Porous high-entropy rare-earth phosphate(REPO_(4),RE=La,Sm,Eu,Ce,Pr and Gd)ceramics with excellent thermal insulation performance via pore structure tailoring

Thermal insulation materials play an increasingly important role in protecting mechanical parts functioning at high temperatures.In this study,a new porous high-entropy(La_(1/6)Ce_(1/6)Pr_(1/6)Sm_(1/6)Eu_(1/6)Gd_(1/6))PO_(4)(HE(6RE_(1/6))PO_(4))ceramics was prepared by combining the high-entropy method with the pore-forming agent method and the effect of different starch contents(0–60vol%)on this ceramic properties was systematically investigated.The results show that the porous HE(6RE_(1/6))PO_(4)ceramics with 60vol%starch exhibit the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.061 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)at room temperature and good pore structure stability with a linear shrinkage of approximately1.67%.Moreover,the effect of large regular spherical pores(>10μm)on its thermal insulation performance was discussed,and an optimal thermal conductivity prediction model was screened.The superior properties of the prepared porous HE(6RE_(1/6))PO_(4)ceramics allow them to be promising insulation materials in the future.

Effect of MnO2 on Properties of SiC-mullite Composite Ceramics for Solar Sensible Thermal Storage

For improving the properties of SiC-mullite composite ceramics used for solar sensible thermal storage, MnO2 was introduced as sintering additive when preparing. The composite ceramics were synthesized by using SiC, andalusite, a-Al2O3 as the starting materials with non-contact graphite-buried sintering method. Phase composition and microstructure of the composites were investigated by XRD and SEM, and the effect of MnOz on the properties of SiC composites was studied. Results indicated that samples SM1 with 0.2 wt% MnO2 addition achieved the optimum properties： bending strength of 70.96 MPa, heat capacity of 1.02 J.（g.K）-1, thermal conductivity of 9.05 W-（m.K）-1. Proper addition of MnO2 was found to weaken the volume effect of the composites and improve the thermal shock resistance with an increased rate of 27.84% for bending strength after 30 cycles of thermal shock （air cooling from 1 100 ℃ to RT）. Key words： SiC-mullite composite ceramics; MnO2; solar sensible thermal storage; non-contact graphite-buried sintering; thermal shock resistance

Phase analysis and thermal conductivity of in situ O′-sialon/β-Si_3N_4 composites

Typical O＇-sialon-based ceramics, with a formula of Si2-xAlxOl＋xN2-x, where x was set as 0.25, were fabricated by in-situ synthesis Si3N4, Al2O3, and SiO2 powders were used as raw materials, and MgO and Y2O3 were added as sintering additives. All the samples were sintered at different temperatures under a nitrogen pressure of 0.25-0.30 MPa, and their rnicrostructure, phase content, and thermal conductivity were evaluated. The effects of O＇-sialon and β-Si3N4 on the thermal conductivity were analyzed by numerical calculation in detail. In the case of the similar porosity, the thermal conductivity of O＇-sialon-based ceramics decreased with the ratio of O＇-sialon/β-Si3N4 increasing. When the ratio was 12, the thermal conductivity of O＇-sialon ceramics sintered at 1360℃ was 1.197 W.m-1.K-1.

Preparation and Characterization of Mullite-Silicon Carbide Heat Absorbing Ceramics for Solar Thermal Tower Plant

The in-situ synthesized mullite bonded SiC ceramics for solar thermal tower plant were prepared from Silicon carbide （SIC）, manufactured aluminum hydroxide （Al（OH）3） and Suzhou kaolin via semi-dry pressing and pressureless firing. The results indicate that sample B3 （designed mullite content 15 wt%） fired at 1 400 ℃ exhibited optimal performance with a bending strength of 97.41 MPa. Sample B3 can withstand 30-cycles thermal shock without cracking （wind cooling from 1 100 ℃ to room temperature）, and the bending strength after thermal shock decreased by 17.92%. When the service temperature is 600℃, the thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and heat capacity are 6.48× 10-2 cm：.s-1, 0.69 kJ·kg-1. K-1, 9.62 W·m-1·K-1 and 977.76 kJ·kg-1, respectively. The XRD and SEM results show that SiC, mullite, or-quartz, and tridymite are connected closely, which gives the material a good bending strength. After 30-time thermal shock cycles, the structure of samples becomes loose. SiC grains are intersectingly arranged with rodshape mullite, exhibiting a favorable thermal shock resistance. The addition of Al（OH）3 and Suzhou kaolin can accelerate the synthesis of mullite, thus to reduce the firing temperature effectively. The volume effect of tfidymite is relatively small, improving the thermal shock resistance of materials. A higher designed muUite content yields a lower loss rate of bending strength. The mullite content should not be more than 15 wt% or else the bending strength would be diminished.

Hollow glass microspheres/silicone rubber composite materials toward materials for high performance deep in-situ temperaturepreserved coring

Deep petroleum resources are stored under high temperature and pressure conditions,with the temperature having a significant influence on the properties of rocks.Deep in-situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-coring)devices were developed to assess deep petroleum reserves accurately.Herein,hollow glass microspheres(HGMs)/silicone rubber(SR)composites that exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties were prepared as thermal insulation materials for deep ITP-coring devices.The mechanism and process of heat transfer in the composites were explored,as well as their other properties.The results show that the HGMs exhibit good compatibility with the SR matrix.When the volume fraction of the HGMs is increased to 50%,the density of the HGMs/SR composites is reduced from 0.97 to 0.56 g/cm^(3).The HGMs filler introduces large voids into the composites,reducing their thermal conductivity to 0.11 W/m·K.The addition of HGMs into the composites further enhances the thermal stability of the SR,wherein the higher the HGMs filler content,the better the thermal stability of the composites.HGMs significantly enhance the mechanical strength of the SR.HGMs increase the compressive strength of the composites by 828%and the tensile strength by 164%.Overall,HGMs improve the thermal insulation,pressure resistance,and thermal stability of HGMs/SR composites.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiC Composite Ceramics for Solar Heat Absorber

Al_(2)O_(3)/SiC composite ceramics were prepared fromα-Al_(2)O_(3) and SiC by a pressureless sinter method in this study.The effect of SiC contents on the mechanic properties,phase compositions and microstructure is studied.Experimental results show that the vickers hardness,wear resistance and thermal conductivity of the samples increase with the increase in the SiC content,and the hardness of the sample reaches 16.22 GPa,and thermal conductivity of the sample reaches 25.41 W/(m.K)at room temperature when the SiC content is 20 wt%(B5)and the sintering temperature is at 1640℃.Higher hardness means higher scour resistance,and it indicates that the B5 material is expected to be used for the solar heat absorber of third generation solar thermal generation.The results indicate the mechanism of improving mechanical properties of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiC composite ceramics:SiC plays a role in grain refinement that the grain of SiC inhibits the grain growth of Al_(2)O_(3),while the addition of SiC changes the fracture mode from the intergranular to the intergranular-transgranular.

Preparation and Thermal Properties of a Novel Modified Ammonium Alum/Expanded Graphite Composite Phase Change Material

Thermal energy storage(TES)using phase change materials(PCMs)is a powerful solution to the improvement of energy efficiency.The application of Ammonium alum(A-alum,NH4Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O)in the latent thermal energy storage(LTES)systems is hampered due to its high supercooling and low thermal conductivity.In this work,modified A-alum(M-PCM)containing different nucleating agents was prepared and further adsorbed in expanded graphite(EG)to obtain composite phase change material(CPCM)to overcome the disadvantages of A-alum.Thermal properties,thermal cycle stability,microstructure and chemical compatibility of CPCM were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry,thermal constant analysis,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The cold rewarming phenomenon of CPCM was established and explained.Results showed that the latent heat and melting point of CPCM were 187.22 J/g and 91.54℃,respectively.The supercooling of CPCM decreased by 9.61℃,and thermal conductivity increased by 27 times compared with pure A-alum.Heat storage and release tests indicated that 2 wt%calcium chloride dihydrate(CCD,CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O)was the optimum nucleating agent for A-alum.The result of TG and 30 thermal cycles revealed that CPCM exhibited favorable thermal stability and reliability during the operating temperature.The prepared modified A-alum/EG CPCM has a promising application prospect for LTES.

Study on Squeeze Casting Metal-zirconium Composite Die Material by Hot Press Sintering

ZrO_(2)-5CrMnMo composite samples were prepared by hot press sintering.When NiCoCrAlY powders were used as the bonding layer and the different mixtures of NiCoCrAlY alloy and 3YSZ (3mol% yttria stabilized zirconia) ceramic powders were used as the transition layers,the connection between zirconia ceramic and 5CrMnMo steel were strengthened.Three composite samples with different structures were fabricated by heat spraying and hot press sintering.Shear and thermal shock cycle tests were conducted to characterize connection strength and thermal shock resistance of these samples.The shear strength reached 95.69 MPa,and the heating shock cycles achieved to the maximum value of 27.7 times.Microstructures and connection interfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.The hardness and wearing resistance of 3YSZ coat and 5CrMnMo substrate were compared,and the heat insulation property of composite samples were also discussed.It is shown that these composite materials fabricated in this research are benefited to be used as squeeze casting dies.

Influence of materials’hygric properties on the hygrothermal performance of internal thermal insulation composite systems

Internal thermal insulation composite system(ITICS)can be an important measure for the energy-saving retrofitting of buildings.However,ITICS may cause harmful effects on the hygrothermal performance of building envelopes.This work investigated the influence of the materials’hygric properties on the hygrothermal perfor-mance of a typical ITICS in different climate conditions in China.Two base wall materials,the traditional concrete and a new type aerated concrete,were tested and compared for their hygric properties firstly.The influence of the hygroscopicity of exterior plasters,the permeability of insulation materials and the climate conditions were then analyzed with WUFI simulations.The hygrothermal performance was evaluated with consideration of the total water content(TWC)of the walls and the moisture flux strength,the relative humidity(RH)and the mould growth risk at the interface between the base wall and the insulation layer(B-I interface).The numerical analysis implies that the TWC of internal insulated walls depends mainly on the hygroscopicity of exterior plaster and the wind-driven rain intensity.The upper limits for the water absorption coefficient of exterior plasters used in Bei-jing,Shanghai and Fuzhou are 1e-9,1e-10,1e-10 m^(2)/s respectively.When such limits are guaranteed,a vapour tight system created by using insulation materials with a large vapour resistance factor or adding a vapour barrier can improve the hygrothermal performance of ITICS,especially for concrete walls in cold climate.

真空绝热板芯材的研究进展与展望

随着我国经济的迅速发展和人们对生活水平的要求越来越高,节能减排对实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的目标显得越来越重要。真空绝热板(vacuum insolation panels,VIP)是一种新型的高效保温隔热材料,其中,芯材作为VIP的核心和骨架结构,不仅承担着支撑作用,而且是板内热量传递的主要通道,对保证VIP的保温性能具有关键作用。基于此,本文首先重点介绍了真空绝热板在绿色建筑和冷链物流领域应用的意义,明确了目前制约真空绝热板领域发展的关键问题;随后综述了真空绝热板芯材的研究现状和进展,比对了不同种类芯材(颗粒类芯材、泡沫类芯材、纤维类芯材、生物质材料类芯材和复合类芯材)在原料来源、保温性能、生产工艺及环境保护方面的优劣,将绿色、可再生的生物质基材料用作真空绝热板芯材进行了对比探讨;最后对真空绝热板芯材未来的研究方向和发展前景进行了总结和展望。本文指出,传统以玻璃纤维、有机泡沫或者气相二氧化硅为芯材的真空绝热板,存在生产成本高、不可再生、难降解、污染环境等问题,所以通过功能化手段获得新型、绿色、低成本、具有良好微观孔隙结构和高热阻的芯材是制约真空绝热板发展的关键。生物质材料具有来源广泛、成本低廉、绿色环保、孔隙结构丰富等优点,是一种极具潜力的VIP芯材原料,也将是真空绝热板芯材的重要研究方向。因此,生物质基芯材真空绝热板未来的发展还需进一步拓宽其原料来源、改善制备方法和工艺、明确老化和使役性能、关注复合芯材的开发,不断提高VIP的性能,扩展其应用领域。

石墨膜/铝复合材料制备工艺与性能研究

将石墨膜和铝箔以铺层的形式交替排布,采用真空热压烧结技术制备石墨膜/铝复合材料,研究真空热压烧结参数对复合材料微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明:石墨膜在复合材料中分布均匀,符合预期构型设计;真空热压烧结参数对复合材料微观组织影响显著,优化后的制备工艺参数为640℃/50 MPa/100 min,该条件下制备的复合材料界面结合良好,致密度高,没有检测到Al_(4)C_(3)相;随着石墨膜体积分数的增加,复合材料面内热导率呈现先增加后下降的趋势,石墨膜体积分数为30%时,复合材料面内热导率最大,为219.71 W/(m·K)。

聚苯乙烯颗粒泡沫混凝土保温复合材料

本文针对传统建筑保温材料高能耗等缺点,从建筑节能思想出发,以导热系数和抗压强度作为主要技术指标,综述了聚苯乙烯颗粒泡沫混凝土保温复合材料的相关研究,希望为建筑的节能设计提供一些帮助。

埃洛石-二氧化锆改性聚磷腈橡胶基复合材料高温烧蚀行为和原位陶瓷化反应

聚磷腈橡胶(PDPP)具有优异的阻燃性、热稳定性和高残炭率,是一种潜在的制备耐烧蚀绝热层的橡胶基体。为提高PDPP复合材料的耐烧蚀性,以埃洛石(HAL)和二氧化锆(ZrO_(2))为陶瓷化填料制备了HAL-ZrO_(2)-PDPP基复合材料,研究了这种混合陶瓷化体系对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性和烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,HAL和ZrO_(2)陶瓷化填料对PDPP复合材料的拉伸力学性能和热稳定性无明显影响;含5 phr HAL和15 phr ZrO_(2)的PDPP复合材料拉伸强度为4.57 MPa,断裂伸长率为104.4%,经氧乙炔烧蚀后的线烧蚀率为0.060 mm/s,相较于单独使用HAL和ZrO_(2)分别提高了43.4%和33.2%。XPD和XPS结果表明,PDPP橡胶基体热解后的残炭分别与SiO_(2)和ZrO_(2)发生了生成SiC和ZrC的原位陶瓷化反应。在烧蚀过程中,低熔点陶瓷化填料熔融将基体热解形成的炭层与高熔点陶瓷粘结,使之成为含陶瓷-玻璃-热解炭复相结构的致密且具有一定强度的类陶瓷层,对提高复合材料的耐烧蚀性有积极作用。

先进绝缘材料电场辅助性能调控及制备研究进展

电工材料作为电工装备的基础,其特性直接决定极限运行参数,开发具有新功能、高性能的先进电工材料有助于电工装备挑战更高参数极限。受学科发展战略引导、重大科学问题启发,该文从电场辅助制备的物理机制、几类典型绝缘材料性能调控及制备机理等方面综述了电场辅助先进绝缘材料性能调控及制备的研究进展。首先,总结电场辅助制备电工材料的物理理论,详细阐述电泳、介电泳、自组装等机械效应和焦耳热、弛豫损耗等能量效应的机理。其次,以机械效应为主探讨电场辅助在以智能绝缘材料、导热绝缘材料、高密度储能材料、纤维增强材料和介电功能梯度材料为代表的先进绝缘材料性能调控领域的应用现状;以能量效应为主探讨电场辅助在热塑(固)性聚合物熔融(固化)、功能陶瓷快速烧结领域的研究进展。最后,对先进绝缘材料电场辅助性能调控及制备研究趋势进行展望,可为革新电工材料制造工艺、开拓传统高电压学科研究新方向提供一定理论参考。

不同配比下MWCNTs和H-BN改性PVB新型复合材料导热特性分析

采用溶液共混法制备了以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)、六方氮化硼(H-BN)为填料,以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)为基底的新型复合材料,通过瞬态电热技术研究了不同填料配比、不同环境温度下复合材料的导热性能。实验结果表明,随着环境温度从290K降低到10K,复合材料的热导率逐渐降低;复合材料的热导率随着MWCNTs含量的增加先增大后减小,且当MWCNTs和H-BN的质量分数比例为5∶5时导热系数达到最大值,是纯PVB的两倍。

包载型聚丙烯腈/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维制备及其隔热性能

针对传统气凝胶纤维后处理操作复杂、加工不稳定等问题,且为有效集成纳米气凝胶与纳米纤维功能和结构优势,本文围绕新型气凝胶复合纳米纤维成形与结构调控的关键难题,利用溶液喷射同轴纺丝技术将聚丙烯腈(PAN)与SiO_(2)气凝胶通过一步法制备PAN/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维,研究了复合纳米纤维中SiO_(2)气凝胶质量浓度对纤维形态结构、稳定性、孔径分布、隔热性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的PAN/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维形态结构上呈三维卷曲状,SiO_(2)气凝胶的引入使纤维表面形成多孔褶皱型结构,且纤维表面的微孔、介孔含量随SiO_(2)气凝胶质量浓度的增加逐渐增多;该气凝胶复合纳米纤维具有优异的隔热性能,当SiO_(2)气凝胶质量浓度为6 mg/mL时,PAN/SiO_(2)气凝胶复合纳米纤维在40℃的导热系数低至0.03738 W/(m·K),未来在服用保暖、工业隔热、军用热红外屏蔽等方面具有广阔的应用前景。

气凝胶复合材料在干式潜水服内胆隔热性能提升中的应用

为提升干式潜水服内胆的隔热性能,并探究气凝胶复合材料在潜水服内胆中的水下应用潜力。选择絮片型、发泡型及非织造布型气凝胶复合材料,采用绗缝工艺技术模拟材料在水下的受压状态,研究其在压缩状态下的隔热性能,然后,制作潜水服内胆,通过暖体假人实验及真人水下实验测试其隔热性能。结果表明,絮片型气凝胶复合材料的水下适用性优于絮片型新雪丽棉;发泡型及非织造布型气凝胶复合材料的热阻受压强影响小,也较适用于水下环境;在真人实验过程中,潜水员的核心温度始终大于37℃,证明所研制的气凝胶复合材料内胆具有良好的水下隔热效果。研究结果可为受压环境下防护服隔热材料的应用方法提供指导建议。

基于钒钛磁铁矿尾矿的发泡陶瓷制备及性能研究

攀西地区铁尾矿的大量堆积严重污染了当地的生态环境。固废基发泡陶瓷吸波材料在解决铁尾矿堆积问题的基础上,推进了发泡陶瓷在吸波材料领域的应用。通过正交试验探索了烧结温度、保温时间和发泡剂掺量对发泡陶瓷物理性能的影响,并综合分析得出优选烧结方案:烧结温度为1190℃,保温时间为60 min,发泡剂掺量为质量分数0.3%。依照此方案制备的发泡陶瓷体积密度为0.23 g/cm^(3),体积吸水率为0.76%,抗压强度为0.73 MPa,导热系数为0.06 W/(m·K),孔隙率为89.89%。在正交试验制定的工艺基础上,探索了试样厚度对发泡陶瓷吸波性能的影响。研究结果表明:在烧结温度1170℃,吸波剂掺量为质量分数30%时,厚度为15 mm的发泡陶瓷吸波性能最优,在0.5~18 GHz的频率范围内反射损耗降低至-28.58 dB,显示出2.35 GHz的有效吸收带宽。该研究为钒钛磁铁矿尾矿的资源化利用和发泡陶瓷在吸波材料方面的运用提供了参考。

3D打印隔热材料研究进展

3D打印技术能够实现面向性能的设计以及非常规结构的制造,其在隔热领域的应用可以使材料具有更加精细、可控、定制化的结构与功能。当前,3D打印隔热材料技术仍处于快速迭代期,打印材料、结构设计和制造工艺等技术瓶颈尚待突破。本文对3D打印隔热材料的现状进行了综述,简要分析了在隔热材料制造方面较有前景的3D打印工艺,对比了各工艺的优缺点以及适用的材料类型,着重讨论了3D打印陶瓷、发泡混凝土、泡沫塑料和气凝胶材料在隔热领域的研究进展,最后总结了目前面临的技术挑战和未来的主要发展方向。

Al_(2)O_(3)粒度对CA_(6)轻质陶瓷材料结构与性能的影响

为研究Al_(2)O_(3)粒度对CA_(6)轻质陶瓷材料结构与性能的影响,本文以平均粒径分别为80、61、45和38μm的α-Al_(2)O_(3)为氧化铝源,以平均粒径为15μm的轻质碳酸钙为氧化钙源,采用发泡法结合原位烧成工艺,经1550℃保温5 h烧成后获得CA_(6)轻质陶瓷材料,研究不同粒度的Al_(2)O_(3)原料对其物相组成、显微结构和物理性能的影响。结果表明:随着α-Al_(2)O_(3)粒度的减小,CA_(6)轻质陶瓷的线收缩率、体积密度和热导率逐渐变小,显气孔率增大,压缩强度呈先增大后减小的趋势。综合考虑,以平均粒径为45μm的α-Al_(2)O_(3)为氧化铝源所制试样的综合性能较佳,更能满足使用需求,其显气孔率、热导率和压缩强度分别为87.8%、0.149 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)和0.29 MPa。