Lithium Storage Property of Graphite/AlCuFe Quasicrystal Composites

Quasicrystals have long-range quasi-periodic translational ordering and non-crystallographic rotational symmetry.Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals have great potential for lithium storage because of their high Al content and a large number of defects in the structure.In our previous study(J.Alloys Compd.805(2019)942)we showed that Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals have good initial capacity whereas its cycle stability is poor.In the present study,graphite/AlCuFe is prepared by the mechanical alloying method.The results show that graphite/AlCuFe quasicrystal composites are successfully synthesized by planetary ball milling at 550 rpm for 80 h.The quasicrystal particle size decreases and the amorphous graphite forms onion-like carbon(OLC)when the two phases mix evenly.OLC forms on the surface of the Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline powder.Charge and discharge tests show that graphite/AlCuFe quasicrystal composites have high-stability capacity of 480 mAh/g after 20 cycles,which is larger than the sum of capacities of graphite and Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals.

GRAPES模式不同云物理方案对短期气候模拟的影响

在胡志晋、刘奇俊云物理方案的基础上,研制了GRAPES模式的云降水显式方案。用不同云物理方案开展了短期气候(月尺度)过程的模拟试验,并与地面观测资料和NECP再分析资料进行了对比分析。模拟的结果表明,耦合了云降水显式方案的GRAPES模式较好地模拟出了中国地区降水、温度、云量、长短波辐射的特点和分布规律。气候模拟中冰相过程和暖云过程模拟的降水、温度、云量和辐射差异较大,不同相态的水凝物及其分布对辐射特征有较大的影响,混合相云物理方案的模拟结果与实况更为吻合,应使用混合相云物理方案进行短期气候的模拟。

Graphene-loaded nickel−vanadium bimetal oxides as hydrogen pumps to boost solid-state hydrogen storage kinetic performance of magnesium hydride

To modify the thermodynamics and kinetic performance of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))for solid-state hydrogen storage,Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO(rGO represents reduced graphene oxide)and Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal and subsequent heat treatment.The beginning hydrogen desorption temperature of 7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO modified MgH_(2)was reduced to 208°C,while the additive-free MgH_(2)and 7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)doped MgH_(2)appeared to discharge hydrogen at 340 and 226°C,respectively.A charging capacity of about 4.7 wt.%H_(2)for MgH_(2)+7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO was achieved at 125°C in 10 min,while the dehydrogenated MgH_(2)took 60 min to absorb only 4.6 wt.%H_(2)at 215°C.The microstructure analysis confirmed that the in-situ generated Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)NiH4 and metallic V contributed significantly to the enhanced performance of MgH_(2).In addition,the presence of rGO in the MgH_(2)+7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO composite reduced particle aggregation tendency of Mg/MgH_(2),leading to improving the cyclic stability of MgH_(2)during 20 cycles.

M_(4)X_(3) MXenes:Application in Energy Storage Devices

MXene has garnered widespread recognition in the scientific com-munity due to its remarkable properties,including excellent thermal stability,high conductivity,good hydrophilicity and dispersibility,easy processability,tunable surface properties,and admirable flexibility.MXenes have been categorized into different families based on the number of M and X layers in M_(n+1)X_(n),such as M_(2)X,M_(3)X_(2),M_(4)X_(3),and,recently,M_(5)X_(4).Among these families,M_(2)X and M_(3)X_(2),par-ticularly Ti_(3)C_(2),have been greatly explored while limited studies have been given to M_(5)X_(4)MXene synthesis.Meanwhile,studies on the M_(4)X_(3)MXene family have developed recently,hence,demanding a compilation of evaluated studies.Herein,this review provides a systematic overview of the latest advancements in M_(4)X_(3)MXenes,focusing on their properties and applications in energy storage devices.The objective of this review is to provide guidance to researchers on fostering M_(4)X_(3)MXene-based nanomaterials,not only for energy storage devices but also for broader applications.

Measurement of Thermophysical Property of Energy Storage System (CaCl₂&#46NH₃System)

In order to measure the thermophysical properties of ammoniated salt (CaCl2.mNH3: m = 4, 8) as an energy storage system utilizing natural resources, the measurement unit was developed, and the thermophysical properties (effective thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity) of CaCl2.mNH3 and CaCl2.mNH3 with heat transfer media (Ti: titanium) were measured by the any heating method. The effective thermal conductivities of CaCl2.4NH3 + Ti and CaCl2.8NH3 + Ti were 0.14 - 0.17 and 0.18 - 0.20 W/(m.K) in the measuring temperature range of 290 - 350 K, respectively, and these values were approximately 1.5 - 2.2 times larger than those of CaCl2.4NH3 and CaCl2.8NH3. The effective thermal diffusivities were 0.22 - 0.24 × 10-6 and 0.18 - 0.19 × 10-6 m2/sin the measuring temperature range of 290 - 350 K, respectively, and these values were approximately 1.3 - 1.5 times larger than those of CaCl2.4NH3 and CaCl2.8NH3. The obtained results show that the thermophysical properties have a dependence on the bulk densities and specific heats of CaCl2.mNH3 and CaCl2.mNH3 + Ti. It reveals that the thermophysical properties in this measurement would be the valuable design factors to develop energy and H2 storage systems utilizing natural resources such as solar energy.

A Bilayer High-Temperature Dielectric Film with Superior Breakdown Strength and Energy Storage Density

The further electrification of various fields in production and daily life makes it a topic worthy of exploration to improve the performance of capacitors for a long time,including thin-film capacitors.The discharge energy density of thin-film capacitors that serves as one of the important types directly depends on electric field strength and the dielectric constant of the insulation material.However,it has long been a great challenge to improve the breakdown strength and dielectric constant simultaneously.Considering that boron nitride nanosheets(BNNS)possess superior insulation and thermal conductivity owing to wide band gap and 2-dimensional structure,a bilayer polymer film is prepared via coating BNNS by solution casting on surface of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)films.By revealing the bandgap and insulating behavior with UV absorption spectrum,leakage current,and finite element calculation,it is manifested that nanocoating contributes to enhance the bandgap of polymer films,thereby suppressing the charge injection by redirecting their transport from electrodes.Worthy to note that an ultrahigh breakdown field strength(~736 MV m^(−1)),an excellent discharge energy density(~8.77 J cm^(−3))and a prominent charge-discharge efficiency(~96.51%)are achieved concurrently,which is ascribed to the contribution of BNNS ultrathin layer.In addition,the modified PET films also have superior comprehensive performance at high temperatures(~120°C).The materials and methods here selected are easily accessible and facile,which are suitable for large-scale roll-to-roll process production,and are of certain significance to explore the methods about film modification suitable for commercial promotion.

Intellectual Property Protection and High-quality Development of Grape Industrial Clusters in Xinjiang

This paper introduced the grape industry in Xinjiang and its agricultural intellectual property resources,and analyzed six major problems such as the ineffective leading role of intellectual property rights in high-quality development.Finally,it proposed eight strategies to build a national-level regional fine-grain breeding base for grapes and develop“agricultural chips”in the context of the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property and innovation-driven development strategy.

Preparation and Thermal Shock Resistance of Mullite Ceramics for High Temperature Solar Thermal Storage

Mullite thermal storage ceramics were prepared by low-cost calcined bauxite and kaolin.The phase composition,microstructure,high temperature resistance and thermophysical properties were characterized by modern testing techniques.The experimental results indicate that sample A3(bauxite/kaolin ratio of 5:5)sintered at 1620℃has the optimum comprehensive properties,with bulk density of 2.83 g·cm^(-3)and bending strength of 155.44 MPa.After 30 thermal shocks(1000℃-room temperature,air cooling),the bending strength of sample A3 increases to 166.15 MPa with an enhancement rate of 6.89%,the corresponding thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are 3.54 W·(m·K)^(-1)and 1.39 kJ·(kg·K)^(-1)at 800℃,and the thermal storage density is 1096 kJ·kg^(-1)(25-800 mullite ceramics;sintering properties;high-temperature thermal storage;thermal shock resistance).Mullite forms a dense and continuous interlaced network microstructure,which endows the samples high thermal storage density and high bending strength,but the decrease of bauxite/kaolin ratio leads to the decrease of mullite content,which reduces the properties of the samples.

Calcium looping heat storage performance and mechanical property of CaO-based pellets under fluidization

The CaO-based pellets were fabricated using extrusion-spheronization method for calcium looping thermochemical heat storage under the fluidization.The effects of adhesive,biomass-based pore-forming agent,binder and particle size on the heat storage performance and mechanical property of the CaObased pellets were investigated in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor.The addition of 2%(mass)polyvinylpyrrolidone as an adhesive not only helps granulate,but also improves the heat storage capacity of the pellets.All biomass-templated CaO-based pellets display higher heat storage capacity than biomass-free pellets,indicating that the biomass-based pore-forming agent is beneficial for heat storage under the fluidization.Especially,bagasse-templated pellets show the highest heat storage conversion of 0.61 after 10 cycles.Moreover,Al_(2)O_(3)as a binder for the pellets helps obtain high mechanical strength.The CaO-based pellets doped with 10%(mass)bagasse and 5%(mass)Al_(2)O_(3)reach the highest heat storage density of 1621 kJ·kg^(-1) after 30 cycles and the highest crushing strength of 4.98 N.The microstructure of the bagasse-templated pellets appears more porous than that of biomass-free pellets.The bagassetemplated CaO-based pellets doped with Al_(2)O_(3)seem promising for thermochemical heat storage under the fluidization,owing to the enhanced heat storage capacity,excellent mechanical strength,and simplicity of the synthesis procedure.

Effects of CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas on components and properties of tight oil during CO_(2) utilization and storage: Physical experiment and composition numerical simulation

An essential technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) for tight oil reservoirs is CO_(2) huff-puff followed by associated produced gas reinjection. In this paper, the effects of multi-component gas on the properties and components of tight oil are studied. First, the core displacement experiments using the CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas are conducted to determine the oil displacement efficiency under different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. Then, a viscometer and a liquid density balance are used to investigate the change characteristics of oil viscosity and density after multi-component gas displacement with different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. In addition, a laboratory scale numerical model is established to validate the experimental results. Finally, a composition model of multi-stage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir considering nano-confinement effects is established to investigate the effects of multi-component gas on the components of produced dead oil and formation crude oil. The experimental results show that the oil displacement efficiency of multi-component gas displacement is greater than that of single-component gas displacement. The CH_(4) decreases the viscosity and density of light oil, while CO_(2) decreases the viscosity but increases the density. And the numerical simulation results show that CO_(2) extracts more heavy components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase, while CH_(4) extracts more light components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase during cyclic gas injection. The multi-component gas can extract both the light components and the heavy components from oil, and the balanced production of each component can be achieved by using multi-component gas huff-puff.

Preparation of ZrMn_2 hydrogen storage alloy by electro-deoxidation in molten calcium chloride

ZrMn2 alloy was electro-synthesized directly from cathode pellets compacted with powdered mixture of MnO2 and ZrO2 in molten calcium chloride. Sintering temperature, cell voltage and electrolysis time were the dominant factors that affected the characteristics of the final product. The results confirmed the formation of pure ZrMn2 alloy through the electro-deoxidation of the mixed oxide pellets at 3.1 V for 12 h in 900 °C CaCl2 melt. The X-ray diffraction（XRD） and cyclic voltammetry analysis suggested that the electro-deoxidation proceeded from the reduction of manganese oxides to Mn, followed by ZrO2 or CaZrO3 reduction on the pre-formed Mn to ZrMn2 alloy. The cyclic voltammetry measurements using powder microelectrode showed that the prepared ZrMn2 alloy has a good electrochemical hydrogen storage property.

魔芋果蔬健康代餐粉的功能特性

研究了不同杀菌条件对自制代餐粉功能特性及产品品质的影响,紫外冷杀菌可以最大限度地保留代餐粉原来的功能特性,但是杀菌效率不高;而射频杀菌既可以保留功能性成分又可以取得良好的杀菌效果。将自制代餐粉与市售代餐粉进行对比,结果表明自制代餐粉总酚质量分数及抗氧化活性均高于市售代餐粉,且自制代餐粉的风味滋味均优于市售代餐粉。为研究自制代餐粉的贮藏稳定性,对自制代餐粉进行了3个月的贮藏实验。结果表明,自制代餐粉在90 d的贮藏期内功能特性、微生物指标均在标准范围内。为了延长代餐粉的保质期,应尽可能将代餐粉置于干燥、阴凉处贮藏。

含有氮化硼势垒层的三明治结构聚合物基复合介质储能特性研究

聚合物基高温储能介质因其较高的功率密度及优异的充放电效率被广泛应用在电气和电子等领域。该文选用不同粒径的氮化硼纳米片(BNNSs)作为填料,掺杂到聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)中构建势垒层,添加在纯PEI两侧制备拥有三明治结构的复合薄膜,探究粒径大小在不同温度/填充体积分数下对复合薄膜的介电性能及储能性能的影响。研究发现,构建BNNSs势垒层的三明治结构复合薄膜显著抑制了介质的高温电导,提高了充放电效率,且较小粒径BNNSs填充势垒层能更有效地提高击穿场强和储能密度,其中掺杂200 nm粒径BNNSs体积分数为5%的复合薄膜在常温下的储能密度可达5.65J/cm^(3),充放电效率高达96%,即使在150℃下,储能密度和充放电效率也可分别达到2.52 J/cm^(3)和95%。通过随机击穿模型阐明了粒径大小及三明治势垒层结构对击穿性能的提升机制。该文提出的含有势垒层的三明治复合结构为高温下复合薄膜储能特性优化提供了新的策略。

复合膜对草莓3D打印产品保鲜效果的影响

为研究复合膜对草莓3D打印产品保鲜效果的影响,使用3种化合物(氯化钙、葡萄籽提取物和壳聚糖)作为保鲜剂,设置不同的添加量分别对草莓3D打印产品进行覆膜处理。结果显示,草莓3D打印产品在氯化钙浓度为0.5%、葡萄籽提取物浓度为0.5%、壳聚糖浓度为1.5%时保鲜效果最好。此条件下贮藏11 d,产品腐烂速率最慢,腐烂指数为17.5%;失水性最低,失重率为2.96%、硬度为1.89 N;总酚含量及抗氧化能力保留的最好,总酚含量为0.56 mg/g、DPPH自由基清除率为48.64%、ABTS+自由基清除率为39.06%。综上,说明复合膜对于延长草莓3D打印产品的货架期有积极作用。

CO_(2)−荷载耦合作用下煤体细观统计损伤本构模型及验证

CO_(2)吸附会对煤体产生损伤劣化作用进而降低其稳定性,对CO_(2)封存的长期安全性提出挑战,明确CO_(2)劣化作用并建立本构模型至关重要。采用损伤力学理论和统计理论推导出能够综合反映CO_(2)吸附和荷载耦合作用下煤体总损伤变量的计算公式,并重点考虑了压密段的影响,分段建立了CO_(2)作用下煤体的细观统计损伤本构方程,明确了模型各参数的确定方法。最后通过CT扫描实验系统、MTS 816实验系统确定了本构模型参数,并采用自主研制的气−固耦合实验系统对不同CO_(2)压力下煤体进行了单轴压缩实验,验证了模型的合理性。研究结果表明:①基于CT扫描获取的裂隙率和运用Weibull分布理论分别定义了吸附和受载作用下的损伤变量,结合损伤理论进一步得到二者耦合作用下的总损伤变量,并建立了细观统计损伤本构模型;②基于CT扫描技术的裂隙三维重构真实反映了CO_(2)作用前后裂隙扩展特征,CO_(2)压力越高,裂隙扩展越充分,煤样三维裂隙参数和损伤变量越大,所形成的空间裂隙网络越复杂;③CO_(2)对煤体力学性质劣化作用显著,煤体的抗压强度与弹性模量随CO_(2)压力增加分别降低了49.78%和22.63%,CO_(2)对煤体的溶胀效应、塑化效应和气楔效应的综合作用导致了力学参数的降低;④建立的CO_(2)作用下煤体细观统计损伤模型理论曲线与单轴实验曲线具有较高的吻合度,说明损伤本构模型能够较好地反映出CO_(2)对煤体力学特性的损伤劣化作用,体现了损伤本构模型及模型参数确定方法的合理性与适用性。

兰炭灰固碳对复合相变储热材料性能的影响

为推动“双碳”战略,促进工业固废兰炭灰的低成本消纳,开发新型绿色低碳复合材料,提出在已有的兰炭灰/硝酸钠复合相变储热材料基础上,利用兰炭灰进行碳捕捉。对固碳前、后兰炭灰及复合相变储热材料的性能进行研究。结果表明:兰炭灰碳捕集的最佳条件为气体组分20%CO_(2)/80%N_(2)、通气时间40 min、加热温度650℃;在最佳实验条件下,兰炭灰的固碳率达到29.27%,所制得的复合相变储热材料固碳兰炭灰/NaNO_(3)的最佳质量比为5:5,在100~380℃储热密度达到288.65 J/g,拥有更好的机械性能、热稳定性及化学相容性。固碳兰炭灰作为骨架材料制备复合相变储热材料具有较好的可行性,为工业固废兰炭灰的资源化利用和碳排放处理提供了新的途径。

硅藻土基定形相变材料的制备及应用进展

硅藻土是硅藻植物经过漫长的沉积成岩而形成的一种非金属矿物。硅藻土具有丰富微孔、耐高温、耐腐蚀性、价格低廉和资源丰富等优点,作为一种良好的吸附载体材料而受到广泛关注。介绍了硅藻土的结构特点并归纳了硅藻土常见的几种改性方法,综述了硅藻土基定形相变材料的种类及制备方法,总结了该材料在建筑领域的应用进展,分析了现阶段硅藻土基定形相变材料研究中存在的问题,并提出未来工作中需要关注的重点,以期为其规模化推广应用提供参考。

聚乙二醇@聚乙烯醇同轴相变纤维的储热特性

以具有高相变焓的聚乙二醇(PEG 4000)为核层相变材料(PCM)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为壳层支撑材料、绿色溶剂水为壳层和核层材料溶剂,通过同轴静电纺丝制备出不同核层纺丝液浓度、进液速度的核-壳相变纤维。扫描电镜和透射电镜照片显示,在PEG质量分数为45%、进液速度为0.06 mL/h时,PEG@PVA具有良好的形貌及较高含量的PEG,相变纤维核壳分界面明显。红外光谱分析显示,PEG与PVA化学相容性良好;差示扫描量热分析和热重分析表明,PEG@PVA熔融温度为62.8℃,熔融焓为86.40 J/g,封装效率为42.2%,并且相变纤维膜起始热分解温度较高,在经过500次热循环实验后,熔融焓约损失3.1%,仍能保持绝大部分相变能力;导热测试表明,PEG@PVA膜的热导率介于壳层PVA与核层PEG之间;模拟PEG@PVA膜在工作环境中的温度变化得到温度-时间曲线,结果表明,相变纤维膜可以有效地调节微环境的温度。

有机肥施用量对酿酒葡萄品质形成关键时期需水量的影响研究

对不同有机肥施用量条件下酿酒葡萄品质形成关键时期需水量进行分析,探讨有机肥施用量与水分需求的关系,为制定科学高效的酿酒葡萄供水策略提供理论支撑。研究表明,有机肥适量配施有助于提升酿酒葡萄土壤贮水保墒性能,液体纳米有机肥对于土壤表层(0~20 cm)的含水率增加明显,T2、T3处理果实膨大期与转色期增加最为明显,相较于CK分别增加了70.77%、28.60%;不同土层土壤总贮水量,T1处理在果实膨大期具有较好的土壤贮水性能,T2处理在果实转色期土壤总贮水量较为丰富,相较于CK,分别增加14.85%与52.19%。通过Penman-Monteith公式和田间水量平衡法计算分析,T1处理酿酒葡萄果实膨大期与T2处理果实转色期均存在进一步节水的潜力。

表层蜡质结构及去蜡处理对李果实贮藏性的影响

【目的】蜡质是植物表层重要的防御和保护层,探究不同李品种果实表层蜡质结构的差异及蜡质的去留对果实贮藏性的影响。【方法】选择福建主栽的两个李品种芙蓉李及油?为试验材料,通过扫描电镜观察成熟果实表层蜡质结构的差异,设置4℃、25℃两个贮藏温度,试验保留蜡质和去蜡处理对果实贮藏性的影响。【结果】两种李的果皮蜡质结构均以直立片状晶体和颗粒状晶体为主,其中芙蓉李的直立片状晶体更厚,而油?的直立片状晶体边缘更规则、颗粒状晶体排列更紧密。芙蓉李和油?在4℃下贮藏35d,在25℃下分别贮藏12 d、21 d,果皮的去蜡处理对两种李果实贮藏时的腐烂率、失重率、硬度以及果肉的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量均有显著影响,去蜡处理加速了果实腐烂率、失重率的上升和硬度的下降,且在芙蓉李中的变幅更大、25℃贮藏时表现更突出。去蜡处理降低了芙蓉李贮藏中后期可溶性固形物含量的增加速度,促进了可滴定酸含量的下降速度;去蜡处理的油?在4℃贮藏中后期的可溶性固形物含量也低于保留蜡质处理、而可滴定酸含量高于保留蜡质处理(35 d除外)。【结论】果皮蜡质的存在有助于保持李果实的品质,且不同品种的蜡质结构差异对贮藏性有影响。这些发现可为李果实贮藏保鲜技术的开发提供参考。