The Building of Grass-roots Agricultural Technology Extension System

Based on the survey of 154 farmers in Guiyang City, we analyze the basic situation of building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City. Then we point out some problems in the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City: the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center weakens; the content of agricultural technology extension is difficult to adapt to farmers' needs for technology; the extension mode of agricultural technology departments does not adapt to the needs of modern agriculture. In order to perfect the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system, the countermeasures and recommendations are put forth as follows: strengthening the input of funds, and ensuring that the basic work of public welfare agricultural technology extension is smoothly carried out; innovating upon the system, and improving the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center; implementing management on agricultural technology extension personnel's performance, and promoting the extension efficiency; strengthening the building of extension team in rural areas, and cultivating high-quality agricultural technology extension personnel; exploring the advanced service mode to meet farmers' needs.

Influence of Civil Authority on Rural Grass-roots Democracy and Social Autonomy in Northwest Minority Regions

System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

Significance,Path and Typical Cases of Integration of Grassroots Party Construction and Targeted Poverty Alleviation Team Construction in Colleges and Universities

The integration of party construction and poverty alleviation and development is an important form of achieving poverty alleviation in China. Based on the actual case of the integration of the party branch construction of the Institute of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Development of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics and the construction of a third-party evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation,this paper elaborated the practical significance and integration path design of the grassroots party construction and targeted poverty alleviation thirdparty evaluation team construction in colleges and universities. Besides,it analyzed the typical case of the party branch in the process of building the party branch of the ' double leader' teachers in the national colleges and universities,and vigorously implementing the development of the party branch construction and the third-party evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation,and promoting double integration and double promotion. Finally,it came up with recommendations for further strengthening the development of the party branch construction and the thirdparty evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation( including strengthening the party construction responsibility,promoting the solid foundation,promoting deep integration,strengthening mutual promotion,gathering poverty alleviation talents,and strengthen intellectual support),so as to form a new model of poverty alleviation through party construction and practicing the lofty purpose of serving the poor household wholeheartedly,and provide a useful reference for the grassroots party construction in China to promote poverty alleviation.

Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel:Mediating effect of social support

Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P【0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P【0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.

Effects of Rooting Agents on Growth and Photosynthetic Traits of Sudan Grasses

[Objective] To investigate the effects of rooting agents on the growth and photosynthetic traits of Sudan grasses. [ Method] The responses of the growth and some photosynthetic traits of Sudan grasses to three NK II rooting agents were determined according to the randomized complete block design. [ Result] Compared to control treatment, the Sudan grass treated by NK 11-298 showed higher chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents, higher chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values （ PSII quantum efficiency： ФPSII; photochemical quenching： qP; and electron transport rate： ETR）, higher maximum photosynthetic rate （Pmax） and respiration rate （ Rd）, and the highest biomass accumulation. The chlorophyU fluorescence parameter values of Sudan grasses treated by NK 11-888 and NK 11-16 were higher than those of control treatment （ P 〈 0.05）, and other indexes had no significant difference. [ Conclusion] The rooting agents should be selected carefully according to their practice aims because of sensibility of Sudan grass to rooting agents.

不同生态修复草种对土壤水分蒸散的影响

以紫花苜蓿、结缕草、青绿苔草和无芒雀麦为试材,通过人工草地建植对退化植被进行生态修复,实时监测植被NDVI指数、根系体积、土壤含水量及水分蒸散动态变化,研究不同草种植被覆盖效果及其对土壤蒸散特征的影响,揭示植被土壤水分吸收的主要作用机理,以期为我国北方地区适宜生态修复草种选择提供参考依据。结果表明:4种生态修复草种均可快速增加植被生物量,减少非生长季土壤水分蒸散,但生长季植被生物量增加,土壤水分吸收增强,土壤蒸散明显增加,且不同草地月蒸散量峰值排序为青绿苔草(112.65 mm)>结缕草(107.42 mm)>紫花苜蓿(98.19 mm)>无芒雀麦(86.69 mm)。另外,植被根系分布及其体积变化是土壤水分吸收的关键,根系体积越大,分布越集中,土壤水分吸收能力越强,其中,青绿苔草与结缕草土壤水分吸收的主要区域在0~20 cm土层,紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦在20~40 cm土层。综上所述,由于生长季植被增加土壤水分蒸散,建议北方干旱缺水地区生态修复过程中尽量选择水土保持能力强但水分消耗相对较少的植物种类,就供试植物优先选择无芒雀麦,其次是紫花苜蓿。

枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理的影响因素与实现路径

在街镇社区层面,枢纽型社会组织在党和政府与一般性社会组织间扮演着枢纽桥梁角色,为增强基层治理效能提供了动力来源与创新载体。借助于上海市25个街镇级社会组织服务中心样本,本文采用模糊集定性比较分析方法,分析了经济发展水平、政府支持力度、社会组织互动、社会关系链接、组织硬件基础和组织软件条件等组合下枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理的影响因素和实现路径。研究结果显示:(1)组织硬件基础是枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理的必要条件;(2)枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理具有资源赋能型、社会撬动型、复合推进型、内外协同型四种“殊途同归”的实现路径。本研究丰富了社会组织理论研究,研究结论可为地方因地制宜地推进枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理提供有益的借鉴。

数智时代内源驱动的基层图书馆智慧化建设策略研究

文章分析了数智环境下基层图书馆智慧化发展的挑战与机遇,认识到基层图书馆技术空间构筑能力与国家智慧图书馆体系建设尚不匹配的现状,引入内源性发展理念,提出基层图书馆智慧化发展之策,即依托公共文化云国家工程,构建软硬件系统框架;采用智能空间管理系统,搭建图书馆管理物联网;引入元宇宙相关技术,更新阅读和社会教育服务范式;合理运用AIGC,赋能参考咨询服务;应用新媒体技术,传播文化特质;搭建智慧化服务平台,实现业务、管理、空间三方的智能交互,从而创新基层图书馆内源发展的动力系统,使其具备提供智慧服务的内生动力,积极融入数智发展的生态链,以提升其服务效能。

“平台”与我国县域基层法治秩序的生成——浙江海宁社会治理实践的观察

基层社会治理“平台”是我国县域范围构建具有中国特色法治秩序的重要实践形式。在提升县域基层社会治理水平的过程中,平台被打造成一个由不同政府机构、不同社会组织与社会成员通过协调、协商、议论等方式博弈以解决与民生密切相关的各种类型问题的工作机制,客观上已经助力生成了法治秩序不可或缺的不同主体之间展开话语交流的公共空间。在浙江海宁,平台被用于促进实现公众与企业合法权利、改造和规范行使公共权力、保障社会稳定与居民安居乐业,以公开促公正公平,有效提升了法律在基层的实施能力。在法治建设正在寻求新的突破之际,有关平台建设的实践具有一定的可借鉴的普遍意义。

基层应急治理共同体的塑造--基于信任—规则—行动力的框架分析

构建基层应急治理共同体,提升基层应急治理能力,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分。目前基层应急治理面临着基层政府治理能力不足、体制机制不畅、公众参与不足和社会组织参与无序性等问题,亟须缩短应急处突的链条,提高决策的适应性,构建共建、共治、共享的基层应急治理共同体。在共同体塑造过程中,通过构建“信任—规则—行动力”的框架,在党建引领下,以信任价值塑造公共精神,以规则建构推进契约共建,以在地文化环境建构和能力提升的系统工程推动应急治理共同体的行动力塑造,将共同体的功能贯穿于风险研判、处置、应对、恢复于一体的全周期应急治理动态机制中,推动应急治理走向人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的治理格局。

以基层党建引领基层治理与乡村振兴的路径探究

为解决社会经济结构转型背景下,乡村振兴工作内生动力不足、发展体系不够健全、城乡差距扩大的问题,该文从基层党建角度入手,首先对开展基层治理与乡村振兴工作的内在机理进行研究,其次简述基层党建工作在基层治理与乡村振兴治理方向的引领、治理力量强化、治理方法优化的价值,然后以某省为例,分析基层党建引领基层治理与乡村振兴的具体方法。研究结果表明,该文所采用的方法,可以缓解基层发展的矛盾,在提高基层治理工作水平的同时,为乡村振兴战略的落实,打下坚实的基础。希望通过研究,为我国社会经济的整体化发展提供参考。

分级治理:乡村旅游开发中的基层治理秩序再造——基于豫北Y村的田野调查

产业兴旺、生活富裕与治理有序共同构成了乡村振兴的基础。基于豫北的田野调查发现,乡村旅游开发提高了农民的非农就业机会与家庭收入,但也造成了村庄开发的混乱局面,建立在土地之上单一利益主体间的互动转变为多方利益主体的博弈。在新的关系互动模式下,村庄内形成了土地利益分化的差序格局,集体土地分配规则的公共性与权威弱化,基于土地调整、分配的层级治理秩序受到冲击,导致了村级治理的困境。要实现不同利益主体博弈的平衡,必须重新构建发展型村庄的治理体系,即由村一级负责对接村庄发展性任务,承担村庄的土地经营与产业发展,同时落实相应基础设施建设和资源分配,保证村庄内部发展的整体性公平;而组一级负责对接村庄常规性事务,负责对农民的组织和动员,同时参与村庄经济发展的监督与收益分配,保证村庄事务推进的公开透明性,以此通过权力、责任和利益的协调,重构村组之间的利益连带关系,形成村组之间相互嵌入的新层级治理体系与基层治理效力。

欠发达地区县级公共图书馆法治建设任重道远——对鄂、渝、湘、黔若干县级图书馆的调研分析

文章选取了我国欠发达地区25个县级公共图书馆,围绕《中华人民共和国公共图书馆法》的具体实施情况开展深入调查。发现当前我国欠发达地区县级公共图书馆的法治化治理水平有所提升,但地方政府依法保障的情况仍然堪忧。为此提出了4个基层公共图书馆法治建设着力点,为新时代基层公共图书馆的法治化建设和高质量发展提供参考。

学生发展视角下地方本科院校基层院系发展型学生工作体系探索与实践

新时代的发展对高校人才培养提出更高的要求,而学生工作作为高校人才培养的重要组成部分,对推动高校落实立德树人根本任务意义重大。院系学生工作是高校学生工作的基础和保障,构建科学合理的院系基层学生工作体系尤为重要。该文通过对玉林师范学院数学与统计学院学生工作内容进行系统的梳理、归纳和架构,探索“四航计划”和“十四大工程”为核心的发展型学生工作体系,以计划引领工程,以工程支撑计划,使得繁杂的学生工作变得规整、明确、清晰,形成“促进学生发展”的学生工作闭环,有效推进“三全育人”格局形成,努力培养符合新时代要求的高素质人才。

中国基层图书馆事业发展中的世界经验:回顾与思考

对于我国的基层图书馆事业发展而言,参考和借鉴世界的先行经验具有重要意义,然而,与城市图书馆、大型图书馆相比,基层图书馆在吸纳世界经验方面面临一些特殊的阻碍。文章系统回顾了我国图书馆界对世界基层图书馆经验的研究情况,考察了世界基层图书馆经验对本土事业的影响,并就此指出,要更好地引入世界经验,促进我国基层图书馆高质量发展,需要考虑:立足我国基层实际需求、深入理解他国经验背景、促进基层图书馆专业化、建立图书馆的长期主义。

治理数字化转型中的平台嵌入与政府调适:体系、效能与边界——以F区的平台建设为例

当前城市治理正经历着数字化转型的过程。然而,数字技术应用于城市治理存在着一定限度,具体表现为系统的协同性失调、价值的公共性缺失以及社会的“复杂性化简”等问题。基于F区的“民呼必应”等平台的案例分析,研究发现:政府是受益于平台还是受制于平台,取决于政府能否建构起应对平台嵌入的调适体系;政府与平台存在着多维度、多方面的互动过程。这一过程中的政府通常以两个层面的行动来调适平台嵌入:一方面,综合运用组织互适、程序互塑、多元统合等行动策略,促进政府与平台的相互融合;另一方面,把平台参与治理的职责、程序、领域限制在特定范畴之内。要在充分发挥平台服务于城市治理功效的同时,克服平台单一治理在数字化转型中的限度,并以此把握平台嵌入与政府调适的边界。

基层妇联组织在乡村治理中的主体性功能及实现路径

农村基层妇联组织不仅是党和政府联系妇女人群的桥梁和纽带,也是农村基层政权的社会支撑之一。在党建引领乡村治理的时代背景下,要站在治理的角度去审视基层妇联在乡村治理中的功能及其作用机制。从治理来看,基层妇联是政治组织和群众组织,也是治理组织和服务组织。基层妇联具有融入乡村治理全过程的政治需要和现实需要,在乡村治理中具有主体性功能。基层妇联在乡村治理中的主体性功能不仅是由妇联的政治性、先进性和群众性决定的,也是由党的帮手和助手功能决定的。基层妇联凭借其独特的政治、组织、动员、宣传和凝聚群众的优势,在乡村治理中可以发挥组织动员、服务群众、民情枢纽、协商议事等作用,提高乡村治理的组织化、社会化、服务化和共治化。通过组织体系“纵向到底”和“横向到边”以及成体系的体制机制创新实现基层妇联在乡村治理中的主体性建构,是妇联发挥基层治理功能的可行路径。

基层政府治理水平对农民奋斗价值观的影响研究

赓续艰苦奋斗精神,激发农民奋斗意志,是当前基层治理中农民思想建设的重要内容。基于2018年与2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,利用有序Probit模型,实证分析基层政府治理水平对农民奋斗价值观的影响及作用机制。研究发现:第一,基层政府治理水平与农民奋斗价值观呈正相关,即基层政府治理水平越高,农民越倾向于认为“努力工作能有回报”,越发增强“对未来的信心”;第二,基层政府治理水平对农民奋斗价值观的影响,主要通过提高该群体的生活满意度和工作满意度来实现;第三,高水平的基层政府治理正向促进了建档立卡农民和非建档立卡农民奋斗价值观的塑造,且这种促进作用在非建档立卡农民中更显著。