Preparation methods,biological activities,and potential applications of marine algae oligosaccharides:a review

Marine algae are valuable sources of health-promoting molecules that have been consumed by Asians for decades.Among aquatic flora,marine algae stand out in terms of high content of marine algae polysaccharides(MAP)such as carrageenan,alginate,fucoidan,laminaran,agarose,rhamnan,and ulvan.When hydrolyzed,MAP generate marine algae oligosaccharides(MAO),which have attracted interest in recent years due to their superior solubility compared with MAP.Besides,MAO have been demonstrated numerous biological activities including antioxidant,antidiabetic,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,and prebiotic activities.Thus,this review summarizes the main chemical classes of MAO,their sources,and the main processes used for their production(i.e.,physical,chemical,and biological methods),coupled with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.Highlights of the biological activities of MAO and their potential applications in food,nutraceutical,and pharmaceuticals would also be discussed and summarized.

Review on analytical technologies and applications in metabolomics

Over the past decade,the swift advancement of metabolomics can be credited to significant progress in technologies such as mass spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance,and multivariate statistics.Currently,metabolomics garners widespread application across diverse fields including drug research and development,early disease detection,toxicology,food and nutrition science,biology,prescription,and chinmedomics,among others.Metabolomics serves as an effective characterization technique,offering insights into physiological process alterations in vivo.These changes may result from various exogenous factors like environmental conditions,stress,medications,as well as endogenous elements including genetic and protein-based influences.The potential scientific outcomes gleaned from these insights have catalyzed the formulation of innovative methods,poised to further broaden the scope of this domain.Today,metabolomics has evolved into a valuable and widely accepted instrument in the life sciences.However,comprehensive reviews focusing on the sample preparation and analytical methodologies employed in metabolomics within the life sciences are surprisingly scant.This review aims to fill that gap,providing an overview of current trends and recent advancements in metabolomics.Particular emphasis is placed on sample preparation,sophisticated analytical techniques,and their applications in life science research.

Review: Progress in the Preparation of Iron Based Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

With unique physical properties, chemical properties, and biological effects, magnetic nanomaterials are important functional materials in many fields. In the past decades, iron based magnetic nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the biomedicine field due to their superior magnetic properties and great potential in biomedical applications. In particular, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(MIONPs) have been playing a crucial role in the biomedicine field because of their diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Meanwhile, MIONPs are benign, low toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, so they are the only inorganic magnetic nanomaterials approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for clinical use at present. In this review, we mainly introduce the progress in the preparation of iron based magnetic nanomaterials for biomedical applications, including pure iron nanoparticles, iron-based alloy nanoparticles, and MIONPs, with a focus on MIONPs. Also, we summarize the preparation methods of MIONPs and point out the importance of their developments.

Recent Progress in Preparation and Application of Nano-Chitin Materials

Chitin is a kind of natural macromolecule material which was first discovered in mushrooms and was widely found in the shells of crustaceans and arthropods,the cell walls of fungi(yeast and mold)and algae,and the mollusks.The original chitin in nature usually has an antiparallel molecular chain alignment forming nanofibers connected by inter-and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.These microfibers consist of nanofibers about 2-5 nm in diameter,and about 300 nm long,embedded by protein matrices.Due to their unique dimensional,optical,mechanical,and other characteristics,the preparation of nano-chitin materials is an important subject.It is possible to extract nano-chitins from their sources with various methods,including acid hydrolysis,mechanical disintegration,TEMPO-mediated oxidation,electrospinning,and others.In this article,the latest progress in recent years in the preparation and applications of nano-chitin were reviewed.The morphology of the nano-chitins obtained from the above methods was presented.The advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed.An overview of applications of nano-chitins was discussed,including biomedicine,food applications,water treatment,green electronic materials,enzyme immobilization carriers,cotton textile materials,cosmetics,and others.

Preparation and application of carbon nanotubes flexible sensors

Based on the good extensibility and conductivity,the flexible sensors(FSs)have a wide range of applications in the field of the electrochemical energy storage and variable stress sensors,which causes that the preparation of FSs also become a hot spot of research.Among the materials for preparing the FSs,the flexible carbon matrix composites(FCMCs)have become the widely used material since the good performance in the properties of electrochemistry and mechanics,which could be divided into three types:the carbon nanofibers(CNFs),the carbon nanospheres(CNSs)and the carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Compared with CNFs and CNSs,the CNTs wrapped by the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)have the advantages of the excellent extensibility and electrochemical stability.Therefore,the CNTs flexible sensor(CFS)could be well used in the field of the FSs.The purpose of this review is summarizing the preparation methods and application fields of CFS and proposing the research direction of CFS in the future.In this paper,two methods for fabricating the CFS have been designed by consulting the methods mentioned in the literature in recent years,and the advantages and disadvantages between the two methods have been explained.The application fields of CFS in recent years are enumerated,and the conclusion that the application fields of CFS are very wide is drawn.At the end of this paper,the review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges in the application fields of the CFS.

Preparation and Application of Chitosan-based Polyelectrolyte Complex Materials: An Overview

Chitosan,a renewable,non-toxic,and natural cationic polyelectrolyte,can be combined with many anionic polyelectrolytes(such as sodium alginate,hyaluronic acid,xylan,and gelatin)via electrostatic forces to form chitosan-based polyelectrolyte composites under certain conditions.This review summarizes various methods of preparing chitosan-based polyelectrolyte composites and analyzes their applications in clinical medicine and agriculture,as well as pharmaceutical,tissue,food,environmental,and textile engineering fields.The future development direction and potential of chitosan-based polyelectrolytes are also discussed.

A mini-review of MXene porous films:Preparation,mechanism and application

MXene presents excellent electrical conductivity,abundant surface functional groups and wonderful filmforming performance,but the lamellar layers are prone to self-stacking during film formation,which will reduce the loss of electromagnetic waves,hinder ion transmission,and limit the effective load of other functional materials.The construction of the porous structure can effectively solve the self-stacking problem of MXene sheets.This article reviews the research progress of MXene porous films for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,lithium/sodium ion batteries,pseudocapacitors,and biomedical science applications.It focuses on the preparation methods of MXene porous films,and discusses the pore-forming mechanism of the porous structure formed by different preparation methods and the internal relationship between the“microstructure-macroscopic performance”of the MXene porous films,points out the key scientific and technical bottlenecks that need to be solved urgently in the preparation and application of the MXene porous films.It is hoped to provide certain guidance for the design,preparation,optimization,industrial application,and development of MXene porous films.

基于超疏水、超亲水自清洁涂层的研究及其多功能应用

固体材料因其表面积聚的灰尘、污垢、油脂等污染物而受到污染,进而导致材料的失效和故障等问题。通过涂覆超亲水、超疏水的特殊润湿性自清洁涂层是解决这些问题的有效方法。从固体表面润湿性理论出发,阐述了理论润湿模型、润湿性参数以及润滑行为;介绍了超疏水性、超亲水性自清洁功能的工作原理。同时,介绍了国内外关于超疏水、超亲水自清洁涂层的相关制备方法及其优缺点,以及涂层在光伏发电、防冰防霜、金属防腐领域的多功能应用。最后指出,存在对涂层稳定性、抗脱落性等综合性能的评估不足,缺乏对适用环境因素的考量等问题,并对其研究前景进行了展望。

煤基碳材料制备与电化学储能应用

煤基碳材料作为一种重要煤衍生碳材料,优点主要体现在比表面积高、导电性好、资源丰富且价格低,在储能领域应用前景广阔。煤基碳材料制备方法主要包括活化法、模板法以及杂原子掺杂法等。活化法是常用煤基碳材料制备方法,通过高温下用气体或化学试剂对煤活化处理,可获得具有高比表面积和丰富孔结构的煤基碳材料。模板法通过选择合适模板材料,制备有特殊孔结构的碳材料,且孔径均一、结构有序。杂原子掺杂法通过向煤基碳材料中引入杂原子,调控其电子结构和电化学性能,不仅可在碳材料表面形成官能团,提高材料反应效率,还可通过氧化还原反应产生赝电容,提高材料电化学性能。以煤为前驱体制备的煤基电极材料种类繁多,包括煤基无定形碳、煤基多孔碳、煤基石墨、煤基碳纳米纤维、煤基石墨烯及煤基石墨烯量子点等。与传统碳电极材料前驱体(天然石墨、石油焦、沥青焦等)相比,煤基碳材料芳香层片结构和烷基支链有特殊性质,芳香层片经高温石墨化形成横向延展的石墨晶层,而烷基支链则形成有活性基团的碳中间体或小分子团簇,进一步构筑出新碳材料,使煤基碳材料具备制造电极材料优势。在电化学储能领域,煤基电极材料已广泛的应用。研究者已将煤基碳材料应用于超级电容器、锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钾离子电池等储能器件,并取得良好性能表现。煤基碳材料作为潜力巨大的新型能源材料,具有广阔应用前景和重要研究意义。然而,目前煤基电极材料在储能领域研究仍存在着许多困难和挑战,如在对原煤处理过程中强氧化剂的使用、对高温高压环境和特殊保护气氛的需求,都会产生污染环境的废弃物及副产品。因此,未来不仅需优化煤基碳材料制备工艺、提高材料电化学性能、拓展煤基碳材料在能源储存领域应用,更需采用绿色、安全且经济的方法规模化制备高品质煤基碳材料,以期为煤炭清洁、高效、低碳利用提供支持,为开发先进煤衍生碳材料提供参考。

石墨烯复合橡胶沥青改性制备方法及应用

沥青作为基础路面工程的重要选材,其性能的好坏直接关系到路面的使用年限以及使用性能,为解决沥青在实践应用中存在的老化以及流动性问题,研究提出了一种石墨烯复合橡胶对沥青进行改性的方式,并介绍了其制备方法。通过对石墨烯复合橡胶沥青材料性能的测定发现这一材料的微观结构更为紧密,且其流变性能测试以及老化性能测试结果都明显的高于基底沥青材料,更能够符合道路工程以及建筑防水的现实需要,具有较为广泛的应用前景。

中空二氧化硅纳米球的制备与应用研究进展

中空二氧化硅纳米球是一种具有单个空腔或多个空腔,直径在纳米级的新型结构材料。目前已开发出多种中空二氧化硅纳米球的制备方法,不同制备方法各具差异性。中空二氧化硅纳米球在医学、保温隔热和光学等多领域中有广泛应用。对模板法、喷雾干燥法、选择性刻蚀法等多种中空二氧化硅纳米球的制备方法及其特点进行了梳理和分析,评价了其优缺点,并探讨了中空二氧化硅纳米球的应用进展。

天然纤维混杂增强树脂基复合材料的研究现状及应用

天然纤维增强树脂基复合材料具有资源丰富、密度小、可生物降解、生态友好、生物相容性好、可再生、成本低等优点,在汽车轻量化、运动设备、家电轻薄化、电气部件和生物医药行业等领域呈现出巨大的发展前景和应用价值,并在国内外得到了广泛的应用。综述了天然纤维混杂增强树脂基复合材料的制备方法、力学性能及其应用,并对天然纤维混杂复合材料的发展进行了展望。

织物基金属有机框架复合材料的制备及应用研究进展

金属有机框架(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)材料作为第三代多孔材料,因其高比表面积、高稳定性、化学可调性等功能特性而备受关注,尤其在各种轻质和柔性基材上负载应用成为该领域的热点研究方向。本文综述了纺织基材作为载体,负载MOFs的进展,对以溶剂热法、逐层生长法、喷涂打印法等构建织物基MOFs复合材料的方式进行阐述,且根据制备方式的差异性指出不同制备方式的应用场景;归纳了该类材料的复合机理;针对复合材料的使用耐久性总结了现有增强MOFs与基底材料结合牢固性的方法,并介绍了该类复合材料在超疏水自清洁、自消毒纺织品等领域应用的最新研究成果。最后指出织物基MOFs复合材料的大规模生产方式以及在现实环境条件下的耐久性是迈向广泛应用的关键步骤,其更多的一体化功能是未来研究的重点方向。

碳量子点的制备、环境应用和生物毒性

围绕碳量子点(CQDs)的制备方法、环境应用及风险展开综述,结果显示,CQDs可通过自上而下或自下而上的方法制备,它在200~400nm的紫外光区有一个或多个吸收峰,在可见光谱中的蓝色和绿色光域有荧光效应.基于此,CQDs可用于检测Hg^(2+)、Cr^(3+)、Mn^(2+)等10余种(重)金属离子,芳香类、四环素等有机污染物及亚硝酸盐等盐类,且具有较高的灵敏度.CQDs对苯酚、亚甲基蓝等有机污染物具有优异的光催化降解能力.CQDs的毒性比多数金属基量子点更低,其诱导生物体内活性氧的过度产生是主要的致毒机制.相关研究为正确认识和评估CQDs的环境风险提供参考,为制定合理的CQDs制备和回收策略提供建议.

冷冻扫描电镜制样方法及其在含水样品中的应用

常规扫描电镜要求所观察的样品必须干燥、无水,而一些含水样品在干燥过程中会发生结构变化,无法真实反映样品的结构信息。冷冻扫描电镜无需对样品进行干燥处理,可以直接分析含水样品表面、界面和内部结构,是研究高度含水样品的强有力工具。样品的制样方法在冷冻扫描电镜技术中占有重要地位,它直接关系到样品真实形貌特征的反映和对超微结构的正确解读。本文综述了冷冻扫描电镜的制样方法,并阐述冷冻扫描电镜技术在天然气水合物、微生物、乳液、水凝胶、动植物等含水样品中的应用。

铝基非晶合金的制备、性能与应用研究进展

铝基非晶合金因其独特的物理和化学性能在诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景,综述了铝基非晶合金的成分体系、制备方法、性能特点及应用研究进展。首先,介绍了铝基非晶合金的发展历史和成分体系,目前铝基非晶主要分为3大体系:二元、三元和多元体系,以及综合性能和形成能力2大方面,多元体系表现更佳,并逐渐向更多元化发展;其次,系统介绍了铝基非晶合金的制备方法,包括粉末状、薄带状、块体样品的制备,相较于非晶薄带的制备,块体和粉状的制备方法较为丰富,而粉状非晶通常作为铝基非晶涂层的预制材料;随后,详细介绍了铝基非晶合金的性能特点、应用现状及发展趋势,从性能上来看,铝基非晶在强度和硬度以及耐腐蚀性能上表现良好,目前主要以涂层的形式参与应用,除此之外,研究者们也开始对磁性和热塑性展开研究,由于玻璃形成能力的限制,作为结构材料的应用较少;最后,对其未来应用前景进行了展望,认为涂层是目前铝基非晶合金最具应用前景的工程化方式。

耐有机溶剂型分离膜的制备及应用研究进展

有机溶剂的分离与纯化是近年来的研究热点,众多分离与纯化技术应运而生。耐有机溶剂膜分离技术具有高效节能、操作简便的优势,受到研究者们的普遍关注,在化工、环境、医药、纺织等领域具有广阔的应用前景。文中概括了耐有机溶剂型分离膜的分离技术与分类,阐述了耐有机溶剂型分离膜的制备方法,介绍了耐有机溶剂型分离膜的应用进展,并对耐有机溶剂型分离膜的发展趋势进行了展望。综述内容可为耐有机溶剂型分离膜的推广和应用提供策略支撑。

受猪笼草启发的仿生超滑表面研究进展

自然界中猪笼草的袋状叶片内壁呈多孔结构,能锁住其分泌的蜡状物质,受此启发,向粗糙基底灌注低表面能液体以形成稳定的润滑油层,进而制备出注液超滑表面,其比超疏水表面具有更耐久的疏液、自清洁、防附着等性能,成为当前研究的热点。基于此,该文介绍了仿生超滑表面的润湿理论及作用机制,综述了超滑表面构建技术策略,包括粗糙基底成形-润滑油灌注与粗糙基底成形-基底化学修饰-润滑油灌注2种典型的路径;全面总结了粗糙基底的制备方法,包括刻蚀法、溶胶-凝胶法、呼吸图法、水热法,并介绍了仿生超滑表面在油水分离、水雾收集、防腐蚀、液滴操控、防覆冰领域的应用进展;最后,对仿生超滑表面的发展前景进行了展望。