrete element method(DEM)still requires considerable computational time to solve detailed problems,especially when it comes to the large-scale models.In addition ...Despite advancements in computational resources,the discrete element method(DEM)still requires considerable computational time to solve detailed problems,especially when it comes to the large-scale models.In addition to the geometry scale of the problem,the particle shape has a dramatic effect on the computational cost of DEM.Therefore,many studies have been performed with simplified spherical particles or clumps.Particle scaling is an approach to increase the particle size to reduce the number of particles in the DEM.Although several particle scaling methods have been introduced,there are still some disagreements regarding their applicability to certain aspects of problems.In this study,the effect of particle scalping on the shear behavior of granular material is explored.Real granular particles were scanned and imported as polygonal particles in the direct shear test.The effect of particle size distri-bution,particle angularity,and the amount of scalping were investigated.The results show that particle scalping can simulate the correct shear behavior of the model with significant improvement in computational time.Also,the accuracy of the scalping method depends on the particle angularity and particle size range.展开更多
Direct shear test has been widely used to measure the shear strength of soils and other particulate materials in industry because of its simplicity. However, the results can be dependent on the specimen size. The ASTM...Direct shear test has been widely used to measure the shear strength of soils and other particulate materials in industry because of its simplicity. However, the results can be dependent on the specimen size. The ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) publications suggest that for testing soils the shear box should be at least ten times the diameter of the largest particle and the height of the box should be no more than half of its diameter. These guidelines are empirically based. A series of two-dimensional numerical direct shear tests are performed to investigate this scaling effect. By analyzing the bulk friction, particle translation and rotation, percentage of sliding, average volume (area) and shear strain and the evolution of the shear band, we find that the traditional guidelines for direct shear tests are questionable. Scaling dependency of bulk friction on the property of granular materials is clearly present. Our current analysis points out that the scaling effects can vary significantly depending on the particle properties other than their sizes. Of all the parameters we observed, particle rotation appears to have a decisive correlation with the bulk friction. Formation of a shear band is universal. As the shearing progresses, particle rotation begins to concentrate near the shear plane. By defining the width of a shear band as the standard deviation of the distribution of translational gradient or the standard deviation of the distribution of particle rotation, quantitative evolutions of shear band are presented. Both measures of the shear band width dropped rapidly during pre-failure stage. After peak stress both measures begin to approach steady state as the bulk friction stabilizes to the residual stage. These observations suggest that structure formation inside the shear band controls the scaling effect.展开更多
The shear behavior of granular materials plays an important role in understanding the occurrence of geological hazards. This study introduces the use of direct shear tests and acoustic emission(AE) technology on glass...The shear behavior of granular materials plays an important role in understanding the occurrence of geological hazards. This study introduces the use of direct shear tests and acoustic emission(AE) technology on glass beads to investigate the distributions features of AE during the stick-slip processes. Results show that the shearing behavior of granular samples was shown as a series of similar, periodic stick-slip events. Some AE features — energy and Root Mean Square(RMS) —showed significant spatial clustering. Combined with the distribution of AE in the stick-slip event, the AE signal can be divided into four types: 1. low-energy and highfrequency AE, which represent particle friction;2. highenergy and low-frequency AE, which represent structural failure, that is, the slip process;3. low-RMS and lowfrequency AE represent internal local failure;and 4.high-RMS and high-frequency AE caused by overall structure failure. The b-value representing the energy distribution of AEs is used to describe the changing of AE sources during shear process. In addition, the amount and energy of AE had a significant positive correlation with normal stress. The shear rate mainly affects the AE representing particle friction, and the faster the shear rate, the lower the incidence of these friction AEs. According to the time sequence of the occurrence of different types of AE, AE rate, b-value and local failure AE signal can be applied to the prediction or early warning of geological hazards.展开更多
土石混合体介质具有高度非均质性、显著的结构效应与尺寸效应等特点,这使其物理力学特性及其复杂。本文针对土石混合体在剪切过程中剪切带的变形性状与影响因素,采用自主研发的RSM–1000型电机伺服控制大型土工抗剪强度试验系统,考虑不...土石混合体介质具有高度非均质性、显著的结构效应与尺寸效应等特点,这使其物理力学特性及其复杂。本文针对土石混合体在剪切过程中剪切带的变形性状与影响因素,采用自主研发的RSM–1000型电机伺服控制大型土工抗剪强度试验系统,考虑不同含石量(0,30%,50%,70%)、上覆压力(50,200,300,400 k Pa)、块石尺寸(L1,L2,L3)3个主要结构控制因素,进行土石混合体剪切变形试验,通过在试样内部钻孔设置铝丝与干灰的方法,监测剪切带特征变化规律。研究结果表明:当含石量小于30%时,块石对试样的变形影响较小,强度主要依赖于砂土强度;当含石量达到50%时,试样内已形成骨架结构,变形受块石的影响突显,强度由块石和砂土共同作用;当含石量达到70%时,试样内已形成块石架空结构。在高含石量与大粒径块石条件下,含贯穿剪切面的块石试样随剪切变形发展,块石发生挤压、翻转现象;剪切面附近分布块石的试样,随剪切变形发展,块石以剪胀作用为主,块石发生挤压、棱角剪断与错动重分布。试样的剪切变形现象可类比由后向前变形的推移式滑坡或由前后向中间变形的复合式滑坡的破坏特征,即后缘坡顶在主动土压力作用下产生裂隙,随之下沉挤密、失稳起滑;前缘坡脚蠕滑变形推移;坡中岩土体发生剪切错动至滑动面渐进扩展破坏,最终剪切面贯通,形成整体破坏。该研究成果对揭示土石混合体滑坡剪切带形成演化规律、破坏模式及土石混合体滑坡的防灾减灾具有重要意义。展开更多
文摘Despite advancements in computational resources,the discrete element method(DEM)still requires considerable computational time to solve detailed problems,especially when it comes to the large-scale models.In addition to the geometry scale of the problem,the particle shape has a dramatic effect on the computational cost of DEM.Therefore,many studies have been performed with simplified spherical particles or clumps.Particle scaling is an approach to increase the particle size to reduce the number of particles in the DEM.Although several particle scaling methods have been introduced,there are still some disagreements regarding their applicability to certain aspects of problems.In this study,the effect of particle scalping on the shear behavior of granular material is explored.Real granular particles were scanned and imported as polygonal particles in the direct shear test.The effect of particle size distri-bution,particle angularity,and the amount of scalping were investigated.The results show that particle scalping can simulate the correct shear behavior of the model with significant improvement in computational time.Also,the accuracy of the scalping method depends on the particle angularity and particle size range.
基金Supported by the ASEE/NASA Summer Faculty Fellowship Program and Clarkson University
文摘Direct shear test has been widely used to measure the shear strength of soils and other particulate materials in industry because of its simplicity. However, the results can be dependent on the specimen size. The ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) publications suggest that for testing soils the shear box should be at least ten times the diameter of the largest particle and the height of the box should be no more than half of its diameter. These guidelines are empirically based. A series of two-dimensional numerical direct shear tests are performed to investigate this scaling effect. By analyzing the bulk friction, particle translation and rotation, percentage of sliding, average volume (area) and shear strain and the evolution of the shear band, we find that the traditional guidelines for direct shear tests are questionable. Scaling dependency of bulk friction on the property of granular materials is clearly present. Our current analysis points out that the scaling effects can vary significantly depending on the particle properties other than their sizes. Of all the parameters we observed, particle rotation appears to have a decisive correlation with the bulk friction. Formation of a shear band is universal. As the shearing progresses, particle rotation begins to concentrate near the shear plane. By defining the width of a shear band as the standard deviation of the distribution of translational gradient or the standard deviation of the distribution of particle rotation, quantitative evolutions of shear band are presented. Both measures of the shear band width dropped rapidly during pre-failure stage. After peak stress both measures begin to approach steady state as the bulk friction stabilizes to the residual stage. These observations suggest that structure formation inside the shear band controls the scaling effect.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China Grants (41807278,41790432,U20A20112)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant (No.XDA23090202)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant (No.QYZDY-SSWDQC006)support from the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Programthe China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences。
文摘The shear behavior of granular materials plays an important role in understanding the occurrence of geological hazards. This study introduces the use of direct shear tests and acoustic emission(AE) technology on glass beads to investigate the distributions features of AE during the stick-slip processes. Results show that the shearing behavior of granular samples was shown as a series of similar, periodic stick-slip events. Some AE features — energy and Root Mean Square(RMS) —showed significant spatial clustering. Combined with the distribution of AE in the stick-slip event, the AE signal can be divided into four types: 1. low-energy and highfrequency AE, which represent particle friction;2. highenergy and low-frequency AE, which represent structural failure, that is, the slip process;3. low-RMS and lowfrequency AE represent internal local failure;and 4.high-RMS and high-frequency AE caused by overall structure failure. The b-value representing the energy distribution of AEs is used to describe the changing of AE sources during shear process. In addition, the amount and energy of AE had a significant positive correlation with normal stress. The shear rate mainly affects the AE representing particle friction, and the faster the shear rate, the lower the incidence of these friction AEs. According to the time sequence of the occurrence of different types of AE, AE rate, b-value and local failure AE signal can be applied to the prediction or early warning of geological hazards.
文摘土石混合体介质具有高度非均质性、显著的结构效应与尺寸效应等特点,这使其物理力学特性及其复杂。本文针对土石混合体在剪切过程中剪切带的变形性状与影响因素,采用自主研发的RSM–1000型电机伺服控制大型土工抗剪强度试验系统,考虑不同含石量(0,30%,50%,70%)、上覆压力(50,200,300,400 k Pa)、块石尺寸(L1,L2,L3)3个主要结构控制因素,进行土石混合体剪切变形试验,通过在试样内部钻孔设置铝丝与干灰的方法,监测剪切带特征变化规律。研究结果表明:当含石量小于30%时,块石对试样的变形影响较小,强度主要依赖于砂土强度;当含石量达到50%时,试样内已形成骨架结构,变形受块石的影响突显,强度由块石和砂土共同作用;当含石量达到70%时,试样内已形成块石架空结构。在高含石量与大粒径块石条件下,含贯穿剪切面的块石试样随剪切变形发展,块石发生挤压、翻转现象;剪切面附近分布块石的试样,随剪切变形发展,块石以剪胀作用为主,块石发生挤压、棱角剪断与错动重分布。试样的剪切变形现象可类比由后向前变形的推移式滑坡或由前后向中间变形的复合式滑坡的破坏特征,即后缘坡顶在主动土压力作用下产生裂隙,随之下沉挤密、失稳起滑;前缘坡脚蠕滑变形推移;坡中岩土体发生剪切错动至滑动面渐进扩展破坏,最终剪切面贯通,形成整体破坏。该研究成果对揭示土石混合体滑坡剪切带形成演化规律、破坏模式及土石混合体滑坡的防灾减灾具有重要意义。
