The Regional Climate Effects of Replacing Farmland and Re-greening the Desertification Lands with Forest or Grass in West China

The West Development Policy being implemented in China causes significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes in West China, of which the two most important types of LULC change are replacing farmland and re-greening the desertification land with forest or grass. This paper modifies the prevailing regional climate model (RCM) by updating its lower boundary conditions with the up-to-date satellite database of the Global Land Cover Characteristics Database (GLCCD) created by the United States Geological Survey and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The modified RCM is used to simulate the possible regional climate changes due to the LULC variations. The preliminary results can be summarized as that the two main types of LULC variation, replacing farmland and greening the desertification lands with forest or grass in west China, will affect the regional climate mostly in northwest and north China, where the surface temperature will decrease and the precipitation will increase. The regional climate adjustments in South, Southwest China and on the Tibet Plateau are uncertain.

Construction of Forest and Grass Industry Economic Belt Using Land Resources in Road Side Slope

The construction of expressway and high-speed rail is at the sacrifice of the soil ecological environment. It brings about much damaged land and bare slope. It is necessary to restore vegetation and rebuild landscape. In the design of target plant community and configuration plants,it is required to select as far as possible plants that can blossom and bear fruit or pods. Then seeds of these plants can be harvested,processed and sold,and applied for other projects,so as to develop into a complete forest and grass seed industry chain. This not only reasonably utilizes land resources,but also provides a new approach to the problem of insufficient fine forest seed sources in China. This paper discussed the use of land resources in road side slope and forest and grass seed selection and breeding technology,and elaborated the industrialized development paths for forest and grass seed industries in road side slope. Finally,it arrived at following recommendations.( i) The construction of forest and grass industry economic belt using land resources in road side slope can realize maximum land value. Building a road can help people there get rich,and the type of land and water cultivates its type of forest and grass.( ii) It can make up for the losses incurred from construction of expressway and high-speed rail or destroying forest land,and it can increase farmers' income.( iii) It can increase the supply of domestic seeds,reduce seed import,save foreign exchange,and partly solve the problem of insufficient supply of forest and grass seeds.( iv) It is able to form a complete forest and grass seed industry economic cycle chain,increase employment,and provide new approaches for enriching and benefiting farmers.

Infiltration pattern beneath shrub canopy and interspace grass patches in typical steppe ecosystems of Inner Mongolia, China

Water is the most critical factor for controlling die vegetation pattern in arid and semiarid regions.Using a dye-tracing experiment,we analyzed the infiltration pattern beneath shrub canopy and interspace grass patches in typical steppe ecosystems.The dye coverage,uniform infiltration depth,maximum infiltration depth,total stained area and heterogeneous infiltration stained area were measured by two indices,the maximum infiltration depth index(MIDI)and heterogeneous infiltration index(HII),which were calculated by processing dye-stained photos.The MIDI and HII of soil under shrubs were 1.41±0.14 and 0.29±0.068,respectively,and larger than those of grass soil,1.26±0.14 and0.20±0.076.Using the MIDI,HII,field soil moisture and rainfall data,the infiltration depth and heterogeneous infiltration amount for 26 nature rainfall events were calculated.The results imply that water can infiltrate to a deeper layer beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches and that more water infiltration occurs beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches.These results are of prime importance for arid and semiarid ecosystems with a limited water supply due to high evaporation and low precipitation.

Seasonal Patterns of Soil Respiration in Three Types of Communities along Grass-Desert Shrub Transition in Inner Mongolia, China

The seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in steppe （S. bungeana）, desert shrub （A. ordosica）, and shrubperennial （A. ordosica ＋C. komarovii） communities were investigated during the growth season （May to October） in 2006; their environmental driving factors were also analyzed. In the three communities, soil respiration showed similar characteristics in their growth seasons, with peak respiration values in July and August owing to suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions during this period. Meanwhile, changes in soil respiration were greatly influenced by temperatures and surface soil moistures. Soil water content at a depth of 0 to 10 cm was identified as the key environmental factor affecting the variation in soil respiration in the steppe. In contrast, in desert shrub and shrub-perennial communities, the dynamics of soil respiration was significantly influenced by air temperature. Similarly, the various responses of soil respiration to environmental factors may be attributed to the different soil textures and distribution patterns of plant roots. In desert ecosystems, precipitation results in soil respiration pulses. Soil carbon dioxide （CO2） effluxes greatly increased after rainfall rewetting in all of the ecosystems under study. However, the precipitation pulse effect differed across the ecosystem. We propose that this may be a result of a reverse effect from the soil texture.

Importance of Comprehensive Ecological Restoration of Mountains,Rivers,Forests,Farmland,Lakes and Grass:A Case Study of the Shichuan River

With China's economic development and population growth,China's ecological environment continues to deteriorate.The comprehensive ecosystem restoration of the Shichuan River aims to build an ecosystem containing"mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes and grass"by determining scientific and reasonable thickness of foreign soil,pollution restoration,ecological reconstruction,safeguard measures,etc.It brings new vitality to local ecological environment remodeling and economic development.

Eco-environment Restoration and Regional Differentiation Characteristics Based on “Building Terrace and Returning Slope Farmland to Forests and Grass”

Based on the scientific and technological achievements in the past decade in the Loess Hilly-gully Region and the successful demonstration experience in Yan'an Yangou watershed, we summarize the characteristics of eco-environment restoration pattern based on "building terrace and returning slope farmland to forests and grass". According to the data on land use, slope farmland and the agricultural population in 1999, we calculate the area of new terrace that needs to be built, the area of garden plot that needs to be extended, vegetation restoration area and investment demand in counties (cities, districts). Establishing and using some indicators, such as basic farmland extension indicator, garden plot extension indicator, vegetation restoration index and investment demand density, we conduct type classification and analysis of regional differentiation characteristics in 55 counties (cities, districts). The results show that in the Loess Hilly-gully Region, 691 600 hm2 of new terrace needs to be built, 792 000 hm2 of economic forests and orchards need to be extended, 5 410 200 hm2 of vegetation needs to be restored, and the total investment demand is 15.82 billion yuan; in terms of geographical distribution, obviously there are two key areas for eco-environment restoration (one is located in the border area between northern Shaanxi and northwestern Shanxi, and the other is located in the eastern Gansu and southern Ningxia area); the classified regional guidance policies should be formulated as soon as possible, and the limited funds should be concentrated in the key areas.

中国式现代化视域下习近平生态文明思想整体系统观及其方法论

党的十八大以来,在推进中国式现代化建设的伟大征程中,以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持系统观念,基于对西方现代化道路的深刻反思和对自然界作为有机系统整体的精准认识,赓续与拓新马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化关于人与自然真实图景的系统辩证思想,形成和确立了丰富完备、逻辑严密的习近平生态文明思想整体系统观。秉持山水林田湖草沙是生命共同体的系统理念,这一整体系统观锚定生态文明建设和环境治理的目标任务,坚持推进中国式现代化生态文明建设与环境治理的系统层级观,坚持共同体构架的国内外合作治理的系统联动机制,对其内核“是什么”的问题作了精要而又深邃的回答。习近平生态文明思想层层追问中国式现代化生态文明建设之道,彰显了其整体系统思维在回答生态文明建设根本性问题上的强大方法论功能;以系统工程方式“全方位全地域全过程”推进生态文明建设与环境治理的全面系统展开,立体呈现了习近平生态文明思想整体系统观鲜明的方法论特质,为中国式现代化新征程上全面推进美丽中国建设提供了科学思想方法,开拓了中国式现代化恢宏壮丽的生态篇章。

毛乌素沙地3种人工灌木林林下植物群落特征及其与林分因子的关系

为探究不同人工灌木林林下植物群落的特征及其与林分因子的相互关系,以毛乌素沙地羊柴、沙柳和小叶锦鸡儿3种人工灌木林群落为研究对象,通过群落调查,分析不同人工林林下草本群落的物种多样性、盖度、地上生物量及其与灌木林林分因子的相互关系。结果显示:在3种人工灌木林样地中,共记录草本植物47种,隶属于15科38属,其中以菊科、禾本科、豆科和藜科的植物种类尤为丰富。不同人工林林下植物种数量从小到大依次为羊柴人工林<沙柳人工林<小叶锦鸡儿人工林,多年生草本植物种类明显高于1 a生植物,水分生态类型主要以旱生植物为主。林下草本层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数在不同人工林之间存在显著差异;其中小叶锦鸡儿灌木林林下的草本层盖度和地上生物量最高,而沙柳灌木林的物种多样性则相对较低。对毛乌素沙地3种典型人工灌木林林下草本群落的特征分析结果表明,林分因子对林下草本群落的结构和特征产生显著影响。研究结果可为沙地植被恢复和生物多样性保护提供科学依据。

山水林田湖草沙系统治理与水土保持高质量发展

[目的]中国水土流失治理已由“全面治理,重点治理”迈向“系统治理,攻坚克难”的新阶段。分析山水林田湖草沙系统治理的内涵、准则及其与水土保持的关系,旨在丰富新时代水土保持理论体系,引领水土保持高质量发展。[方法]在长期理论探索和实践验证的基础上,梳理山水林田湖草沙系统治理理念的发展过程,阐明其内涵、目标与实践准则。[结果]水土流失长期治理实践总结提升形成的以小流域为单元的综合治理技术路线是山水林田湖草沙生命共同体系统思想最朴素的实践体现。小流域综合治理的系统性主要体现为治理对象的系统协调,总体布局的系统统筹,治理措施的系统考量,治理成效的多效益兼顾,实施和管理的多部门协同和多主体参与的共治共享6个方面。水土保持高质量发展实践需要遵循的基于系统治理理念的具体举措包括:利用系统思维理解水土保持高质量发展的内涵和要求,精准诊断山水林田湖草沙系统短板及其控制性要素,构建山水林田湖草沙多层次全方位立体化防控体系,构筑完备的水土保持管理与技术保障体系。[结论]在新的历史时期,应该完整准确理解并全面贯彻落实山水林田湖草沙系统治理的理念,探索整体提升水土保持学术研究水平和治理效能的新路径、新模式、新机制。同时应结合区域或流域实际,对农田、水利、牧业、林业及生产建设活动进行全面综合系统的规划和治理,推动水土保持高质量发展。

数字林草赋能风景园林人才培养的逻辑转向与实践路径

林草系统作为稳定国家生态安全的重要绿地基础,能够提升数字林草系统监测和保护的效率与质量,还能有效推进生态文明建设和可持续发展。风景园林专业作为林草科技创新人才培养的重要载体,面临着教学结构固化、产教融合不足等问题,急需抓住数字林草技术创新的契机弥合人才缺口。因此,本文提出了数字林草赋能风景园林人才培养的创新模式和实施路径,以数字技术为基础,开拓“数字”新思路,引导“资源”共享,探索“剧本”方案,促进产学研协同和劳动教育与创新创业教育的融合。数字林草赋能育人模式旨在培养出具有创新能力和实践技能的高素质风景园林人才,为数字林草技术的持续创新和生态环境的可持续发展做出重要贡献。

乡村振兴战略下涉农高职院校“三农”人才队伍建设探索——以咸阳职业技术学院为例

乡村振兴是中国全面建设社会主义现代化国家的重要保障,具有深远的意义和重大价值。为全面服务乡村振兴工作,充分发挥涉农高职院校在我国乡村振兴工作中的服务功能,笔者基于咸阳职业技术学院近年来林草产业项目在推动“三农”人才队伍建设方面发挥的示范和带动作用,阐述该校为科学高效服务地方“三农”发展,在乡村振兴战略背景下基于“三农”人才队伍建设所做的尝试和探索,以期为“三农”人才队伍建设提供一定的理论参考和实践借鉴。

猫儿山三种森林类型林下植物叶片与土壤化学计量特征

为探究猫儿山不同森林类型林下植物叶片与土壤化学计量特征,揭示其林下植物适应策略。该文对猫儿山针阔混交林(ZK)、常绿阔叶次生林(CLC)和常绿阔叶林(CL)林下草本层和灌木层主要植物叶片与土壤的化学元素含量进行测定,分析其化学计量特征及其相互之间的内在联系。结果表明:(1)从总体上看,草本层和灌木层植物叶片的C、N含量差异不显著,草本层植物叶片P、K含量极显著高于灌木层,N∶P显著低于灌木层;草本层植物更易受N限制,灌木层植物更易受P限制且其N和P利用效率更高;不同森林类型之间的灌木层植物叶片化学计量差异不显著,草本层植物叶片N含量、C∶N和C∶P差异显著,针阔混交林草本层植物的养分利用效率较高。(2)3种森林类型的土壤C、N含量显示,CL>CLC>ZK且彼此之间差异极显著,针阔混交林土壤的P含量最高而C∶P、N∶P最低。(3)针阔混交林的土壤显著影响林下植物部分叶片化学计量,另外2种森林类型的土壤影响不显著。综上认为,猫儿山不同森林类型的土壤化学计量存在显著或极显著差异,林下不同层次的植物对营养元素的需求以及环境适应策略不同;针阔混交林土壤对林下植物叶片化学计量影响较强,由于有机质分解效率较低导致土壤受N限制,因此应加强针阔混交林的N素管理。该研究结果为森林管理提供了数据支持。

中国多元林草原料生物质资源分布及醇类利用指标分析

中国林草原料资源丰富,对其分布的整理不仅有助于推动林草原料的综合利用,也有助于解决林草废弃物带来的环境问题。因此,该研究根据中国大陆地区的地理经纬度,对全国范围内的代表性林草原料进行了分区梳理,并筛选出了各地区的优势林草作物。对多元林草原料的分布与组成特性,水分、挥发分、纤维素含量、半纤维素含量、C元素含量、O元素含量、热值等进行了共性和个性指标的整理,确定了多元林草原料组成与结构分析的数据库检索字段。华东地区甜菜并不适宜作为生物质醇类利用中林草原料,氧元素含量较其他林草原料高出46%,玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆中O元素含量较低,适宜作为生物质醇类利用中林草原料;大豆中纤维素含量明显较低,比其他林草原料低40%,西南地区玉米秸秆高于其他林草原料;西北地区黑麦草和华东地区华南地区甘蔗的比热容值较高,在3.2~4.8 J/(kg·K),其他能源草比热容值多处于0.8~2.4 J/(kg·K)。深入分析各地区代表性林草原料作为醇类利用的指标,探讨多元林草原料的物理性质、化学组成、工业组成、元素组成以及醇类利用潜力的差异性、变异性和相关性。该研究为中国多元林草醇类利用提供了重要的基础支撑和数据参考。

喀斯特石漠化区林草间作对土壤养分及微生物数量的影响

林草间作具有水源涵养、提高土壤肥力和增加生物多样性等多重优势,是喀斯特石漠化区生态恢复较为理想的模式之一。为了探讨林草间作对喀斯特石漠化区土壤养分和微生物数量的影响,在贵州省关岭县板贵乡选择花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)+拉巴豆(Dolichos lablab)间作、花椒+雀稗(Paspalum thunbergii)间作及单作花椒3种模式开展研究。结果表明:与花椒单作相比,土壤中有机质、全氮、速效钾、碱解氮含量均有所增加,土壤pH降低,土壤微生物数量增加,其中真菌数量显著增加(P<0.05)。0-10 cm土壤中有效磷含量显著降低(P<0.05),而10-20 cm土壤中有效磷增加。相关性分析表明,0-10 cm土壤中细菌数量与有效磷含量显著负相关(P<0.05),真菌数量与有机质含量极显著正相关(P<0.05),与全氮、有效磷含量显著正相关(P<0.05),与pH显著负相关(P<0.05);10-20 cm土壤中细菌数量与速效钾含量显著正相关(P<0.05),真菌数量与pH显著负相关(P<0.05)。说明在喀斯特石漠化地区花椒和牧草构成的林草间作生态恢复模式在提高土壤养分、增加微生物数量方面有积极作用。

不同植被模式对矿山废弃地表层土壤性质的影响

为揭示露天矿山废弃地不同原生植被对地表土壤的影响规律,探索其适宜的植被恢复模式,选取山东省泰安市东平县金山矿区“狗牙根(G)”“酸枣+狗牙根(SG)”“酸枣+荆条+狗牙根(SJG)”“臭椿+榆树+酸枣+狗牙根(CYSG)”4种植被模式为研究对象,并以裸地为对照,测定土壤密度、土壤持水量、孔隙度等土壤物理参数和有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等土壤养分指标,运用主成分分析和模糊数学隶属函数方法,综合评价不同植被模式对其表层土壤的影响。结果表明:1)植被模式对露天矿山废弃地的土壤水分物理特征影响明显,土壤含水量和孔隙度与裸地相比均出现不同程度的增加,表现为SJG>CYSG>SG>G,土壤密度与裸地相比显著降低,表现为SJG<CYSG<SG<G。2)植被模式下土壤养分相较于裸地均有不同程度的增加,其中土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量的大小顺序为SJG>CYSG>SG>G,土壤全磷与有效磷含量的大小顺序为CYSG>SJG>SG>G。植被混交模式对矿山废弃地土壤水分物理与土壤养分的影响优于裸地与单一植被模式,不同植被模式的综合改良效果为SJG>CYSG>SG>G。

大娄山典型林分灌木地上载量影响因子及预测模型

【目的】灌木作为森林可燃物中的重要组成部分,其载量对森林垂直方向燃烧及极端火发生可能性有重要影响,西南林区作为我国第二大林区,年均火灾次数位于全国前列。调查该区域典型林分灌木载量,分析其影响因素,并建立预测模型,对于该地区预防森林火灾和林火管理工作具有重要意义。【方法】本研究以大娄山6种典型林分内灌木为研究对象,通过野外布设并调查基本信息,进行野外实验及室内实验,获得灌木地上干、枝、叶及总载量,得到其影响因子并分别建立预测模型。【结果】1)对相同林型不同标准地进行研究,马尾松林灌木枝载量及柏树林灌木叶载量均有显著差异,阔叶混交林灌木枝、叶载量具有显著差异,且干载量及总载量具有极显著差异;不同林型之间灌木干、枝、叶及总载量之间无显著差异。2)同一林型内灌木干、枝、叶及总载量与平均树高、平均地径、平均高、平均胸径、林分密度、坡度、海拔等均有相关性(相关性逐渐减弱);不同林型内灌木干、枝、叶及总载量与平均地径、平均树高、平均胸径、平均高、坡度、平均冠幅等均有相关性(相关性逐渐减弱)。3)建立模型:杉木林灌木干、枝载量模型及灌木林灌木干、枝、总载量模型(R2=0.998)拟合效果最好,马尾松林枝载量模型拟合效果最差(R^(2)=0.318)。【结论】通过本研究,为大娄山地区典型林分内灌木载量调查提供了基础数据和方法,对于森林火险预报和森林火灾风险普查中可燃物载量调查具有重要意义。

赛罕乌拉林草交错区典型生态系统土壤理化性质对比

为分析退耕林地、自然草地、农田3种植被管理方式对土壤理化性质的影响,识别不同植被修复模式下土壤理化性质的差异,本研究以内蒙古赛罕乌拉林草交错区自然草地、退耕林地、农田3种典型植被类型为研究对象,通过对比分析3种植被类型下0 cm、10 cm、20 cm、40 cm、60 cm深度土壤容重、含水量、粒径比等物理属性以及全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾养分元素含量,结合元素含量之间的相关性分析,结果发现:1)农田土壤存在明显的犁底层,犁底层之下养分元素含量迅速下降;2)草地土壤pH值低、有机碳含量高,农田pH值最高、有机碳含量低,退耕林地浅层土壤有机碳含量少,其土壤理化性质呈现出居于农田与自然草地之间的特征;3)农田土壤除速效磷、全钾等指标高于自然草地外,其他养分含量均低于自然草地。本研究表明,自然草地、退耕林地和农田是在相同土壤母质基础上,因经营管理方式差异而产生的土壤理化性质差异,草地的有机质含量最高、农田最低,土壤有机碳含量对于其他养分元素含量具有关键作用。因此,林草交错区生态系统固碳功能对于防风固沙等其他生态功能发挥具有决定作用,退耕还草有利于土壤养分元素的恢复,退耕还林工程还应注重林冠下方草本灌木生物量及物种多样性的恢复。

黄河中游典型流域林草生境适宜性及提质潜力评价

[目的]为定量评价黄河中游复杂下垫面典型流域的林草生境适宜性及提质潜力。[方法]综合地理探测器、空间分析、数理统计等多种方法,构建三川河流域林草生境适宜性评价指标体系及评价方法,评价流域现状土地利用条件下的林草适宜度及其提质潜力。[结果](1)三川河流域影响林地适宜分布的主导因子包括光合有效辐射分量、海拔、土壤侵蚀强度和土壤类型等,影响草地适宜分布的主导因子包括海拔、光合有效辐射分量、土壤类型和土壤湿度等。(2)林地不同适宜度的面积由大到小依次为高度适宜、中高度适宜、不适宜、中度适宜,中度适宜以上面积占林地总面积的81.9%,流域林地布局较为合理;草地不同适宜度的面积由大到小依次为不适宜、中度适宜、中高度适宜、高度适宜,中度适宜以上面积占草地总面积的55.3%,流域草地布局仍有较大优化空间。(3)林地提质面积为223.2 km^(2),占中度适宜及以上区域总面积的15.4%,区域内大部分林地已达覆盖度阈值水平;各适宜度区域的林地Ⅰ级提质潜力面积占比均在89.0%以上,提质难度较低。草地提质面积为222.3 km^(2),占中度适宜及以上区域总面积的43.1%,区域内近四成草地仍未达覆盖度阈值水平;各适宜度区域草地Ⅰ级提质潜力的面积占比随适宜度增高而减小,提质难度随适宜度增高而增大。(4)林地可通过加强封禁管控,实施以自然恢复为主的弱干预措施;草地需针对不同适宜度的潜力等级,采取分区适度干预措施,实现草地覆盖度水平的总体提升。[结论]三川河流域林地格局优于草地,草地提质潜力高于林地。研究构建的林草生境适宜性评价方法,可为黄河中游植物措施合理配置和提质增效提供科技依据。

不同灌草组合与行数比对多花木蓝灌草地牧草产量的影响

[目的]探明灌草组合和行数比对灌草地牧草产量的影响,为贵州中低海拔喀斯特地区多花木蓝灌草地建植与饲草生产提供依据。[方法]以黔南多花木蓝(I)、钻石T多花黑麦草(L)、宽叶雀稗(P)和WL525HQ紫花苜蓿(M)为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究7种灌草组合(A1,I 13.50kg/hm^(2)+L 24.00 kg/hm^(2);A2,113.50 kg/hm^(2)+P 9.00 kg/hm^(2);A3,113.50 kg/hm^(2)+P 9.00 kg/hm^(2)+M 7.50 kg/hm^(2);A4,I 13.50 kg/hm^(2)+P 11.70 kg/hm^(2)+M 3.00 kg/hm^(2);A5,I 13.50 kg/hm^(2)+L 8.40 kg/hm^(2)+P 8.10 kg/hm^(2)+M 3.75 kg/hm^(2);A6,I 13.50 kg/hm^(2)+L 12.00 kg/hm^(2)+P 4.50 kg/hm^(2)+M 7.50 kg/hm^(2);A7,I 13.50 kg/hm^(2)+L 14.40 kg/hm^(2)+P 4.95kg/hm^(2)+M5.25 kg/hm^(2))和5种行数比(B_(1),1:3;B_(2),1:2;B_(3),1:1;B_(4),2:1;B_(5),3:1)处理,多花木蓝混播灌草地牧草产量的变化。[结果]灌草组合和行数比对灌草地的灌草产量构成和总产量均有显著影响。多花木蓝与3种草本混播灌草地的总产量较高,其中,以A6生产表现最好,为15.25 t/hm^(2)。多花木蓝与草本牧草以行数比B_(1)(1:3)或B_(2)(1:2)混播效果较好,牧草产量为13.33 t/hm^(2)和14.13 t/hm^(2)。不同建植模式以A6B_(1)的总产量最高,为16.66 t/hm^(2);A6B_(2)(15.94 t/hm^(2))和A6B_(3)(15.77 t/hm^(2))其次。[结论]牧草产量以灌草组合13.50 kg/hm^(2)多花木蓝+12.00 kg/hm^(2)多花黑麦草+4.50 kg/hm^(2)宽叶雀稗+7.50 kg/hm^(2)紫花苜蓿按灌草行数比1:3混播的最高,可作为贵州中低海拔喀斯特地区多花木蓝灌草地建植的适宜模式推广应用。

云南松及林下主要灌木叶功能性状对林分退化的响应

研究不同云南松林分下灌木叶片功能性状差异,探讨林下灌木对林分退化的适应策略,可以为滇中地区云南松林的林下植被更新和恢复提供科学依据.以云南松及3种林下常见灌木为研究对象,分析了6个叶片性状在退化林分与对照林分间的差异,揭示林下植物适应林分生境变化的生态策略.结果表明,叶面积(LA)、叶厚度(LT)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶密度(LD)、叶干重(LW)在不同物种间均具有显著差异(P<0.05).除LA、LD外,其他性状指标均在不同林分间存在显著差异(P<0.05),这表明物种类型、退化阶段及其交互作用显著影响云南松林分的叶片功能性状.随着林分退化,云南松针叶具有较小的LT和较大的LD,矮杨梅叶片具有较大的LT、LW、LDMC、LD以及较小的SLA值,油茶叶片具有较大的LT和LW及较小的LA和SLA值,而豆梨则具有较大的LT和LDMC以及较小的LA和LW等功能特征来适应环境.研究阐述了云南松林分退化过程中林下植物叶片功能性状适应策略,能为云南松林生态恢复过程中潜在乡土物种筛选提供一定的科学依据和基础.