Effect of graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)addition on strength and ductility of magnesium-titanium alloys

Effect of graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)addition on mechanical properties of magnesium–10wt%Titanium(Mg–10Ti)alloy is investigated in current work.The Mg-(10Ti+0.18GNPs)composite was synthesized using the semi powder metallurgy method followed by hot extrusion.Microstructural characterization results revealed the uniform distribution of reinforcement(Ti+GNPs)particles in the matrix,therefore(Ti+GNPs)particles act as an effective reinforcing filler to prevent the deformation.Room temperature tensile results showed that the addition of Ti+GNPs to monolithic Mg lead to increase in 0.2%yield strength(0.2%YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),and failure strain.Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDS)and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)were used to investigate the surface morphology,elemental dispersion and phase analysis,respectively.

GNPs改性环氧3D编织复合材料导热特性研究

石墨烯纳米片(Graphene nanoplatelets,GNPs)改性3D编织复合材料将GNPs与编织物有机融合,有望协同提高材料导热特性。然而,3D编织复合材料内胞和表胞呈现出不同的导热特性,加之GNPs的协同改性作用,增加了材料导热特性研究难度。本文紧扣GNPs改性3D编织复合材料细观结构特征,以GNPs改性树脂等效热导率表征为基础,基于周期性温度边界条件,构建材料的多胞有限元热物理分析模型,详尽研究了GNPs含量、编织角和纤维体积分数等对各胞元热导率的影响规律。分析表明:随着GNPs含量增加,3D编织复合材料导热特性逐步提升。随着编织角增加,GNPs改性3D编织复合材料横向热导率迅速增加而纵向热导率下降;同时,GNPs改性3D编织复合材料热导率随纤维体积分数增加而提升。上述规律为GNPs改性3D编织复合材料导热性能设计提供了坚实的理论基础。

Curing Kinetics, Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability of Epoxy/Graphene Nanoplatelets(GNPs) Powder Coatings

Epoxy/graphene nanoplatelets（GNPs） powder coatings were fabricated using ultrasonic predispersion of GNPs and melt-blend extrusion method. The isothermal curing kinetics of epoxy/GNPs powder coating were monitored by means of real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） with a heating cell. The mechanical properties of the epoxy/GNPs cured coatings had been investigated, by evaluating their fracture surfaces with field-emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM） after three-point-bending tests. The thermal stability of the epoxy/GNPs cured coatings was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis（TGA）. The isothermal curing kinetics result showed that the GNPs would not affect the autocatalytic reaction mechanism, but the loading of GNPs below 1.0 wt % additive played a prompting role in the curing of the epoxy/GNPs powder coatings. The fracture strain, fracture toughness and impact resistance of the epoxy/GNPs cured coatings increased dramatically at low levels of GNPs loading（1 wt %）, indicating that the GNPs could improve the toughness of the epoxy/GNPs powder coatings. Furthermore, from FE-SEM studies of the fracture surfaces, the possible toughening mechanisms of the epoxy/GNPs cured coatings were proposed. TGA result showed that the incorporation of GNPs improved the thermal stability of the cured coatings. Hence, the GNPs modified epoxy can be an efficient approach to toughen epoxy powder coating along with improving their thermal stability.

Radiative Blood-Based Hybrid Copper-Graphene Nanoliquid Flows along a Source-Heated Leaning Cylinder

Variant graphene,graphene oxides(GO),and graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)dispersed in blood-based copper(Cu)nanoliquids over a leaning permeable cylinder are the focus of this study.These forms of graphene are highly beneficial in the biological and medical fields for cancer therapy,anti-infection measures,and drug delivery.The non-Newtonian Sutterby(blood-based)hybrid nanoliquid flows are generalized within the context of the Tiwari-Das model to simulate the effects of radiation and heating sources.The governing partial differential equations are reformulated into a nonlinear set of ordinary differential equations using similar transformational expressions.These equations are then transformed into boundary value problems through a shooting technique,followed by the implementation of the bvp4c tool in MATLAB.The influences of various parameters on the model’s nondimensional velocity and temperature profiles,reduced skin friction,and reduced Nusselt number are presented for detailed discussions.The results indicated that Cu-GNP/blood and Cu-GO/blood hybrid nanofluids exhibit the lowest and highest velocity distributions,respectively,for increased nanoparticles volume fraction,curvature parameter,Sutterby fluid parameter,Hartmann number,and wall permeability parameter.Conversely,opposite trends are observed for the temperature distribution for all considered parameters,except the mixed convection parameter.Increases in the reduced skin friction magnitude and the reduced Nusselt number with higher values of graphene/GO/GNP nanoparticle volume fraction are also reported.Finally,GNP is identified as the superior heat conductor,with an average increase of approximately 5%and a peak of 7.8%in the reduced Nusselt number compared to graphene and GO nanoparticles in the Cu/blood nanofluids.

Surfactant-decorated graphite nanoplatelets(GNPs) reinforced aluminum nanocomposites: sintering effects on hardness and wear

The exceptional properties of graphene make it ideal as a reinforcement to enhance the properties of aluminum matrices and this critically depends on uniform dispersion. In this study, the dispersion issue was addressed by sonication and non-covalent surface functionalization of graphite nanoplatelets（GNPs） using two types of surfactant： anionic（sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate（SDBS）） and non-ionic polymeric（ethyl cellulose（EC））. After colloidal mixing with Al powder, consolidation was performed at two sintering temperatures（550 and 620°C）. The structure, density, mechanical and wear properties of the nanocomposite samples were investigated and compared with a pure Al and a pure GNPs/Al nanocomposite sample. Noticeably, EC-based 0.5 wt% GNPs/Al samples showed the highest increment of 31% increase in hardness with reduced wear rate of 98.25% at 620°C, while a 22% increase in hardness with reduced wear rate of 96.98% at 550°C was observed, as compared to pure Al. Microstructural analysis and the overall results validate the use of EC-based GNPs/Al nanocomposites as they performed better than pure Al and pure GNPs/Al nanocomposite at both sintering temperatures.

Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering

A 0.3wt%graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy matrix(7075 Al)composite was fabricated by spark plasma sintering and its strength and wear resistance were investigated.The microstructures of the internal structure,the friction surface,and the wear debris were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and Raman spectroscopy.Compared with the original 7075 aluminum alloy,the hardness and elastic modulus of the 7075 Al/GNPs composite were found to have increased by 29%and 36%,respectively.The results of tribological experiments indicated that the composite also exhibited a lower wear rate than the original 7075 aluminum alloy.

Edge sulfurized graphene nanoplatelets via vacuum mechano-chemical reaction for lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium–sulfur batteries have great potential for high energy applications due to their high capacities,low cost and eco-friendliness. However, the particularly rapid capacity decay owing to the dissolution and diffusion of polysulfide intermediate into the electrolyte still hamper their practical applications.And the reported preparation procedures to sulfur based cathode materials are often complex, and hence are rather difficult to produce at large scale. Here, we report a simple mechano-chemical sulfurization methodology in vacuum environment applying ball-milling method combined both the chemical and physical interaction for the one-pot synthesis of edge-sulfurized grapheme nanoplatelets with 3D porous foam structure as cathode materials. The optimal sample of 70%S–Gn Ps-48 h(ball-milled 48 h) obtains 13.2 wt% sulfur that chemically bonded onto the edge of Gn Ps. And the assembled batteries exhibit high initial discharge capacities of 1089 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 950 mAh/g at 0.5 C, and retain a stable discharge capacity of 776 mAh/g after 250 cycles at 0.5 C with a high Coulombic efficiency of over 98%. The excellent performance is mainly attributed to the mechano-chemical interaction between sulfur and grapheme nanoplatelets. This definitely triggers the currently extensive research in lithium–sulfur battery area.

A comparative study of polymer nanocomposites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets

Featuring exceptional mechanical and functional performance, MWCNTs and graphene(nano)platelets(GNPs or Gn Ps;each platelet below 10 nm in thickness) have been increasingly used for the development of polymer nanocomposites. Since MWCNTs are now cost-effective at US$30 per kg for industrial applications, this work starts by briefly reviewing the disentanglement and surface modification of MWCNTs as well as the properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites. GNPs can be made through the thermal treatment of graphite intercalation compounds followed by ultrasonication;GNPs would have lower cost yet higher electrical conductivity over 1,400 S cmthan MWCNTs. Through proper surface modification and compounding techniques, both types of fillers can reinforce or toughen polymers and simultaneously add anti-static performance. A high ratio of MWCNTs to GNPs would increase the synergy for polymers. Green, solvent-free systhesis methods are desired for polymer nanocomposites. Perspectives on the limitations, current challenges and future prospects are provided.

Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets Presence on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibers Produced by Melt Spinning

In aiming to obtain fibers with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties,graphene based textile fibers with 144 filaments were developed using an approach in which the PP/GnP(polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets)nanocomposite was employed as conductive material in a fiber with circular cross-section geometry.The kinetics of thermal degradation was evaluated by the Broido method using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).Activation energy was enhanced from 260.6 kJ·mol^-1 to 337.4 kJ·mol^-1 compared to the neat PP.GnP increased the thermal stability of the PP,slowing its degradation by thermal depolymerization.Furthermore,the degree of crystallization declined as the GnP content increased,reducing the tenacity of the yarn,but improving its elastic modulus from 91.9 to 95.9 cN/tex,being a promising alternative to produce smart textiles.In conclusion,it has been confirmed that GnP loading up to 1%(w/w)can be incorporated into polypropylene by melt spinning and that the resulting nanocomposite fibers are suitable for several applications in the textile industry.

Fabrication of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced Mg matrix composites via powder thixoforging

A powder thixoforging route combined with slurry based mixing process was proposed to fabricate graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs) reinforced magnesium matrix composites(MgMCs). The originally spherical and ball-milled ZK60 powders were used as matrices, respectively.The mixing of 0.05 wt.% GNPs with the spherical powder led to GNPs clusters and degraded the mechanical properties of the composite.In contrast, with the addition of an optimal content(0.1 wt.%) of GNPs, the composite fabricated from ball-milled powder achieved a joint enhancement in tensile yield strength(52%) and fracture toughness(19%), demonstrating a pronounced strengthening efficiency of 650% and a good balance between strength and toughness. The ball-milled powder endowed the composite with a homogenous distribution of GNPs and a denser microstructure with reduced Mg-Zn eutectics, and the thixoforging process offered a well-bonded Mg/GNP interface, making full use of the strengthening and toughening potential of GNPs. Theoretical predication based on a modified shear-lag model suggested that load transfer dominated the strengthening mechanisms. In-situ tensile tests verified that crack deflection, secondary cracks and GNPs bridging mainly accounted for the toughening mechanisms. A numerical model with consideration of GNPs orientations was also established to understand the toughening effect from GNPs bridging.

GNPs/PEG对聚乳酸材料结晶及力学性能的影响

采用超声辅助真空装置制备石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)/聚乙二醇(PEG)复配改性剂,通过熔融共混法制备了一系列聚乳酸(PLA)/GNPs、PLA/GNPs/PEG复合材料,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)和万能试验机对其断面形貌、结晶行为和力学性能进行研究。结果表明,添加复配改性剂GNPs/PEG后,PLA基复合材料的断面出现明显的PLA纤维,呈现韧性断裂; GNPs或GNPs/PEG的添加未改变PLA的晶型,当GNPs/PEG为0. 1%时,PLA基复合材料的结晶度达到38. 50%,比纯PLA提高了27. 99%; GNPs/PEG的添加也有效地改善了PLA的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度,分别比纯PLA的提高了13. 32%和51. 9%。

PE-UHMW/GNPs导电复合材料的制备和表征

采用超声溶液分散法制备出超高分子量聚乙烯/石墨烯(PE-UHMW/GNPs)导电复合材料,研究了该材料的导电渗流行为和阻-温特性。研究发现,PE-UHMW/GNPs导电复合材料的导电渗流阈值为3.8%,即当导电填料在体系中的质量分数达到3.8%时,材料内部逐渐形成较为完善的导电网络,从而实现其导电特性。研究和探讨了PE-UHMW/GNPs导电复合材料的正温度系数(PTC)效应和负温度系数(NTC)效应。研究发现,PE-UHMW/GNPs导电复合材料的PTC效应会随着GNPs含量的增加逐渐增强,当导电填料GNPs的添加量达到3.8%时,通过阻-温曲线可以观察到,PE-UHMW/GNPs导电复合材料具有最大的PTC强度和相对较低的室温体积电阻率。场发射扫描电子显微镜分析结果表明,GNPs和PE-UHMW之间的相互作用会随着热循环次数的不同而发生变化,最终会影响到材料的PTC效应。

Ag-GNPs新型电接触材料的制备及其电接触行为（英文）

为阐明Ag-GNPs新型电接触材料的电弧侵蚀行为,采用粉末冶金技术制备了石墨烯纳米片质量分数为0.5%~2.0%的Ag-GNPs新型电接触材料,研究了Ag-GNPs材料的微观结构、密度、电导率,分析了材料电弧侵蚀后的质量损耗、表面形貌,探讨了材料的电弧侵蚀机制。实验结果表明,高含量的GNPs降低Ag-GNPs材料的密度和导电率,但可显著增加其力学性能。GNPs的密度与含量对熔池表面元素再分布有重要影响。高含量的GNPs更容易团聚和降低Ag-GNPs材料的电接触性能,特别是当Ag-GNPs材料中GNPs含量超过1.5%。GNPs含量为1.5%的Ag-GNPs电接触材料具有最佳的抗电弧侵蚀性能,DC 25/15A条件下电弧侵蚀后其质量损耗最低、侵蚀坑最浅。

Pd/GNPs-PDDA催化剂制备及甲醇电氧化性能

以聚二烯二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)修饰的石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)为载体,利用微波辅助合成法制备Pd/GNPsPDDA电催化剂,考察PDDA的引入对Pd粒子在GNPs上的分散效果及电催化性能的影响。结果表明:PDDA的加入改善了Pd粒子的分散性,甲醇氧化反应的电流密度从54.71mA/cm^2提高到了73.59mA/cm^2,同时甲醇氧化起始电位从-0.437V负移到了-0.511V,动力学性能得到改进。

热处理对石墨烯镁基复合材料拉伸性能及微结构的影响

为研究时效对石墨烯纳米片/镁基复合材料(GNPs/AZ31)力学性能的影响,对GNPs/AZ31进行了300℃固溶1 h和200℃分别时效4、8、12、16、20、24 h的热处理,并开展不同时效时间下的GNPs/AZ31微观组织表征与拉伸力学性能试验研究。单轴拉伸力学试验发现,随着时效时间的增加,GNPs/AZ31的力学性能呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,在时效时间为20 h时的综合力学性能最好,抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率、断裂功和显微硬度分别为381 MPa、258 MPa、23.7%、76 J/m^(3)和75.7 HV,比未处理的GNPs/AZ31复合材料分别提高了9.5%、4.5%、13.9%、24.6%和37.6%。微结构表征试验结果表明,随着时效时间的增加,GNPs/AZ31内第二相(Mg_(17)Al_(12))的析出数量明显增加,并且时效过程均以增加粒径小于1.0μm的小尺寸颗粒的连续析出为主;XRD图谱显示,随着时效时间的增加,Mg_(17)Al_(12)相衍射峰强度得到加强,GNPs/AZ31的(0002)基面织构强度得到提高。本研究可为改善GNPs/AZ31的综合力学性能提供重要的试验数据。

Pd/GNPs-CNTs催化剂的制备及甲醇电氧化性能

以石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)和碳纳米管(CNTs)的混合物为载体,利用微波辅助合成法制备Pd/GNPs-CNTs电催化剂,考察Pd在混合载体上的分散效果及电催化性能。结果表明,混合载体的使用改善了Pd粒子的分散性,提高了甲醇氧化反应的电流密度。同时甲醇氧化起始电位也发生了一定程度的负移,动力学性能得到改进。

Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Solar Salt-Based Phase Change Composites with Graphene Nanoplatelets

Thermal energy storage(TES) systems use solar energy despite its irregular availability and day-night temperature difference.Current work reports the thermal characterizations of solar salt-based phase change composites in the presence of graphene nanoplatelets(GNP).Solar salt(60:40 of NaNO_(3):KNO_(3)) possessing phase transition temperature and melting enthalpy of 221.01℃ and 134.58 kJ/kg is proposed as a phase change material(PCM) for high-temperature solar-based energy storage applications.Thermal conductivity must be improved to make them suitable for widespread applications and to close the gap between the system needs where they are employed.GNP is added at weight concentrations of 0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5% with solar salt using the ball milling method to boost its thermal conductivity.Morphological studies indicated the formation of a uniform surface of GNP on solar salt.FTIR spectrum peaks identified the physical interaction between salt and GNP.Thermal characterization of the composites,such as thermal conductivity,DSC and TGA was carried out for the samples earlier and later 300 thermal cycles.0.5% of GNP has improved the thermal conductivity of salt by 129.67% and after thermal cycling,the enhancement reduced to 125.21% indicating that thermal cycling has a minor impact on thermal conductivity.Phase change temperature decreased by around 2.32% in the presence of0.5% GNP and the latent heat reduced by 4.34% after thermal cycling.TGA thermograms depicted the composites initiated the weight loss at around 550℃ after which it was rapid.After thermal cycling,the weight loss initiated at ~40℃ lower compared to pure salt,which was found to be a minor change.Thermal characterization of solar salt and GNP-based solar salt composites revealed that the composites can be used for enhanced heat transfer in high-temperature solar-based heat transfer and energy storage applications.

PA6/CaCO3/GNPs导热复合材料制备及性能

以尼龙6(PA6)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)和石墨烯微片(GNPs)为主要原料,通过熔融共混法制备了不同GNPs含量的PA6/CaCO3/GNPs复合材料,采用激光导热仪、旋转流变仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜等仪器研究了复合材料的导热性能、流变性能、微观形貌、力学性能和导电性能。结果表明,当GNPs含量为9~12份时,复合材料出现导热逾渗现象;当GNPs含量为15份时,复合材料热导率达到1.21 W/(m·K),比纯PA6提高了426.1%。加入GNPs能够提高复合材料的储能模量和复数黏度,使熔体弹性响应增强,黏性耗散减小;当GNPs含量为12份时,Han曲线表明熔体由“类液”向“类固”发生转变,复合材料内部形成三维网络结构。加入CaCO3能够提高复合材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度;再加入GNPs后,复合材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度均出现不同程度降低。另外,实验范围内复合材料均保持着较好的电绝缘性。

Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) by Modified Hummers Method and Its Thermal Reduction to Obtain Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)

Over the span of years, improvements over various synthesis methods of graphene are constantly pursued to provide safer and more effective alternatives. Though the extraction of graphene through Hummers method is one of the oldest techniques yet it is one of the most suitable methods for the formation of bulk graphene. Graphene can be obtained in the form of reduced Graphite oxide, sometimes also referred as Graphene oxide. The effectiveness of this oxidation process can be evaluated by the magnitude of carbon/oxygen ratio of the obtained graphene. Here, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by oxidizing the purified natural flake graphite (NFG) by a modified Hummers method. The attempts have been made to synthesize GO having few layers by using a modified Hummers method where the amount of NaNO3 has been decreased, and the amount of KMnO4 is increased. The reaction has been performed in a 9:1 (by volume) mixture of H2SO4/H3PO4. This modification is successful in increasing the reaction yield and reducing the toxic gas evolution while using a varied proportion of KMnO4 and H2SO4 as those required by Hummers method. A new component of K2S2O8 has been introduced to the reaction system to maintain the pH value. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was thereafter extracted by thermal modification of GO. Here, GO has been used as a precursor for graphene synthesis by thermal reduction processes. The results of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analysis show that the NFG when oxidized by strong oxidants like KMnO4 and NaNO3, introduced oxygen atoms into the graphite layers and formed bonds like C=O, C-H, COOH and C-O-C with the carbon atoms in the graphite layers. The structure and morphology of both GO and rGO were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

球磨工艺对新型(TiC_(p)+GNPs)/Cu复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法与原位内生法结合制备了(TiC_(p)+GNPs)/Cu复合材料,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等研究了球磨时间、球磨速度以及球料比对(TiC_(p)+GNPs)/Cu复合材料微观组织、致密度、导电率以及硬度的影响。结果表明:当球磨时间为15 h、球磨速度为50 r/min、球料比为3∶1时,(TiC_(p)+GNPs)/Cu复合材料组织致密均匀,综合性能良好,导电率达到67.3%IACS,硬度达到71 HBW,致密度达到99.6%。微观组织观察表明:烧结过程中GNPs与Ti粉发生化学反应,在GNPs与Cu基体的界面处生成纳米级TiC_(p)颗粒,有助于进一步提高铜基复合材料的力学性能。