Effects of grape seed extract on meat color and premature browning of meat patties in high-oxygen packaging

This study investigated the effects of grape seed extract(GSE)on fresh and cooked meat color and premature browning(PMB)in ground meat patties(85% beef and 15% pork back fat)packaged under high-oxygen modified atmospheres(HiOx-MAP).The GSE was added to patties at concentrations of 0,0.10,0.25,0.50 and 0.75 g kg^(-1).This study evaluated the surface color,pH,lipid oxidation,and total viable counts(TVC)of raw patties,and the internal color and pH of patties cooked to a temperature of 66 or 71℃ over 10-day storage at 4℃.Compared with the control(0 g kg^(-1) GSE),GSE improved the color stability(P<0.05)and significantly inhibited the lipid and myoglobin oxidation of raw patties from day 5 to 10,but GSE had no effect(P>0.05)on TVC.Patties containing 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^(-1) GSE cooked to 66℃ exhibited greater(P<0.05)interior redness than the control and reduced the PMB of cooked patties in the late storage stage.These results suggested that 0.50 and 0.75 g kg^(-1) GSE can improve fresh meat color and minimize PMB of HiOx-MAP patties.

Vitamin C, Grape Seed Extract and Citrus Bioflavonoids Protect the Skin against Photoaging: A Review

The skin is a major protective organ of the body. It is constantly exposed to the environment and is very resilient. But exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent inflammatory responses that can overwhelm the innate protective mechanisms of the skin. This results in damage and premature aging. Strategies to mitigate this premature photoaging might include avoidance of sunlight. However, some sunlight exposure is beneficial to health. One notable example of this is the production of vitamin D. A more practical approach to preventing adverse effects of UV light in the skin is antioxidant supplementation. Dietary antioxidants may help control ROS propagation following UV light exposure. To further evaluate the utility of antioxidants in protecting the skin, in vitro, in vivo and human studies of three well known dietary antioxidants are reviewed and discussed. The data clearly demonstrate that vitamin C, grape seed extract and citrus bioflavonoids have the potential to reduce the damaging effects of excess sun exposure via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating mechanisms. As such, regular ingestion of dietary antioxidants appears to be a useful strategy for protecting the skin against photoaging.

Grape Seed Extract and the Fetal Ductus Arteriosus: A Potential Danger of a Common Herbal Supplement

A female at 28 weeks gestation was referred to pediatric cardiology for a fetal arrhythmia. The echocardiogram revealed premature constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Her work up was unremarkable except for her use of an herbal supplement, grape seed extract, which is advertised as a potent anti-inflammatory medication, and has biochemical properties similar to other medications that have been shown to cause premature ductal constriction. The use of herbal remedies increases each year. Although the public is inundated with radio, television, and internet advertisements for these products, little unbiased information regarding the possible dangers of toxicity or adverse reactions exists. As physicians, we need to be aware of these products, and counsel our patients accordingly.

In vitro antimicrobial effects of grape seed extract on peri-implantitis microflora in craniofacial implants

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial effects of grape seed on peri-implantitis microflora.Methods:The grape seed extract was tested against peri-implantitis microflora most commonly found in craniofacial implants including reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Escherichia coli(E.coli),Candida albicans(C.albicans)and clinical strains of S.aureus,Klebsiella pneumonia(K.pneumonia)and Candida parapsilosis(C.parapsilosis)by disk diffusion test.Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)and minimum cidal concentrations(MCC)were determined using modified agar dilution millpore method.The extract was further combined with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol,and was tested for antimicrobial effects.Results:Grape seed extract showed positive inhibitory effects with S.aureus at MIC of 0.625 mg/mL and MCC of1.25 mg/mL respectively.However the extracts showed minimal or no reactivity against strains of E.coli,K.pneumonia,C.parapsilosis and C.albicans.The use of grape seed extract in combination with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol also showed dose dependent inhibitory effect on S.aureus.Conclusions:The results of the study showed that grape seed has potential antimicrobial effects which can be further studied and developed to be used in the treatment of infected skinabutment interface of craniofacial implants.

Grape Seed Extract (<i>Vitisvinifera</i>) Alleviate Neurotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Lead Acetate in Male Albino Rats

Grape seed extracts (GSE) are very potent antioxidant and exhibit numerous interesting pharmacologic activities, including an antioxidant property, and has been suggested to be of use in treatment of several diseases. The present study has been undertaken to investigate the protective and therapeutic effect of GSE against lead-induced neuro and hepatotoxicity in rat. Male albino rats were divided into six groups: the 1st group, rats were injected daily with saline vehicle and served as negative control, the 2nd group (positive control group), the rats were injected (i.p.) with subacute dose (100 mg/kg b·w/day) of lead acetate (LA). The 3rd group (protective group), the rats were injected (i.p.) with LA (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for 7 days after treatment with GSE (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for 3 weeks. The 4th, 5th and 6th groups (therapeutics groups), rats were injected (i.p.) with subacut dose (100 mg/kg b·w/day) of lead acetate for 7 days, then treated with GSE (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for one, two and three weeks, respectively. The level of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) were evaluated in brain regions (cerebellum, brainstem, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus). The result indicated that the administration of subacute dose of LA (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) induce a significant decrease in NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA content in all tested brain regions. Also the obtained data showed significant increase in liver enzymes: serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in group 2 (positive control). There is an improvement in neurotransmitters content. Also the obtained data showed significant in- crease in liver enzymes of protective (G3) and therapeutics groups (G4, G5 and G6) which received GSE compared with animal group that received lead acetate (G2). This is may be the presence of proanthocyanidins and procyanidins which have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The result suggests that grape seed extract may prevent lead-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.

The Protective Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin Drug in Male Rats

Objective: This work was designed to determine the productive effect of grape seed proanthocynadine extract (GSPE) and Vitamin E against Doxorubicin (DOX) induced myocardial toxicity in 50 male. Wister rates were divided in five groups. The 1st group was untreated and served as a control. The 2nd group was treated with DOX only, the 3rd group was pretreated with GSPE, the 4th group was pretreated with Vitamin E, and the 5th group was pretreated with GSPE and Vitamin E. DOX was administered by single i.p (Intraperitonial) injection of 15 mg/kg/body weight to induce cardio toxicity and Vitamin E was administered at a dose of 400 IU/kg/bodyweight/day, p.o (per oral) for 10 days prior to DOX administration [1]. GSPE was given at a dose of 150 mg/kg/bodyweight/ day, p.o (per oral) for 10 days before treatment with DOX. After 2 weeks experimental period, blood samples and heart tissues were taken from all groups. The general observations, mortality, histopathology, biomarker enzymes like Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Antioxidants such as Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored after 2 weeks of the last dose. Results: Administration of DOX caused cardiomyopathy associated with an antioxidant deficiency. Pretreatment with GSPE and Vitamin E significantly (P < 0.01) protected the myocardium from the toxic effects of DOX by reducing the elevated level of biomarkers and diagnostic enzymes like LDH, CPK, AST, and ALT to normal levels. GSPE and Vitamin E increased the GSH, SOD and CAT levels and decreased the MDA levels in cardiac tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest a cardioprotective effect of GSPE and Vitamin E due to its antioxidant properties.

Grape Seed Extract Attenuates Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response of Immune Cells

Objective: To examine the anti-inflammatory effect of grape seed extract(GSE) in animal and cellular models and explore its mechanism of action. Methods: This study determined the inhibitory effect of GSE on macrophage inflammation and Th1 and Th17 polarization in vitro. Based on the in vitro results, the effects and mechanisms of GSE on multiple sclerosis(MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) mice model were further explored. The C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered with 50 mg/kg of GSE once a day from the 3rd day to the 27th day after immunization. The activation of microglia, the polarization of Th1 and Th17and the inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-17and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) secreted by them were detected in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively. Results: GSE reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(P<0.01), inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and IFN-γ in spleen cells of EAE mice immunized for 9 days(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 mediated by CD3 and CD28 factors(P<0.01). GSE significantly improved the clinical symptoms of EAE mice, and inhibited spinal cord demyelination and inflammatory cell infiltration. Peripherally, GSE downregulated the expression of toll-like-receptor 4(TLR4) and Rho-associated kinase(ROCKⅡ, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors(P<0.01 or P<0.05). In the central nervous system, GSE inhibited the infiltration of CD45+CD11b+and CD45+CD4+cells, and weakened the differentiation of Th1 and Th17(P<0.05). Moreover, it reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors(P<0.01), and prevented the activation of microglia(P<0.05). Conclusion: GSE had a beneficial effect on the pathogenesis and progression of EAE by inhibiting inflammatory response as a potential drug and strategy for the treatment of MS.

Buffalo stirred yoghurt fortified with grape seed extract:New insights into its functional properties

Grape seed extract(GSE)is considered one of the major byproducts,which are rich in phenolic content and possess several health-promoting activities including antibacterial,anticancer,and antioxidant.The current research was devoted to improve the bioactive properties of stirred yoghurt through supplementation with GSE at three concentrations(0.1,0.25,and 0.5 g/100 g yoghurt).The obtained stirred yoghurts were analyzed for determining their composition,pH,syneresis,viscosity,and sensory evaluation.Furthermore,some functional properties including antioxidant,antibacterial,anticancer activities were estimated.Significant increments(p≤0.05)were observed in total solids,ash contents,pH,water holding capacity,and viscosity values,especially when 0.5%GSE was added.Moreover,adding 0.5%GSE showed higher(p≤0.05)in vitro antioxidant,antibacterial,and anticancer activities.Interestingly,the improved bioactive properties resulting from adding GSE,even at the higher concentration,were not accompanied by any change in sensory properties.In particular,the color descriptor was mostly preferred by panelists when 0.5%GSE was added.The assessors did not observe any off-flavors in any of the tested stirred yoghurt samples.Therefore,the functional properties of stirred yoghurt could be improved by adding GSE preparation without affecting its organoleptic properties.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates Arsenic-induced Oxidative Reproductive Toxicity in Male Mice

Objective To determine the ability of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE) in alleviating arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity. Methods Sixty male Kunming mice received the following treatments by gavage: normal saline solution(control); arsenic trioxide(ATO; 4 mg/kg); GSPE(400 mg/kg); ATO+GSPE(100 mg/kg); ATO+GSPE(200 mg/kg) and ATO+GSPE(400 mg/kg). Thereafter, the mice were sacrificed and weighed, and the testis was examined for pathological changes. Nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1(HO1), glutathione S-transferase(GST), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, and quinone 1(NQO1) expression in the testis was detected by real-time PCR. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), total antioxidative capability(T-AOC), malondialdehyde(MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHd G), and reproductive indexes were analyzed. Results ATO-treated mice showed a significantly decreased sperm count and testis somatic index and activity levels of SOD, GSH, and T-AOC than control group. Compared to the ATO-treated group, ATO +GSPE group showed recovery of the measured parameters. Mice treated with ATO+high-dose GSPE showed the highest level of m RNA expression of Nrf2, HO, NQO1, and GST. Conclusion GSPE alleviates oxidative stress damage in mouse testis by activating Nrf2 signaling, thus counteracting arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Ameliorates Streptozotocin-induced Cognitive and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Preserving AKT and ERK Activities

Progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment are the main clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Currently,there is no effective drug available for the treatment of AD.Previous studies have demonstrated that the cognitive impairment of AD is associated with oxidative stress and the inhibition of AKT and ERK phosphorylation.Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE)has been shown to have strong antioxidant effect and can protect the nervous system from oxidative stress damage.This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GSPE on the cognitive and synaptic impairments of AD using a sporadic AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular(ICV)injection of streptozotocin(STZ)(ICV-STZ).Rats were treated with GSPE(50,100,or 200 mg/kg every day)by intragastrical(ig.)administration for continuous 7 weeks,and ICV-STZ(3 mg/kg)was performed on the first day and third day of week 5.Learning and memory abilities were assessed by the Morris water maze(MWM)test at week 8.After behavioral test,hippocampal long-term potentiation(LTP)was recorded,and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutases(SOD),glutathione(GSH)and the protein expression of AKT and ERK were measured in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.Our study revealed that ICV-STZ significantly impaired the working learning ability and hippocampal LTP of rats,significantly increased the levels of MDA,and decreased the activity of SOD and GSH in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.In contrast,GSPE treatment prevented the impairment of cognitive function and hippocampal LTP induced by ICV-STZ,decreased the level of MDA,and increased the level of SOD and GSH.Furthermore,Western blot results showed that GSPE treatment could prevent the loss of AKT and ERK activities in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex induced by ICV-STZ.Our findings demonstrate that GSPE treatment could ameliorate the impairment of cognitive ability and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of sporadic AD by inhibiting oxidative stress and preserving AKT and ERK activities.Therefore,GSPE may be an effective agent for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with sporadic AD.

Inhibitory Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Selenite-induced Cataract Formation and Possible Mechanism

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE) on selenite-induced cataract formation in rats and the possible mechanism.Eighty 8-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 5 groups:control group,model group,three GSPE groups(low dose,medium dose and high dose).Control group received subcutaneous injection of physiological saline.Model group was given subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite(20 μmol/kg body weight) on the postpartum day 10,and once every other day for consecutive three times thereafter.GSPE treated groups were respectively administered GSPE at doses of 50,100,and 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically 2 days prior to the selenite injection(that was,on the postpartum day 8),and once daily for fourteen consecutive days thereafter.The opacity of lenses was observed,graded and photographed under the slit lamp microscopy and the maximal diameter of the nuclear cataract plaques was measured.The lenses were analyzed for superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),malondialdehyde(MDA),calcium(Ca 2+),nitric oxide(NO) and anti-hydroxyl radical ability(anti-OH).The histomorphology of lenses was observed with HE staining under a light microscope.The levels of calpainⅡ,and iNOS protein and mRNA expression in lenses were detected by using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative RT-PCR.The results showed subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite led to severe nuclear cataract in model group,and the achievement ratio of model group was 100%.As compared with model group,the degree of lenses opacity and the maximal diameter of nuclear cataract plaques were significantly reduced in GSPE-treated groups.Moreover,we observed selenite treatment caused a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidative enzymes(SOD,CAT,GSH-PX) and anti-OH ability,accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of MDA,NO,Ca 2+ as well as iNOS,and calpainⅡ protein and mRNA expression.Administration of GSPE could dose-dependently preserve the activities of these antioxidative enzymes and anti-OH ability,accompanied by a significant reduction in the levels of MDA,NO,Ca 2+ as well as iNOS,and calpainⅡ protein and mRNA expression.These results suggested that GSPE markedly prevented selenite-induced cataract formation probably by suppressing the generation of lipid peroxidation and free radicals as well as the activation of iNOS,and calpainⅡ in the lenses.

Neuroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Procyanidin Extracton Ischemia-Reperfusion Brain Injury

客观氧化应力(OS ) 在 ischemic 击起一个关键作用。葡萄种子 procyanidin 摘录(GSPE ) 被报导是 OS 的一个批评管理者。我们假设了那 GSPE 可能也在 ischemia-reperfusion 大脑损害保护。这研究试图探索 GSPE 管理是否能保护老鼠免受 ischemia-reperfusion 大脑 injury.Methods 的伤害短暂中间的服的动脉吸藏(MCAO ) 被进行由灌注列在后面 24 个小时在收到了 GSPE 的老鼠使 ischemia-reperfusion 成为大脑损害(MCAOG， n=60 ) 或正常盐(MCAONS， n=60 ) 。假冒操作老鼠(GSPE 组和正常的盐的组) 被放作为控制。神经病学的严厉分数(NSS ) 被用来在 MCAO 以后评估神经功能缺陷 1 小时， 24 小时， 3 天和 7 天。鼠标与一台 3T 动物 MRI 扫描仪经历了大脑 T2WI 成像在灌注以后的 24 个小时，和大脑的击卷根据反常信号紧张被计算。在在灌注以后的 24 h 的大脑纸巾的 Immunohistopathological 分析为 neuronal 被执行原子抗原(NeuN ) ， CD34， Bcl-2，和 Bax。谷胱甘肽 peroxidation (GSH-Px ) 活动和大脑织物的 malonaldehyde (MDA ) 的水平也被检验。上述索引在组 statistically.Results 之中被比较重要功能的改进被观察在在与 MCAONS 相比的 MCAOG 组的 MCAO 以后的 24 个小时组织(P < 0.05 ) 。MCAOG 组有更小的服的击体积(22.46 ? ┷ ? 有 ? ┷ ????????????????? 倠 ??? ‵? ￡ ?? 蟸吗？？

Beneficial clinical effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques

BackgroundAtherosclerotic 匾显示局部缺血事件和它的出现是为临床的医生的一项困难的任务。葡萄种子 proanthocyanidin 摘录(GSPE ) 被报导了由在动物导致动脉粥样硬化患者匾的回归施加 antiatherogenic 效果试验性的研究。在这研究， GSPE 的 antiatherogenic 效果在 287 个病人与免费颈动脉 intima 媒介厚度(CIMT ) 随机被分到 GSPE 组的无征状的颈动脉匾或反常的匾诊断了的临床的 use.MethodsConsecutive 被调查了(n = 146 ) 或控制组(n = 141 ) 。在 GSPE 的病人口头上地每天组织收到的 GSPE 200 mg，当在控制组的病人仅仅在一个生活方式干预程序被注册时。颈动脉超声检查在基线被执行并且 6， 12， 24 个月在后续期间。吝啬的最大的 CIMT ( MMCIMT )，匾分数，脉管的事件是的匾和 ischemic 的 echogenicity recorded.ResultsAs 预计在治疗以后， GSPE 在 MMCIMT 前进导致了重要减小(在六个月以后的4.2%减少，4.9%在 12 个月以后减少，5.8%在 24 个月以后减少)并且为主要结果的匾分数(在六个月，在 12 个月以后的24.1%减少和在 24 个月以后的33.1%减少以后的10.9%减少)，当 MMCIMT 和匾分数稳定、平时，增加匾和不稳定的匾的数字也在 GSPE 的治疗以后减少了。而且，颈动脉匾能与 GSPE 消失在治疗以后。为在 GSPE 组的不稳定的咽峡炎的为临时的 ischemic 攻击( TIA )的发生率，动脉的 revascularization 过程，和医院重新接纳是统计上重要的更低( P = 0.02 ， 0.08 ， 0.002 ，分别地)与控制相比， group.ConclusionsGSPE 禁止了前进在 GSPE 的 MMCIMT 和减少的颈动脉匾尺寸对待病人，并且与扩大治疗， MMCIMT 上的优异功效和颈动脉匾发生了。而且， GSPE 组显示出临床的脉管的事件的更低的率。

Quantitative Mitochondrial Proteomics Study on Protective Mechanism of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Heart Injury in Rat

Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury is a critical condition,often associated with high morbidity and mortality.The cardioprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts(GSPE) against oxidant injury during I/R has been described in previous studies.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.This study investigated the effect of GSPE on reperfusion arrhythmias especially ventricular tachycardia(VT) and ventricular fibrillation(VF),the lactic acid accumulation and the ultrastructure of ischemic cardiomyocytes as well as the global changes of mitochondria proteins in in vivo rat heart model against I/R injury.GSPE significantly reduced the incidence of VF and VT,lessened the lactic acid accumulation and attenuated the ultrastructure damage.Twenty differential proteins related to cardiac protection were revealed by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ) profiling.These proteins were mainly involved in energy metabolism.Besides,monoamine oxidase A(MAOA) was also identified.The differential expression of several proteins was validated by Western blot.Our study offered important information on the mechanism of GSPE treatment in ischemic heart disease.

Studies on Growth-promoting Function and Mechanism of Extract from Grape Seed and Sweet Wormwood on Monopterus albus

[Objectives]The effect and mechanism of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract on growth of Monopterus albus were studied.[Methods]1 500 healthy M.albus with average mass of 23.8 g/tail were randomly divided into 5 groups.The control group was fed with basal diet and the experimental groups were fed with 10,20,30 and 40 g/kg of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract,respectively.The growth performance of the fish was measured after 60 d of feeding at 23-28℃.[Results]The addition of grape seed and sweet wormwood extract in basal diet could increase the body weight gain rate,specific growth rate and protein efficiency,and decrease the feed coefficient.The activity of digestive enzymes,glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,blood alkaline phosphatase and serum total protein was increased,and the contents of blood glucose and triglyceride were decreased.Compared with the control group,the above indexes showed significant difference(P<0.05)when the dosage was 20 and 30 g/kg(P<0.05).The difference was not significant(P>0.05)when the dosage was 10 and 40 g/kg(P>0.05).[Conclusions]As a feed additive,the plant extract from grape seed and sweet wormwood could increase digestive enzyme activity and regulate blood biochemical parameters of fish body.It had the function of promoting the digestion and absorption,enhancing the metabolic activity of 3 main nutrients,and hastening the growth of fish.

复合膜对草莓3D打印产品保鲜效果的影响

为研究复合膜对草莓3D打印产品保鲜效果的影响,使用3种化合物(氯化钙、葡萄籽提取物和壳聚糖)作为保鲜剂,设置不同的添加量分别对草莓3D打印产品进行覆膜处理。结果显示,草莓3D打印产品在氯化钙浓度为0.5%、葡萄籽提取物浓度为0.5%、壳聚糖浓度为1.5%时保鲜效果最好。此条件下贮藏11 d,产品腐烂速率最慢,腐烂指数为17.5%;失水性最低,失重率为2.96%、硬度为1.89 N;总酚含量及抗氧化能力保留的最好,总酚含量为0.56 mg/g、DPPH自由基清除率为48.64%、ABTS+自由基清除率为39.06%。综上,说明复合膜对于延长草莓3D打印产品的货架期有积极作用。

葡萄籽原花青素提取物对心肌梗死大鼠肾素-血管紧张素系统及AQP2蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨葡萄籽原花青素提取物(GSPE)对心肌梗死大鼠肾素血管紧张素-系统及水通道蛋白2(AQP2)表达的影响。方法:将55只无特定病原体(SPF)级Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠按照随机数字表法分为健康组、模型组、辛伐他汀组、GSPE低剂量组及GSPE高剂量组,每组11只。除健康组外其余大鼠均采用冠状动脉结扎法制备心肌梗死模型,建模成功后,GSPE低剂量组、高剂量组大鼠分别灌胃100 mg/kg、400 mg/kg葡萄籽原花青素溶液,辛伐他汀组灌胃40 mg辛伐他汀溶液。苏木精-伊红(HE)染色后观察心肌组织形态;末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的原位缺口末端转移酶标记法(TUNEL)检测心肌细胞凋亡;超声心动图监测心功能;放射免疫法检测血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血浆肾素活性(PRA)、醛固酮水平;免疫印迹法检测心肌组织中AQP2、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病2号基因(Bcl-2)及半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)蛋白水平。结果:与健康组比较,模型组大鼠左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)升高,左心室射血分数(LVEF)和左心室短轴缩短分数(LVFS)降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组及辛伐他汀组LVEDD、LVESD降低,LVEF、LVFS升高(P<0.05),GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组间比较差异有统计学意义,而GSPE高剂量组与辛伐他汀组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与健康组比较,模型组大鼠AngⅡ、PRA、醛固酮升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组及辛伐他汀组AngⅡ、PRA、醛固酮降低(P<0.05)。健康组、模型组、GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组及辛伐他汀组的心肌细胞凋亡率分别为(5.11±0.33)%、(46.22±3.97)%、(28.46±3.77)%、(15.42±2.33)%及(16.34±2.57)%,各组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与健康组比较,模型组大鼠心肌组织中AQP2、Caspase-3蛋白水平升高,Bcl-2蛋白水平降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组、辛代他汀组大鼠心肌组织中AQP2、Caspase-3蛋白水平降低,Bcl-2蛋白水平升高(P<0.05)。结论:GSPE对心肌梗死有保护作用,可改善心功能水平,减少心肌细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与调控AQP2蛋白表达有关。

葡萄籽提取物抑制大鼠生长板软骨细胞凋亡及促进胫骨的生长

背景:已有文献报道,葡萄籽提取物在抑制雄激素依赖型肿瘤的生长(如乳腺癌等)方面具有一定的作用,因此理论上葡萄籽提取物可以抑制青少年后期由于雌激素产生的骨骺闭合现象。目的:观察葡萄籽提取物对大鼠生长板软骨细胞凋亡及骨骺闭合的影响。方法:①体外实验:取对数生长期的大鼠胫骨及股骨生长板软骨细胞,分组培养:正常对照组、模型对照组(加入17β雌二醇诱导细胞凋亡)、阳性对照组(加入来曲唑与17β雌二醇)、葡萄籽提取物组(加入17β雌二醇和10μg/mL葡萄籽提取物)、Caspase-9抑制剂组(加入17β雌二醇和Caspase-9抑制剂)、Caspase-9激动剂组(加入17β雌二醇和Caspase-9激动剂),培养48 h后,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。②体内实验:将30只3月龄SD大鼠随机分为模型对照组、阳性对照组及药物低、中、高剂量组,每组5只,均皮下注射17β雌二醇(3次/周)建立骨骺闭合模型,阳性对照组灌胃给予来曲唑,药物低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予0.05,0.2,0.8 g/kg的葡萄籽提取物,1次/d,直至模型对照组大鼠胫骨平台骨骺闭合2/3以上停药,观察各组大鼠胫骨长度。将18只SD大鼠随机分为模型对照组、阳性对照组、药物中剂量组,每组6只,按照如上方法处理,连续给药1.5个月后,Western blot检测大鼠胫骨生长板软骨Caspase-9蛋白表达。结果与结论:①体外实验:17β雌二醇可诱发生长板软骨细胞的凋亡,而来曲唑、葡萄籽提取物与Caspase-9抑制剂均可抑制生长板软骨细胞的凋亡;②体内实验:当模型对照组大鼠胫骨平台骨骺闭合2/3以上时,阳性对照组、药物中剂量组骨骺闭合数量少于模型对照组(P<0.05),且胫骨长度大于模型对照组(P<0.05),胫骨生长板软骨Caspase-9蛋白表达低于模型对照组(P<0.05);③结果表明:适宜浓度的葡萄籽提取物可有效抑制生长板软骨细胞的凋亡并延迟骨骺闭合,具有促进骨骼生长的潜能。

葡萄籽提取物、茶多酚可食性活性包装膜对罗非鱼的保鲜作用

为提高罗非鱼贮藏品质,延长其货架期,以海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)、纳米纤维(nanofiber,NCC)为基材,添加葡萄籽提取物(grape seed extract,GSE)、茶多酚(tea polyphenols,TP)制备可食性活性包装膜,用于鱼肉的保鲜,分析不同复合保鲜膜处理对罗非鱼的保鲜效果。通过测定鱼肉持水力、色泽、pH、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)值、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)值以及鱼肉肌纤维蛋白溶解度、巯基含量、羰基含量、表面疏水性等指标,研究贮藏过程中鱼肉品质的变化及蛋白氧化变性程度。结果表明,与对照组(CK)、SA-NCC组相比,含GSE、TP的GT-SA-NCC膜包封的鱼肉持水力较高,pH、TBA、TVB-N值上升速率较慢;鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白溶解度、巯基含量最低,羰基含量、表面疏水性较高,GSE、TP的加入有利于复合膜延缓罗非鱼脂质及蛋白氧化,维持鱼肉贮藏过程中的品质特性及蛋白的功能性质。