Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates Arsenic-induced Oxidative Reproductive Toxicity in Male Mice

Objective To determine the ability of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract （GSPE） in alleviating arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity. Methods Sixty male Kunming mice received the following treatments by gavage： normal saline solution （control）; arsenic trioxide （ATO; 4 mg/kg）; GSPE （400 mg/kg）; ATO＋GSPE （100 mg/kg）; ATO＋GSPE （200 mg/kg） and ATO＋GSPE （400 mg/kg）. Thereafter, the mice were sacrificed and weighed, and the testis was examined for pathological changes. Nuclear factor （erythroid-derived 2）-like 2 （Nrf2）, heme oxygenase 1 （HO1）, glutathione S-transferase （GST）, NAD（P）H dehydrogenase, and quinone 1 [NQO1） expression in the testis was detected by real-time PCR. Superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione （GSH）, total antioxidative capability （T-AOC）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine （8-OHdG）, and reproductive indexes were analyzed. Results ATO-treated mice showed a significantly decreased sperm count and testis somatic index and activity levels of SOD, GSH, and T-AOC than control group. Compared to the ATO-treated group, ATO ＋GSPE group showed recovery of the measured parameters. Mice treated with ATO＋high-dose GSPE showed the highest level of mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO, NO.O1, and GST. Conclusion GSPE alleviates oxidative stress damage in mouse testis by activating Nrf2 signaling, thus counteracting arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.

Inhibitory Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Selenite-induced Cataract Formation and Possible Mechanism

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE) on selenite-induced cataract formation in rats and the possible mechanism.Eighty 8-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 5 groups:control group,model group,three GSPE groups(low dose,medium dose and high dose).Control group received subcutaneous injection of physiological saline.Model group was given subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite(20 μmol/kg body weight) on the postpartum day 10,and once every other day for consecutive three times thereafter.GSPE treated groups were respectively administered GSPE at doses of 50,100,and 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically 2 days prior to the selenite injection(that was,on the postpartum day 8),and once daily for fourteen consecutive days thereafter.The opacity of lenses was observed,graded and photographed under the slit lamp microscopy and the maximal diameter of the nuclear cataract plaques was measured.The lenses were analyzed for superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),malondialdehyde(MDA),calcium(Ca 2+),nitric oxide(NO) and anti-hydroxyl radical ability(anti-OH).The histomorphology of lenses was observed with HE staining under a light microscope.The levels of calpainⅡ,and iNOS protein and mRNA expression in lenses were detected by using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative RT-PCR.The results showed subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite led to severe nuclear cataract in model group,and the achievement ratio of model group was 100%.As compared with model group,the degree of lenses opacity and the maximal diameter of nuclear cataract plaques were significantly reduced in GSPE-treated groups.Moreover,we observed selenite treatment caused a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidative enzymes(SOD,CAT,GSH-PX) and anti-OH ability,accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of MDA,NO,Ca 2+ as well as iNOS,and calpainⅡ protein and mRNA expression.Administration of GSPE could dose-dependently preserve the activities of these antioxidative enzymes and anti-OH ability,accompanied by a significant reduction in the levels of MDA,NO,Ca 2+ as well as iNOS,and calpainⅡ protein and mRNA expression.These results suggested that GSPE markedly prevented selenite-induced cataract formation probably by suppressing the generation of lipid peroxidation and free radicals as well as the activation of iNOS,and calpainⅡ in the lenses.

Quantitative Mitochondrial Proteomics Study on Protective Mechanism of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Heart Injury in Rat

Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion（I/R） injury is a critical condition,often associated with high morbidity and mortality.The cardioprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts（GSPE） against oxidant injury during I/R has been described in previous studies.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.This study investigated the effect of GSPE on reperfusion arrhythmias especially ventricular tachycardia（VT） and ventricular fibrillation（VF）,the lactic acid accumulation and the ultrastructure of ischemic cardiomyocytes as well as the global changes of mitochondria proteins in in vivo rat heart model against I/R injury.GSPE significantly reduced the incidence of VF and VT,lessened the lactic acid accumulation and attenuated the ultrastructure damage.Twenty differential proteins related to cardiac protection were revealed by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation（iTRAQ） profiling.These proteins were mainly involved in energy metabolism.Besides,monoamine oxidase A（MAOA） was also identified.The differential expression of several proteins was validated by Western blot.Our study offered important information on the mechanism of GSPE treatment in ischemic heart disease.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Ameliorates Streptozotocin-induced Cognitive and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Preserving AKT and ERK Activities

Progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment are the main clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Currently,there is no effective drug available for the treatment of AD.Previous studies have demonstrated that the cognitive impairment of AD is associated with oxidative stress and the inhibition of AKT and ERK phosphorylation.Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE)has been shown to have strong antioxidant effect and can protect the nervous system from oxidative stress damage.This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GSPE on the cognitive and synaptic impairments of AD using a sporadic AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular(ICV)injection of streptozotocin(STZ)(ICV-STZ).Rats were treated with GSPE(50,100,or 200 mg/kg every day)by intragastrical(ig.)administration for continuous 7 weeks,and ICV-STZ(3 mg/kg)was performed on the first day and third day of week 5.Learning and memory abilities were assessed by the Morris water maze(MWM)test at week 8.After behavioral test,hippocampal long-term potentiation(LTP)was recorded,and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutases(SOD),glutathione(GSH)and the protein expression of AKT and ERK were measured in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.Our study revealed that ICV-STZ significantly impaired the working learning ability and hippocampal LTP of rats,significantly increased the levels of MDA,and decreased the activity of SOD and GSH in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.In contrast,GSPE treatment prevented the impairment of cognitive function and hippocampal LTP induced by ICV-STZ,decreased the level of MDA,and increased the level of SOD and GSH.Furthermore,Western blot results showed that GSPE treatment could prevent the loss of AKT and ERK activities in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex induced by ICV-STZ.Our findings demonstrate that GSPE treatment could ameliorate the impairment of cognitive ability and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of sporadic AD by inhibiting oxidative stress and preserving AKT and ERK activities.Therefore,GSPE may be an effective agent for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with sporadic AD.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin protects liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress

AIM: To explore the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin(GSP) in liver ischemia/reperfusion(IR) injury and alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats(220-250 g) were divided into three groups, namely, sham, IR, and GSP groups(n = 8 each). A liver IR(70%) model was established and reperfused for 6 h. Prior to reperfusion, the GSP group was administered with GSP(100 mg/kg) for 15 d, and liver histology was then investigated. Serum aminotransferase and inflammatory mediators coupled with superoxide dismutase and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde were detected. Western blot was conducted to analyze the expression of glucoseregulated protein 78, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, activating transcription factor-4, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, procaspase-12, and nuclear factor-κb. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining.RESULTS: The serum aminotransferase, apoptotic cells, and Suzuki scores decreased in the GSP group compared with the IR group(P s < 0.05). The methanedicarboxylic aldehyde level was decreased in the GSP group, but the superoxide dismutase level was reversed(P s < 0.05). Similarly, GSP downregulated the proinflammatory factors and upregulated the levels of anti-inflammatory factors(Ps < 0.05). Western blot data showed that GSP increased glucose-regulated protein 78 expression and suppressed expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, activating transcription factor-4, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, procaspase-12, and nuclear factor-κb compared with the IR group.CONCLUSION: GSP possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects by relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress through regulation of related signaling pathways to protect the liver against IR injury.

Beneficial clinical effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques

Background Atherosclerotic plaques indicate the occurrence of ischemia events and it is a difficult task for clinical physicians. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract （GSPE） has been reported to exert an antiatherogenic effect by inducing regression of atherosclerotic plaques in animal experimental studies. In this study, the antiatherogenic effect of GSPE has been investigated in clinical use. Methods Consecu- tive 287 patients diagnosed with asymptomatic carotid plaques or abnormal plaque free carotid intima-media thickness （CIMT） were ran- domly assigned to the GSPE group （n = 146） or control group （n = 141）. The patients in the GSPE group received GSPE 200 mg per day orally, while patients in the control group were only enrolled in a lifestyle intervention program. Carotid ultrasound examination was per- formed at baseline and 6, 12, 24 months during follow-up. Mean maximum CIMT （MMCIMT）, plaque score, echogenicity of plaques and ischemic vascular events were recorded. Results As anticipated, after treatment, GSPE resulted in significant reduction in MMCIMT pro- gression （4.2% decrease after six months, 4.9% decrease after 12 months and 5.8% decrease after 24 months） and plaque score （10.9% de- crease after six months, 24.1% decrease after 12 months and 33.1% decrease after 24 months） for the primary outcome, while MMCIMT and plaque score were stable and even increased with the time going on in control group. The number of plaques and unstable plaques also de- creased after treatment of GSPE. Furthermore, the carotid plaque can disappear after treatment with GSPE. The incidence rate for transitory ischemic attack （TIA）, arterial revascularization procedure, and hospital readmission for unstable angina in GSPE group were statistically significant lower （P = 0.02, 0.08, 0.002, respectively） compared with the control group. Conclusions GSPE inhibited the progression of MMCIMT and reduced carotid plaque size in GSPE treated patients, and with extended treatment, the superior efficacy on MMCIMT and carotid plaque occurred. Furthermore, the GSPE group showed lower rates of clinical vascular events.

葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及血脂的影响

试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)对AA肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血脂的影响。选取1日龄AA肉鸡360只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,GSP-L组和GSP-H组分别在基础饲粮中添加250、500 mg/kg葡萄籽原花青素。试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,GSP-H组肉鸡1~42日龄平均日采食量和平均日增重显著增加(P<0.05),料重比差异不显著(P>0.05);GSP-H组和GSP-L组肉鸡腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05);GSP-H组肉鸡血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,葡萄籽原花青素能有效改善肉鸡的生长性能、屠宰性能和血脂水平,适宜添加量为500 mg/kg。

Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on tumor vasculogenic mimicry in liver cancer xenograft model

Objective: As a novel blood supply pattern, vasculogenic mimicry(VM) has attracted increasingly attention in recent years, which may partly compensate for the absence of feeding and facilitate tumor perfusion. However, anti-angiogenic drugs have little effect on VM. The grape seed proanthocyanidins(GSPs), a kind of promising bioactive phytochemical, has shown anti-carcinogenesis and anti-angiogenic in several tumor models. However, GSPs regulation of VM and its possible mechanisms in a H22 hepatoma carcinoma model remain not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of GSPs on proliferation and VM in a H22 hepatoma carcinoma model and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods: Seventy-five mice were divided into the control group and experimental groups treated with different concentration of GSPs. CD34-PAS dual staining was employed to identify the VM structure. The immunohistochemical staining for investigating the expression of VEGF, Eph A2 and MMP-2 protein was performed. Results: Treatment of the H22 model with Endostar(4 mg/kg), 50, 100, 200 mg/kg of the GSPs resulted in 6.87%, 17.81%, 27.43%, 53.52% inhibition in tumor growth, respectively. The mean weight of tumors were significantly lower in GSPs(100 mg/kg) and GSPs(200 mg/kg) groups than in the control group(all P < 0.01). Similarly, compared with the control group, the number of VM channels were significantly reduced in GSPs(100 mg/kg) and GSPs(200 mg/kg) groups(all P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed significant decreases in the expression levels of VEGF, Eph A2 and MMP-2 protein in GSPs(100 mg/kg) and GSPs(200 mg/kg) groups when compared with control group(all P < 0.001). Conclusion: This is the first report providing evidence that GSPs inhibit the VM structure by regulation of the VEGF/Eph A2/MMPs signaling pathway. Therefore, we concluded that GSPs has the potential of being a clinical anti-VM inhibitor.

A review:anticancer activity of grape seed proanthocyanidins

For years,a great deal of work has been carried out on proanthocyanidins extracted from various kinds of plants,of which grape seed proanthocyanidins(GSPs)attract most attention due to their benefi cial roles in human health.Indeed,GSPs have demonstrated substantial health benefi ts for a variety of disorders such as cancer,atherosclerosis,and cardiovascular diseases,to just name a few.In particular,GSPs inhibit cell proliferation,migration and invasion,and induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in various human cancers,including head and neck carcinoma,gastrointestinal tumors,lung cancer,skin tumors,and reproductive tumors,which points them to be promising chemo-preventive and/or chemotherapeutic agents.In this setting,we summarized the eff ects of GSPs against various types of cancer with a focus on the detailed molecular mechanisms involving various signaling pathways of tumor cells,which may serve as a basis for development of improved chemo-preventive or therapeutic strategies for cancer.

GSPE通过Nrf2信号通路拮抗砷所致的小鼠肝脏氧化损伤

目的探讨葡萄籽原花青素提取物(grape seed proanthocyanidins extract,GSPE)能否通过Nrf2信号通路拮抗砷所致的小鼠肝脏氧化损伤,为GSPE对抗砷的氧化损伤作用提供理论依据。方法以昆明种小鼠为研究对象,根据As 2O 3(0、4 mg/kg)和GSPE(0、400 mg/kg)的剂量,采用2×2析因设计方差分析,按照体质量分层,随机分为对照组、As 2O 3组、GSPE组和As 2O 3组+GSPE组,使用析因设计分析As 2O 3和GSPE的交互作用和As 2O 3、GSPE的单独效应。采用试剂盒标准的测量方法测量MDA、GSH、ROS、GSH-Px、SOD、CAT、LPO、-SH和T-AOC表达;Western blotting检测Nrf2蛋白的表达;qRT-PCR检测Nrf2 mRNA的表达水平。结果As 2O 3组中,小鼠的体质量有所下降,肝脏重量和脏器系数增加;GSPE可以对抗这一结果;As 2O 3可以增加MDA、ROS、LPO、Nrf2蛋白和mRNA的表达,减少GSH、GSH-Px、SOD、CAT、-SH和T-AOC的表达;在经过GSPE拮抗As 2O 3的作用之后,同组相比,MDA、ROS、LPO、Nrf2蛋白和mRNA的表达减少,而GSH、GSH-Px、SOD、CAT、-SH和T-AOC的表达增加(P均<0.05)。结论GSPE可能通过Nrf2信号通路及相关氧化应激因子拮抗砷所致的小鼠肝脏氧化损伤。

葡萄籽原花青素提取物对心肌梗死大鼠肾素-血管紧张素系统及AQP2蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨葡萄籽原花青素提取物(GSPE)对心肌梗死大鼠肾素血管紧张素-系统及水通道蛋白2(AQP2)表达的影响。方法:将55只无特定病原体(SPF)级Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠按照随机数字表法分为健康组、模型组、辛伐他汀组、GSPE低剂量组及GSPE高剂量组,每组11只。除健康组外其余大鼠均采用冠状动脉结扎法制备心肌梗死模型,建模成功后,GSPE低剂量组、高剂量组大鼠分别灌胃100 mg/kg、400 mg/kg葡萄籽原花青素溶液,辛伐他汀组灌胃40 mg辛伐他汀溶液。苏木精-伊红(HE)染色后观察心肌组织形态;末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的原位缺口末端转移酶标记法(TUNEL)检测心肌细胞凋亡;超声心动图监测心功能;放射免疫法检测血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血浆肾素活性(PRA)、醛固酮水平;免疫印迹法检测心肌组织中AQP2、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病2号基因(Bcl-2)及半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)蛋白水平。结果:与健康组比较,模型组大鼠左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)升高,左心室射血分数(LVEF)和左心室短轴缩短分数(LVFS)降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组及辛伐他汀组LVEDD、LVESD降低,LVEF、LVFS升高(P<0.05),GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组间比较差异有统计学意义,而GSPE高剂量组与辛伐他汀组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与健康组比较,模型组大鼠AngⅡ、PRA、醛固酮升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组及辛伐他汀组AngⅡ、PRA、醛固酮降低(P<0.05)。健康组、模型组、GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组及辛伐他汀组的心肌细胞凋亡率分别为(5.11±0.33)%、(46.22±3.97)%、(28.46±3.77)%、(15.42±2.33)%及(16.34±2.57)%,各组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与健康组比较,模型组大鼠心肌组织中AQP2、Caspase-3蛋白水平升高,Bcl-2蛋白水平降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,GSPE低剂量组、GSPE高剂量组、辛代他汀组大鼠心肌组织中AQP2、Caspase-3蛋白水平降低,Bcl-2蛋白水平升高(P<0.05)。结论:GSPE对心肌梗死有保护作用,可改善心功能水平,减少心肌细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与调控AQP2蛋白表达有关。

3种多酚对腐败希瓦氏菌的抑菌效果和机理

为探讨葡萄籽提取物(grape seed extract,GSE)、莲房原花青素(lotus seed proanthocyanidins,LSPC)和莲藕多酚提取物(lotus root polyphenol extract,LRPE)3种植物多酚对腐败希瓦氏菌(Shewanella putrefaciens)的抑菌机理。通过最小抑菌质量浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)、生长曲线探究3种多酚对腐败希瓦氏菌的抑菌效果,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察、相对电导率测定、碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)染色观察及碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)活力、胞外蛋白含量、核酸泄漏、Na^(+)K^(+)-ATP酶活性及膜蛋白荧光等测定,探讨3种多酚的抑菌机理。结果表明:GSE、LRPE、LSPC对腐败希瓦氏菌的MIC分别为31.25、62.25、125.00μg/mL;菌体经3种植物多酚处理后,膜蛋白位置发生改变,荧光强度降低,菌体形态发生改变,表面出现凹陷皱缩,且生长明显被抑制,胞外AKP活力、菌悬液中核酸、胞外蛋白含量、相对电导率及PI摄入量显著增加,Na^(+)K^(+)-ATP酶发生一定程度地失活,导致细胞死亡。

基于转录组测序分析葡萄籽原花青素对HepG2细胞基因及其相关功能的影响

目的:基于转录组测序分析葡萄籽原花青素对HepG2细胞基因及相关功能的影响,明确原花青素处理HepG2细胞的关键基因及代谢通路。方法:通过转录组测序,筛选差异基因,基因功能注释和KEGG通路的富集分析,进行葡萄籽原花青素处理细胞后的转录组学研究。结果:葡萄籽花青素处理HepG2细胞后主要富集到的生物学过程为细胞过程、代谢过程、生物调控过程、免疫系统过程、繁殖调节、生长调节。细胞凋亡的12个关键差异基因与TNF、p53、MAPK、PI3K-Akt、NF-κB信号通路密切相关。结论:细胞凋亡与TNF信号通路、p53信号传导途径、PI3K/Akt信号通路、NF-κB信号通路、MAPK信号通路密切相关。

葡萄籽原花青素和苹果酸对面包抗老化的影响及机制分析

面包在贮藏过程中因老化会出现硬度变大、水分流失、粗糙掉屑等问题,该研究以葡萄籽原花青素(grape seed proanthocyanidins,GSP)和苹果酸(malic acid,MA)为主要原料,研究二者协同对面包抗老化的影响。采用快速黏度仪(rapid visco analyzer,RVA)测定了面粉的糊化特性,对贮藏期间面包水分含量、硬度、水分分布的变化进行了测定,利用RVA、差示扫描量热仪(differential scanning calorimeter,DSC)和X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometer,XRD)对贮藏期间淀粉的回生进行了研究。结果表明,GSP和MA降低了贮藏期间面包水分含量的下降速率,在0.3%(质量分数,下同)GSP中复配0.1%MA、0.3%MA和0.5%MA的面包硬度相对于0.3%GSP面包分别降低了9.34%、10.49%、8.04%。面包贮藏5 d的DSC和XRD数据表明GSP和MA的添加显著降低了淀粉的回生焓值和结晶度,在0.3%GSP中复配0.1%MA、0.3%MA、0.5%MA制作的面包其结晶度相较于0.3%GSP分别下降了33.54%、36.08%和34.18%。综上所述,GSP和MA对延缓面包的老化起到协同作用。

葡萄籽原花青素对小麦面团流变特性及面条品质的影响

为扩大小麦粉的应用范围和改善面条品质,本研究在小麦粉中添加0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%(w/w)的葡萄籽原花青素(GSP),测定了面团的流变特性、水分分布、质构特性,以及面条的蒸煮特性、消化特性和感官特性,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了添加原花青素后面条的微观结构,分析了原花青素对小麦面筋蛋白结构特性的影响。结果表明,随原花青素添加量(0~0.75%,w/w)的增大,面团的弹性模量(G')和粘性模量(G")(G'>G")、硬度、弹性、粘附性上升,最大拉伸阻力和拉伸距离分别增大了7.22 g和11.16 mm,面团的流变特性和质构特性有所改善;横向弛豫时间T2左移,自由水含量下降,说明面团的持水性增强。面条的耐煮性提高,水解率与血糖生成指数(GI)明显下降,从未添加GSP时的68.45降低到61.73(添加量为1.00%);在GSP添加量为0.75%时面筋蛋白中二硫键含量最高,游离巯基含量最低,感官评分最高,面条具有软弹、劲道、口感爽滑的特点。综上,GSP可以通过改善面筋蛋白网络结构和降低面条的GI值,提高产品食用品质,可作为一种潜在的天然面粉改良剂。

葡萄籽原花青素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

文章旨在研究葡萄籽原花青素(GSPs)对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。试验将480只体重相近、健康的1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸭。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他各组分别在基础日粮中添加50、75和100 mg/kg的葡萄籽原花青素。结果显示,(1)在平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)方面,与对照组相比,75 GSPs组、100 GSPs组樱桃谷肉鸭均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,添加75 mg/kg GSPs樱桃谷肉鸭血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,添加不同含量GSPs各组血清过氧化物酶(CAT)和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著提升(P<0.05),75 GSPs组和100 GSPs组的谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)和血清超氧化歧化酶(SOD)均显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,在樱桃谷肉鸭日粮中添加葡萄籽原花青素可提高樱桃谷肉鸭的ADG,增强免疫功能,改善抗氧化能力,日粮中葡萄籽原花青素添加量75 mg/kg效果较好。

葡萄籽原花青素调控Nrf2/HO-1通路减弱多柔比星诱导的心脏毒性

目的:观察葡萄籽原花青素对多柔比星(DOX)诱导的心脏毒性以及核因子E2相关基因(Nrf2)/血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)通路的作用。方法:通过DOX构建小鼠急性心脏毒性模型,本实验分为对照组(正常小鼠)、葡萄籽原花青素组、DOX组、DOX+葡萄籽原花青素组、DOX+葡萄籽原花青素+ML385组。超声心动图检查小鼠心功能;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察小鼠心肌病理改变;原位末端标记测定法(TUNEL)检测小鼠心肌细胞凋亡情况;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平;试剂盒检测心肌组织中活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平;蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western Blot)测定Nrf2/HO-1通路蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,DOX组小鼠心肌损伤加重,左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD),血清CK-MB、IL-6、IL-1β水平及心肌组织ROS、MDA及心肌细胞凋亡率升高(P<0.05),射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短分数(FS)、心肌组织SOD、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白水平降低(P<0.05);葡萄籽原花青素组小鼠心肌损伤,LVESD、LVEDD、EF、FS水平,血清CK-MB、IL-6、IL-1β水平,心肌组织ROS、MDA、SOD、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白,心肌细胞凋亡率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与DOX组比较,DOX+葡萄籽原花青组小鼠心肌损伤减轻,LVESD、LVEDD降低,血清CK-MB、IL-6、IL-1β水平降低,心肌组织ROS、MDA、心肌细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05),EF、FS及心肌组织SOD、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);与DOX+葡萄籽原花青素组比较,DOX+葡萄籽原花青素+ML385组小鼠心肌损伤加重,LVESD、LVEDD及血清CK-MB、IL-6、IL-1β水平、心肌组织ROS、MDA、心肌细胞凋亡率升高(P<0.05),EF、FS、心肌组织SOD、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。结论:葡萄籽原花青素可能通过激活Nrf2/HO-1通路,对DOX诱导的心脏毒性小鼠发挥保护作用。

葡萄籽原花青素-糯米淀粉复合物性质的结构基础

为改善糯米淀粉的性质,以糯米淀粉为原料,添加不同比例的葡萄籽原花青素,制备成葡萄籽原花青素-糯米淀粉复合物,并对其性质和结构进行分析。结果表明,随着葡萄籽原花青素比例的递增(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%),复合物的溶解度增加了12.68%,膨胀度提高了20.11%;透明度逐渐降低;析水率降低了27.24%;X射线衍射显示出复合物经糊化后晶体结构被破坏;傅里叶红外光谱显示3 500-3 100 cm-1峰宽增加和约1 700 cm-1羟基弯曲振动波数发生位移;葡萄籽原花青素的添加改善了糯米的性质和结构特征。

自噬在葡萄籽原花青素改善氟致SH-SY5Y细胞毒性中的作用

目的探究自噬过程在葡萄籽原花青素提取物(GSPE)缓解氟致人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞毒性中的作用。方法用氟化钠(60 mg/L)处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h构建氟染毒细胞模型,随机分为对照组、氟化钠组、氟化钠+低剂量GSPE组、氟化钠+中剂量GSPE组、氟化钠+高剂量GSPE组;采用细胞计数试剂-8法(CCK-8法)检测各组细胞活力值变化;采用Hoechst33342染色分析各组细胞凋亡水平变化;采用免疫荧光方法分析各组细胞LC3表达情况;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测cleaved-caspase 3、cleaved-PARP、LC3、p62等蛋白表达情况。随后纳入雷帕霉素重新分组,检测各组cleaved-PARP、LC3、p62等蛋白表达情况,并采用Hoechst33342染色分析各组细胞凋亡水平变化。结果与对照组比较,氟化钠组SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡水平显著提高(P<0.05),经GSPE干预后细胞活力上升且细胞自噬水平上升(P<0.05)。与氟化钠组比较,雷帕霉素干预可以有效抑制细胞凋亡,且雷帕霉素与原花青素联合后细胞自噬水平进一步提升(P<0.05)。结论GSPE能够抑制氟化钠诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,其作用可能与激活自噬有关。

葡萄籽原花青素的生物学功能及其在畜禽养殖中的应用研究进展

葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)是从葡萄籽中提取的多酚类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗应激、调节免疫力、调节肠道菌群等生物学功能,目前在畜禽养殖中也有一定的应用。本文通过对GSP的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究现状进行综述,以期为GSP在畜禽养殖中进一步研究和开发提供理论参考。