Discrimination among grapevine varieties based on quantitative traits,such as flowering,veraison and ripening dates is crucial for variety selection in the context of climate change and in breeding programs.These trai...Discrimination among grapevine varieties based on quantitative traits,such as flowering,veraison and ripening dates is crucial for variety selection in the context of climate change and in breeding programs.These traits are under complex genetic control for which 6 linked SSR loci(VVS2,VVIn16,VMC7G3,VrZAG29,VMC5G7,and VVIB23)have been identified.Using these markers in HRM-PCR analysis,we assessed genetic diversity among a large collection of 192 grapevine varieties.The grapevine germplasm used encompasses the majority of Greek vineyard with 181 varieties,3 prominent foreign varieties and 11 varieties of Palestinian origin.The SSR markers used were highly polymorphic,displaying unique melting curves for unusually higher number of samples than generally observed in SSR analysis.This prompted us to examine sequence composition for selected samples and found that variation present as SNPs in the flanking sequences of SSR motifs was responsible for the observed polymorphism.Hence,HRM-PCR proved to be a tool of higher analytical power to distinguish genotypes surpassing the discrimination power of conventional gel-based SSR analysis.The study provides a better understanding of genetic variation of SSR marker loci associated to phenological traits in grapevine varieties,signifying an analytical methodology that may be of higher discrimination power in detection of polymorphism for utilization in breeding programs.展开更多
Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with ...Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.展开更多
In Brazil winemaking is expanding not only in the renewal of vineyards in traditional production areas, but also in the introduction of new crops in the newer winemaking regions. Promising characteristics were observe...In Brazil winemaking is expanding not only in the renewal of vineyards in traditional production areas, but also in the introduction of new crops in the newer winemaking regions. Promising characteristics were observed in the quality of the grapes and wines produced in altitude regions of Santa Catarina. The aim of this study is to characterize the geographic and climatic conditions which affect the phenology and vegetative growth of grapevine in S?o Joaquim, in the mountains region of Santa Catarina. The vineyards are located in areas with undulated and strongly undulated relief, predominantly in soils originating from basaltic rocks, in climate conditions classified as Cfb according to the K?ppen, as Region I according to Winkler classification. The phenological stage of the grapevines in the S?o Joaquim region begins later and lasts longer in comparison to other winegrowing regions in Brazil. Decrease in photoperiod and low temperatures (<10?C) were the determining factors for the induction of growth cessation of the shoots in S?o Joaquim. The geographic location in a lower latitude and its high altitude results in a distinct growing climate compared to the other winegrowing regions in Brazil.展开更多
Proline has been shown to accumulate in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Exogenous proline has thus been used for improving some plant cryopreservation protocols. Further enhancement of cryopreservat...Proline has been shown to accumulate in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Exogenous proline has thus been used for improving some plant cryopreservation protocols. Further enhancement of cryopreservation efficiency for in vitro grapevines could be expected if stresses linked to cryopreservation procedures could be reduced. We therefore studied the possible beneficial effect of proline in grapevine cryopreservation. Single-node explants from in vitro grown grapevine plantlets (Vitis vinifera L. cv Portan) were cultured on shooting media (half-strength MS + 1 μM BAP) containing no proline (control) or 50, 500, or 2000 μM filter-sterilized L-proline. Shoot tips excised from these microshoots were subjected to a PVS2-based droplet-vitrification procedure. Control and rewarmed explants were grown on a recovery medium containing 1 μM BAP. Shoot development on control medium and lower proline concentrations did not notably differ whereas the highest concentration of proline inhibited shoot development. Carry-over effects were observed since lower survival and regrowth were obtained both for non-frozen or LN-treated explants excised from micro-shoots obtained on the 2000 μM proline medium. No significant differences in survival and regrowth were observed for non-frozen explants subjected to pretreatment without LN exposure. A slightly enhancing effect (although non-significant) on post-cryopreservation survival was observed for explants derived from shoots developed on 50 or 500 μM proline, but no significant improvement of regrowth percentage was observed for these two conditions. Although a slight increase in survival could be observed, no significant beneficial effect of proline pretreatment on post-cryoconservation regrowth could be evidenced in our conditions. However, the 2-week period before explant excision could have allowed at least partial metabolism and catabolism of exogenous proline;the results observed could thus have been the consequence of complex interactions. Shorter proline treatments applied closer to the actual LN exposure step might produce different results and allow for clearer interpretation.展开更多
The aim of this work was to isolate and identify the yeasts prevalent in fresh grapes cultivated in the “São Francisco Valley” region (Brazil), as well as evaluating the cell growth of these indigenous ye...The aim of this work was to isolate and identify the yeasts prevalent in fresh grapes cultivated in the “São Francisco Valley” region (Brazil), as well as evaluating the cell growth of these indigenous yeasts during the fermentation of grape musts and their contribution to the improvement of wine aroma. The Chenin Blanc grape must fermented by H. opuntiae presented higher acceptance means at the three points analyzed (6.74, 6.78 and 7.30) and in the fermentation carried out by the yeasts H. opuntiae and S. cerevisiae, the highest mean acceptance (7.22) was observed after 120 hours, with no statistical difference from the sample fermented by H. opuntiae alone. Since these samples that showed higher acceptance means also receiving higher scores for purchasing intention, corresponding to the concepts of “definitely would buy” and “probably would buy”. The present study suggests that the fermentations of grape musts carried out by the yeast H. opuntiae and mixed cultures of H. opuntiae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, positively influenced the sensory qualities of the wines and showed greater potential to increase the aroma of the musts and to develop specific wine styles.展开更多
The liver is one of the most important organs in the body,performing a fundamental role in the regulationof diverse processes,among which the metabolism,secretion,storage,and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous...The liver is one of the most important organs in the body,performing a fundamental role in the regulationof diverse processes,among which the metabolism,secretion,storage,and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances are prominent.Due to these functions,hepatic diseases continue to be among the main threats to public health,and they remain problems throughout the world.Despite enormous advances in modern medicine,there are no completely effective drugs that stimulate hepatic function,that offer complete protection of the organ,or that help to regenerate hepatic cells.Thus,it is necessary to identify pharmaceutical alternatives for the treatment of liver diseases,with the aim of these alternatives being more effective and less toxic.The use of some plants and the consumption of different fruits have played basic roles in human health care,and diverse scientific investigations have indicated that,in those plants and fruits so identified,their beneficial effects can be attributed to the presence of chemical compounds that are called phytochemicals.The present review had as its objective the collecting of data based on research conducted into some fruits(grapefruit,cranberries,and grapes)and plants[cactus pear(nopal)and cactus pear fruit,chamomile,silymarin,and spirulina],which are consumed frequently by humans and which have demonstrated hepatoprotective capacity,as well as an analysis of a resin(propolis)and some phytochemicals extracted from fruits,plants,yeasts,and algae,which have been evaluated in different models of hepatotoxicity.展开更多
Non-embryogenic calli （NEC） was inevitably and heavily produced when grape embryogenic calli （EC） was induced from explants or during the subculture of EC.A stable and highly efficient NEC transformation platform ...Non-embryogenic calli （NEC） was inevitably and heavily produced when grape embryogenic calli （EC） was induced from explants or during the subculture of EC.A stable and highly efficient NEC transformation platform is required to further sort out and verify key genes which determine/switch the identity of NEC and EC.In this research,a vector pA5 containing a chitinase signal sequence fused to gfp （green fluorescent protein） and an HDEL motive was used to target and immobilize into Agrobacterium strain EHA105 to establish a transformation platform for Vitis vinifera L.cv.Chardonnay NEC.It was determined that NEC 10 d after subculture was the best target tissue;30 min for inoculation followed by 3 d co-cultivation with the addition of 200 μmol L-1 acetosyringone （AS） was optimized as protocol.The use of bacterial densities as 1.0 at OD600 did not result in serious tissue hypersensitive reaction and it had higher efficiency.Kanamycin at 200 mg L-1 was picked for positive expression selection.The stable transformation of NEC was proved by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques （RT-PCR） and fluorescent microscopy after three sub-cultures of the selected cell line.Highly efficient genetic transformation protocol of grape NEC was achieved and some of the optimized parameters were different from that reported for EC.This transformation platform could facilitate the verification of candidate somatic embryogenesis （SE） decisive genes,and the successfully transformed NEC with certain genes can also be used as bioreactors for the production of functional products,as NEC not only proliferates fast,but also keeps in a rather stable condition.展开更多
Spine grape(Vitis davidii Foex.)is an important wild grape species native to China.Fifteen red spine grape clones and three red Vitis vinifera grape varieties were used to evaluate the differences in the anthocyanin p...Spine grape(Vitis davidii Foex.)is an important wild grape species native to China.Fifteen red spine grape clones and three red Vitis vinifera grape varieties were used to evaluate the differences in the anthocyanin profiles and color properties of wines made from V.davidii and V.vinifera grapes.Among spine wines,‘Junzi#2’wine had the highest total phenolic and total anthocyanin,‘Xiangzhenzhu’wine had the highest total flavonoids,and‘Junzi#1’wine had the highest total tannin.The anthocyanin compositions of all of the spine wines were dominated by Mv-3,5-diglucoside.The total individual anthocyanin contents in spine wines,except‘Gaoshan#5’,‘Junzi#5055’,‘Junzi#5061’,and‘Junzi#5044’,were signifi cantly higher than in V.vinifera wines.Most of the spine wines had a stronger red intensity and a brighter chroma with a bluer hue than V.vinifera wines.Correlation analysis revealed that the color properties were closely related to the anthocyanin composition.These results suggest that wines made from spine grapes may be useful for the wine industry for their color properties and high individual anthocyanin contents.展开更多
Threatened abortion is a common problem in early pregnancy. This early vaginal bleeding happens in about 25% of pregnant women. The medications including progesterone, uterine muscle relaxant or human chorionic gonado...Threatened abortion is a common problem in early pregnancy. This early vaginal bleeding happens in about 25% of pregnant women. The medications including progesterone, uterine muscle relaxant or human chorionic gonadotropin have essential effects in developing pregnancy, but the clinical data are insufficient to prescribe them. In recent decades, medicinal herbs can help us to present new treatments. Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) can protect the fetus from the perspective of Persian medicine. So, we hypothesize about the salutary effects of grape in miscarriage prevention. We found five standard expected mechanisms of grape to prevent threatened abortion: immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-contraction, hormonal and anti-stress activities. Grape reduces nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, expression of nuclear factor κB and other pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL (Interleukin)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. It also elevates anti-inflammatory mediators and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Grape polyphenols have a crucial role in fetus protection with high antioxidant power and other functions such as prevention of stress-triggered abortion with proanthocyanidins, or hormonal effects and inhibition of uterine contractions with resveratrol. So according to these studies, grape probably has effects on the immune and endocrine factors involved in threatened miscarriage.展开更多
We examined the somatic embryogenesis from and histological studies of zygotic embryos of seeds in European Grape ＇Moldova＇ （Vitis vinifera U ＇Moldova＇）. Primary calli were initiated on Nitsch and Nitsch （NN） ...We examined the somatic embryogenesis from and histological studies of zygotic embryos of seeds in European Grape ＇Moldova＇ （Vitis vinifera U ＇Moldova＇）. Primary calli were initiated on Nitsch and Nitsch （NN） medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA. Embryogenic calli were produced upon transfer to a NN medium with 0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA and 2 mg·L^-1 NAA and somatic embryos were obtained on a half strength MS medium without plant growth regulators. During the somatic embryo germination, an addition of 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA in the medium could accelerate somatic embryos to develop into normal plants and increase the conversion rate from 0 to 43.3%. Histological studies of embryogenic calli and somatic embryos demonstrated dynamic changes of proteins and starch grains. The developmental processes of somatic embryos were similar to those of zygotic embryos, including typical epiderma, cotyledon primordium and vascular tissue.展开更多
To lay a biological foundation for rootstocks and alternate irrigation （AI） popularization, the effects of partial rootzone drying （PRD） on the growth of the grapevine Malvasia grafted on different rootstocks were...To lay a biological foundation for rootstocks and alternate irrigation （AI） popularization, the effects of partial rootzone drying （PRD） on the growth of the grapevine Malvasia grafted on different rootstocks were investigated. Biological effects of 1/2 divided root irrigation on three combinations, i.e., Malvasia/420A, Malvasia/3309C, and Malvasia/110R, were studied by wood-boxed plants. All the plants were separated into three groups for different irrigation strategies. Mass growth of new root in alternate-irrigated plants was remarkably promoted by about 7.8-22.2% higher than the well- watered ones. However, new shoot growth, especially the internode was reduced by alternate irrigation. The average root-shoot ratio of all the three combinations was increased from 1.1 to 1.46. New root growth and internode length were decreased by fixed partial rootzone irrigation （FI） at different amount, M/3309C at 37.9 and 36.9%, M/110R at 18.4 and 22.5%, respectively. Total biomass of all the three combinations under FI decreased at the rate of 19.2-34.3% compared with well-watered ones. Water stress adaptation of grapevine mainly depends on rootstock. 110R is more efficient than 3309C and 420A in water stress adaptation. PRD-AI benefited root growth, thus improved the drought-resistant ability of grapevine.展开更多
FUSCA3(FUS3)is a member of B3-domain transcription factor family and master regulator of seed development.It has potential roles in hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and therefore plays diverse roles in plan...FUSCA3(FUS3)is a member of B3-domain transcription factor family and master regulator of seed development.It has potential roles in hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and therefore plays diverse roles in plant life cycle,especially in seed germination,dormancy,embryo formation,seed and fruit development,and maturation.However,there is limited information about its functions in seed and fruit development of grapevine.In this study,we expressed VvFUS3 in tomato for its functional characterization.Overexpression of VvFUS3 in tomato led to a reduction in seed number and seed weight without affecting the fruit size.Histological analysis found that both cell expansion and cell division in transgenic seed and fruit pericarp have been affected.However,there were no obvious differences in pollen size,shape,and viability,suggesting that VvFUS3 affects seed development but not the pollen grains.Moreover,the expression of several genes with presumed roles in seed development and hormone signaling pathways was also influenced by VvFUS3.These results suggest that VvFUS3 is involved in hormonal signaling pathways that regulate seed number and size.In conclusion,our study provides novel preliminary information about the pivotal roles of VvFUS3 in seed and fruit development and these findings can potentially serve as a reference for molecular breeding of seedless grapes.展开更多
文摘Discrimination among grapevine varieties based on quantitative traits,such as flowering,veraison and ripening dates is crucial for variety selection in the context of climate change and in breeding programs.These traits are under complex genetic control for which 6 linked SSR loci(VVS2,VVIn16,VMC7G3,VrZAG29,VMC5G7,and VVIB23)have been identified.Using these markers in HRM-PCR analysis,we assessed genetic diversity among a large collection of 192 grapevine varieties.The grapevine germplasm used encompasses the majority of Greek vineyard with 181 varieties,3 prominent foreign varieties and 11 varieties of Palestinian origin.The SSR markers used were highly polymorphic,displaying unique melting curves for unusually higher number of samples than generally observed in SSR analysis.This prompted us to examine sequence composition for selected samples and found that variation present as SNPs in the flanking sequences of SSR motifs was responsible for the observed polymorphism.Hence,HRM-PCR proved to be a tool of higher analytical power to distinguish genotypes surpassing the discrimination power of conventional gel-based SSR analysis.The study provides a better understanding of genetic variation of SSR marker loci associated to phenological traits in grapevine varieties,signifying an analytical methodology that may be of higher discrimination power in detection of polymorphism for utilization in breeding programs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772258)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFD1000102-11)。
文摘Climate change and extreme weather pose significant challenges to the traditional viticulture regions.Emerging high-altitude grape-producing regions with diverse orientations have shown great potential in coping with this challenge.Stable,high-quality wine grape production may be achieved by synchronizing the meso-and microclimate.To clarify the role of high altitude and row orientation in meso-and microclimate and the response of berries to it,we evaluated seven years(2012-2018)of climate data,two years of basic grape(Cabernet Sauvignon,Vitis vinifera L.)quality,and one-year microclimate from veraison to harvest.By comparing two locations(Sidon 2047 m,Sinon 2208 m)in Yunnan Province,China,we found that the average temperature has been stable at approximately 15℃ for seven years,with no extreme weather or,noticeable global warming.The light intensity(LI)in the north-south(NS)was more balanced than the east-west(EW)direction,and the east-west to the south(EW-S)canopy side was almost higher than the other sides.High LI was associated with high photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),ultraviolet(UV),and infrared(IR)light and vice versa.The north-south to the east(NS-E)and east-west to the north(EWN)sides were characterized by lower LI and higher UV and IR light,and higher total anthocyanin content.Most anthocyanin synthesis-related genes,for example,VvF3'H and VvF3'5'H,were highly expressed in NS-E from veraison to maturity.Perhaps UV and IR light induced their expression.This study provides new insights on the role of differently orientated rows in controlling grape quality due to varied light quality.The findings are globally significant,particularly in the context of climate change,and offer fresh insights into berry physiological responses and decision-making for the management of existing vineyards.
基金the CAPES(Coordination for the Improvement of the Higher Level Personnel,Brazil)for their financial support for the field collections and for the postdoctoral scholarships.
文摘In Brazil winemaking is expanding not only in the renewal of vineyards in traditional production areas, but also in the introduction of new crops in the newer winemaking regions. Promising characteristics were observed in the quality of the grapes and wines produced in altitude regions of Santa Catarina. The aim of this study is to characterize the geographic and climatic conditions which affect the phenology and vegetative growth of grapevine in S?o Joaquim, in the mountains region of Santa Catarina. The vineyards are located in areas with undulated and strongly undulated relief, predominantly in soils originating from basaltic rocks, in climate conditions classified as Cfb according to the K?ppen, as Region I according to Winkler classification. The phenological stage of the grapevines in the S?o Joaquim region begins later and lasts longer in comparison to other winegrowing regions in Brazil. Decrease in photoperiod and low temperatures (<10?C) were the determining factors for the induction of growth cessation of the shoots in S?o Joaquim. The geographic location in a lower latitude and its high altitude results in a distinct growing climate compared to the other winegrowing regions in Brazil.
基金This work has been supported by grants from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs(Z.Marković)from ARCAD,a flagship programme of Agropolis Fondation(Montpellier,France)(I.Engelmann-Sylvestre).
文摘Proline has been shown to accumulate in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Exogenous proline has thus been used for improving some plant cryopreservation protocols. Further enhancement of cryopreservation efficiency for in vitro grapevines could be expected if stresses linked to cryopreservation procedures could be reduced. We therefore studied the possible beneficial effect of proline in grapevine cryopreservation. Single-node explants from in vitro grown grapevine plantlets (Vitis vinifera L. cv Portan) were cultured on shooting media (half-strength MS + 1 μM BAP) containing no proline (control) or 50, 500, or 2000 μM filter-sterilized L-proline. Shoot tips excised from these microshoots were subjected to a PVS2-based droplet-vitrification procedure. Control and rewarmed explants were grown on a recovery medium containing 1 μM BAP. Shoot development on control medium and lower proline concentrations did not notably differ whereas the highest concentration of proline inhibited shoot development. Carry-over effects were observed since lower survival and regrowth were obtained both for non-frozen or LN-treated explants excised from micro-shoots obtained on the 2000 μM proline medium. No significant differences in survival and regrowth were observed for non-frozen explants subjected to pretreatment without LN exposure. A slightly enhancing effect (although non-significant) on post-cryopreservation survival was observed for explants derived from shoots developed on 50 or 500 μM proline, but no significant improvement of regrowth percentage was observed for these two conditions. Although a slight increase in survival could be observed, no significant beneficial effect of proline pretreatment on post-cryoconservation regrowth could be evidenced in our conditions. However, the 2-week period before explant excision could have allowed at least partial metabolism and catabolism of exogenous proline;the results observed could thus have been the consequence of complex interactions. Shorter proline treatments applied closer to the actual LN exposure step might produce different results and allow for clearer interpretation.
文摘The aim of this work was to isolate and identify the yeasts prevalent in fresh grapes cultivated in the “São Francisco Valley” region (Brazil), as well as evaluating the cell growth of these indigenous yeasts during the fermentation of grape musts and their contribution to the improvement of wine aroma. The Chenin Blanc grape must fermented by H. opuntiae presented higher acceptance means at the three points analyzed (6.74, 6.78 and 7.30) and in the fermentation carried out by the yeasts H. opuntiae and S. cerevisiae, the highest mean acceptance (7.22) was observed after 120 hours, with no statistical difference from the sample fermented by H. opuntiae alone. Since these samples that showed higher acceptance means also receiving higher scores for purchasing intention, corresponding to the concepts of “definitely would buy” and “probably would buy”. The present study suggests that the fermentations of grape musts carried out by the yeast H. opuntiae and mixed cultures of H. opuntiae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, positively influenced the sensory qualities of the wines and showed greater potential to increase the aroma of the musts and to develop specific wine styles.
文摘The liver is one of the most important organs in the body,performing a fundamental role in the regulationof diverse processes,among which the metabolism,secretion,storage,and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances are prominent.Due to these functions,hepatic diseases continue to be among the main threats to public health,and they remain problems throughout the world.Despite enormous advances in modern medicine,there are no completely effective drugs that stimulate hepatic function,that offer complete protection of the organ,or that help to regenerate hepatic cells.Thus,it is necessary to identify pharmaceutical alternatives for the treatment of liver diseases,with the aim of these alternatives being more effective and less toxic.The use of some plants and the consumption of different fruits have played basic roles in human health care,and diverse scientific investigations have indicated that,in those plants and fruits so identified,their beneficial effects can be attributed to the presence of chemical compounds that are called phytochemicals.The present review had as its objective the collecting of data based on research conducted into some fruits(grapefruit,cranberries,and grapes)and plants[cactus pear(nopal)and cactus pear fruit,chamomile,silymarin,and spirulina],which are consumed frequently by humans and which have demonstrated hepatoprotective capacity,as well as an analysis of a resin(propolis)and some phytochemicals extracted from fruits,plants,yeasts,and algae,which have been evaluated in different models of hepatotoxicity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30471212,30500347)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,Ministry of Agriculture,China (NYCYTX-3-CY-04)
文摘Non-embryogenic calli （NEC） was inevitably and heavily produced when grape embryogenic calli （EC） was induced from explants or during the subculture of EC.A stable and highly efficient NEC transformation platform is required to further sort out and verify key genes which determine/switch the identity of NEC and EC.In this research,a vector pA5 containing a chitinase signal sequence fused to gfp （green fluorescent protein） and an HDEL motive was used to target and immobilize into Agrobacterium strain EHA105 to establish a transformation platform for Vitis vinifera L.cv.Chardonnay NEC.It was determined that NEC 10 d after subculture was the best target tissue;30 min for inoculation followed by 3 d co-cultivation with the addition of 200 μmol L-1 acetosyringone （AS） was optimized as protocol.The use of bacterial densities as 1.0 at OD600 did not result in serious tissue hypersensitive reaction and it had higher efficiency.Kanamycin at 200 mg L-1 was picked for positive expression selection.The stable transformation of NEC was proved by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques （RT-PCR） and fluorescent microscopy after three sub-cultures of the selected cell line.Highly efficient genetic transformation protocol of grape NEC was achieved and some of the optimized parameters were different from that reported for EC.This transformation platform could facilitate the verification of candidate somatic embryogenesis （SE） decisive genes,and the successfully transformed NEC with certain genes can also be used as bioreactors for the production of functional products,as NEC not only proliferates fast,but also keeps in a rather stable condition.
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2452019208)the National Key R&D Program on Monitoring,Early Warning and Prevention of Major National Disasters(Grant No.2017YFC1502806)the China Agriculture Research System for Grapes(Grant No.CARS-29-zp-6).
文摘Spine grape(Vitis davidii Foex.)is an important wild grape species native to China.Fifteen red spine grape clones and three red Vitis vinifera grape varieties were used to evaluate the differences in the anthocyanin profiles and color properties of wines made from V.davidii and V.vinifera grapes.Among spine wines,‘Junzi#2’wine had the highest total phenolic and total anthocyanin,‘Xiangzhenzhu’wine had the highest total flavonoids,and‘Junzi#1’wine had the highest total tannin.The anthocyanin compositions of all of the spine wines were dominated by Mv-3,5-diglucoside.The total individual anthocyanin contents in spine wines,except‘Gaoshan#5’,‘Junzi#5055’,‘Junzi#5061’,and‘Junzi#5044’,were signifi cantly higher than in V.vinifera wines.Most of the spine wines had a stronger red intensity and a brighter chroma with a bluer hue than V.vinifera wines.Correlation analysis revealed that the color properties were closely related to the anthocyanin composition.These results suggest that wines made from spine grapes may be useful for the wine industry for their color properties and high individual anthocyanin contents.
文摘Threatened abortion is a common problem in early pregnancy. This early vaginal bleeding happens in about 25% of pregnant women. The medications including progesterone, uterine muscle relaxant or human chorionic gonadotropin have essential effects in developing pregnancy, but the clinical data are insufficient to prescribe them. In recent decades, medicinal herbs can help us to present new treatments. Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) can protect the fetus from the perspective of Persian medicine. So, we hypothesize about the salutary effects of grape in miscarriage prevention. We found five standard expected mechanisms of grape to prevent threatened abortion: immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-contraction, hormonal and anti-stress activities. Grape reduces nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, expression of nuclear factor κB and other pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL (Interleukin)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. It also elevates anti-inflammatory mediators and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Grape polyphenols have a crucial role in fetus protection with high antioxidant power and other functions such as prevention of stress-triggered abortion with proanthocyanidins, or hormonal effects and inhibition of uterine contractions with resveratrol. So according to these studies, grape probably has effects on the immune and endocrine factors involved in threatened miscarriage.
基金supported by "948" Ad-vanced Forestry Technology Introduction Program (Grant No. 2006-4-73).
文摘We examined the somatic embryogenesis from and histological studies of zygotic embryos of seeds in European Grape ＇Moldova＇ （Vitis vinifera U ＇Moldova＇）. Primary calli were initiated on Nitsch and Nitsch （NN） medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA. Embryogenic calli were produced upon transfer to a NN medium with 0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA and 2 mg·L^-1 NAA and somatic embryos were obtained on a half strength MS medium without plant growth regulators. During the somatic embryo germination, an addition of 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA in the medium could accelerate somatic embryos to develop into normal plants and increase the conversion rate from 0 to 43.3%. Histological studies of embryogenic calli and somatic embryos demonstrated dynamic changes of proteins and starch grains. The developmental processes of somatic embryos were similar to those of zygotic embryos, including typical epiderma, cotyledon primordium and vascular tissue.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30471197).
文摘To lay a biological foundation for rootstocks and alternate irrigation （AI） popularization, the effects of partial rootzone drying （PRD） on the growth of the grapevine Malvasia grafted on different rootstocks were investigated. Biological effects of 1/2 divided root irrigation on three combinations, i.e., Malvasia/420A, Malvasia/3309C, and Malvasia/110R, were studied by wood-boxed plants. All the plants were separated into three groups for different irrigation strategies. Mass growth of new root in alternate-irrigated plants was remarkably promoted by about 7.8-22.2% higher than the well- watered ones. However, new shoot growth, especially the internode was reduced by alternate irrigation. The average root-shoot ratio of all the three combinations was increased from 1.1 to 1.46. New root growth and internode length were decreased by fixed partial rootzone irrigation （FI） at different amount, M/3309C at 37.9 and 36.9%, M/110R at 18.4 and 22.5%, respectively. Total biomass of all the three combinations under FI decreased at the rate of 19.2-34.3% compared with well-watered ones. Water stress adaptation of grapevine mainly depends on rootstock. 110R is more efficient than 3309C and 420A in water stress adaptation. PRD-AI benefited root growth, thus improved the drought-resistant ability of grapevine.
基金This work was supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1603234)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Grape Germplasm Resources and Breeding(Grant No.2013KCT-25).
文摘FUSCA3(FUS3)is a member of B3-domain transcription factor family and master regulator of seed development.It has potential roles in hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and therefore plays diverse roles in plant life cycle,especially in seed germination,dormancy,embryo formation,seed and fruit development,and maturation.However,there is limited information about its functions in seed and fruit development of grapevine.In this study,we expressed VvFUS3 in tomato for its functional characterization.Overexpression of VvFUS3 in tomato led to a reduction in seed number and seed weight without affecting the fruit size.Histological analysis found that both cell expansion and cell division in transgenic seed and fruit pericarp have been affected.However,there were no obvious differences in pollen size,shape,and viability,suggesting that VvFUS3 affects seed development but not the pollen grains.Moreover,the expression of several genes with presumed roles in seed development and hormone signaling pathways was also influenced by VvFUS3.These results suggest that VvFUS3 is involved in hormonal signaling pathways that regulate seed number and size.In conclusion,our study provides novel preliminary information about the pivotal roles of VvFUS3 in seed and fruit development and these findings can potentially serve as a reference for molecular breeding of seedless grapes.
