The Building of Grass-roots Agricultural Technology Extension System

Based on the survey of 154 farmers in Guiyang City, we analyze the basic situation of building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City. Then we point out some problems in the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system in Guiyang City: the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center weakens; the content of agricultural technology extension is difficult to adapt to farmers' needs for technology; the extension mode of agricultural technology departments does not adapt to the needs of modern agriculture. In order to perfect the building of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system, the countermeasures and recommendations are put forth as follows: strengthening the input of funds, and ensuring that the basic work of public welfare agricultural technology extension is smoothly carried out; innovating upon the system, and improving the function of grass-roots agricultural technology extension center; implementing management on agricultural technology extension personnel's performance, and promoting the extension efficiency; strengthening the building of extension team in rural areas, and cultivating high-quality agricultural technology extension personnel; exploring the advanced service mode to meet farmers' needs.

Influence of Civil Authority on Rural Grass-roots Democracy and Social Autonomy in Northwest Minority Regions

System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

Significance,Path and Typical Cases of Integration of Grassroots Party Construction and Targeted Poverty Alleviation Team Construction in Colleges and Universities

The integration of party construction and poverty alleviation and development is an important form of achieving poverty alleviation in China. Based on the actual case of the integration of the party branch construction of the Institute of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Development of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics and the construction of a third-party evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation,this paper elaborated the practical significance and integration path design of the grassroots party construction and targeted poverty alleviation thirdparty evaluation team construction in colleges and universities. Besides,it analyzed the typical case of the party branch in the process of building the party branch of the ' double leader' teachers in the national colleges and universities,and vigorously implementing the development of the party branch construction and the third-party evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation,and promoting double integration and double promotion. Finally,it came up with recommendations for further strengthening the development of the party branch construction and the thirdparty evaluation team for targeted poverty alleviation( including strengthening the party construction responsibility,promoting the solid foundation,promoting deep integration,strengthening mutual promotion,gathering poverty alleviation talents,and strengthen intellectual support),so as to form a new model of poverty alleviation through party construction and practicing the lofty purpose of serving the poor household wholeheartedly,and provide a useful reference for the grassroots party construction in China to promote poverty alleviation.

Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel:Mediating effect of social support

Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P【0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P【0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.

Effects of Rooting Agents on Growth and Photosynthetic Traits of Sudan Grasses

[Objective] To investigate the effects of rooting agents on the growth and photosynthetic traits of Sudan grasses. [ Method] The responses of the growth and some photosynthetic traits of Sudan grasses to three NK II rooting agents were determined according to the randomized complete block design. [ Result] Compared to control treatment, the Sudan grass treated by NK 11-298 showed higher chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents, higher chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values （ PSII quantum efficiency： ФPSII; photochemical quenching： qP; and electron transport rate： ETR）, higher maximum photosynthetic rate （Pmax） and respiration rate （ Rd）, and the highest biomass accumulation. The chlorophyU fluorescence parameter values of Sudan grasses treated by NK 11-888 and NK 11-16 were higher than those of control treatment （ P 〈 0.05）, and other indexes had no significant difference. [ Conclusion] The rooting agents should be selected carefully according to their practice aims because of sensibility of Sudan grass to rooting agents.

医联体下新社区药学服务模式建立实践

目的分析某医疗联合体(简称医联体)下新社区药学服务模式(以人民健康为核心)的建立经验。方法总结该新模式的亮点,包括建立集团特色质控标准,信息化助力构建智能药学服务模式,结合移动查房系统与社区药学照护系统提供全程化社区药学服务,开展系统基层药师授权培训等。通过问卷调查和随访分析新模式开展效果。结果共回收有效问卷973份,有效回收率97.30%。其中糖尿病患者332例。与干预前比较,干预后患者依从性好的比例显著升高(P<0.01),对临床药师的认知度显著改善,对药师的满意度显著改善(P<0.05);且糖尿病患者用药问题(涉及4个维度、7个类型)发生率均不同程度降低(最高降幅72.28%),其中5类问题显著降低(P<0.05)。结论医联体下新药学服务模式的开展,强化了医联体内部同质化管理,促进了药学服务下沉,加强了信息化建设,有助于不断推进医联体内部药事管理同质化发展,充分发挥基层药学人员专业特长,从而提升基层医疗机构的医疗质量和优质药学服务水平,促进我国药学事业的同步发展。

高职护理专业学生基层就业意愿调研分析——以广西卫生职业技术学院为例

乡村振兴背景下,文章以广西卫生职业技术学院护理专业在校生为例,从个人信息、就业岗位特征、就业意愿等方面进行基层就业意愿调研,分析高职护理专业学生基层就业意愿的影响因素,提出国家层面要加大就业政策的宣传力度、学校层面要加强就业方向课程建设、家庭方面要转变就业观念、个人方面要树立积极正确就业观念等建议,旨在提高学生的基层就业意愿,鼓励学生积极投身基层医疗事业。

基层官兵防控劳力型热射病技能培训混合式教学总结与展望

目的 探讨和总结基层官兵防控劳力型热射病(EHS)技能培训的有效教学方法,旨在提升官兵应对EHS的综合能力。方法 基于对当前培训现状的全面评估,提出线上与线下、理论与实践相结合的混合式教学模式。结果 通过实施该混合式教学模式,基层官兵的学习兴趣显著提高,防控意识和实际操作能力得到显著提升。结论 教学改革能够有效提高基层官兵的EHS防控水平,未来应进一步优化教学模式,持续提升基层官兵应对EHS的能力。

基层形式主义的生成机理——基于行政发包异化的视角

基层形式主义破坏了政策的有效执行,扭曲了基层政府与民众之间的信任关系,进而削弱了社会治理效能和公共服务质量,其根源在于行政发包的异化。在中国场域中,行政发包制主要依靠政治激励、行政激励与经济激励运行,其异化主要表现在政治激励的异化、行政激励的矛盾以及经济激励的困境三个维度。政治激励的异化体现在人格化问责与以结果导向的绩效考核上;行政激励的矛盾表现在上下级权责不明确与基层政府的自由裁量权上;经济激励的困境显露在基层政府的财政不足以及财政资金自筹方面。三个维度的异化与负向强化,加剧了基层形式主义现象的发生。针对上述问题,希冀于将过程性监督引入并强化有限问责、健全落实权力清单制度以及完善财政收入分配和财政监督机制,旨在从根本上解决政治、行政、经济三维度存在的激励异化问题,以有效遏制基层形式主义的滋生。

从惩罚到激励:基层信用治理的模式转轨及实现路径

依托社会信用体系建设,规制和矫正社会中广泛存在的轻微违法及背离公序良俗的行为是信用治理的核心任务之一。实践中,一些地方过度青睐权威治理资源,简单将社会信用视为惩戒抓手,偏爱采用惩罚型信用治理模式。惩罚型信用治理虽能短时提升治理效能,但面临诸多运行障碍,难以融洽嵌入基层社会治理过程。实践证明,基层信用治理向激励型转轨能够有效克服惩罚型信用治理模式的固有缺陷,获得更好治理效果。实现基层信用治理的模式转轨不仅需要基层继续探索完善激励型信用治理具体机制,而且还需要各地提升制度设计层级,通过转变治理理念,搭建立法框架,构建共享平台,创新信用产品等方式开展系统化的整体设计。

基层农产品质量安全监管检测工作难点与对策研究

农产品质量安全关乎公众健康和社会稳定,因此对基层农产品的安全性和品质进行严格监管显得尤为重要。本文探讨基层农产品质量安全监管的工作内容及其重要性,深入分析监管过程中的难点,并提出加强生产源头控制、实现监管全面覆盖、增加监管资金投入、建设专业人才队伍等优化策略,旨在提高基层农产品质量安全监管效能,推动我国农业的可持续健康发展。

基层治理现代化背景下农业型村庄村干部职业化“制度空转”现象探析

基层治理体系现代化和基层治理能力现代化是基层治理现代化的一体两面,基层治理体系现代化是基层治理能力现代化的基础,体系完备、治理有效是基层治理体系现代化的重要内涵。村干部职业化制度是地方政府推动基层治理体系现代化的重要创新实践。实践过程中发现,统一的村干部职业化制度在工业欠发达的农业型村庄出现了“制度空转”。这表现在四个方面:工资制与软考核制、应付式的坐班制与考勤制、狭窄的职业晋升空间和乡镇有限度地引导村庄选举。这带来村干部消极治理与村级治理效能低下等意外治理后果。研究表明,制度运行是个系统,村干部职业化制度主体存在合法性、科学性有余而有效性不足的问题,并连带引发了制度执行及监控变形,制度运行环境不稳定,最终导致“制度空转”现象生成。这启示我们需从整体优化制度运行回应制度运行的有效性问题,注重村干部职业化制度运行的村庄经济社会基础,因时因地制宜推动村干部职业化制度。增强村庄治权,有效杜绝农村基层制度执行中的形式主义,实现基层治理现代化。

A Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and English Politeness Principle and Application

With the development of society,the globalization is the mainstream of world development.In the cross-cultural communication,if one is ignorant of the different systems of politeness principle,he or she is unable to have a good understanding of the other and can' t carry on communication further.So in English teaching,it's necessary for students to have a good command of the differences between English and Chinese politeness principles.In this paper,the author analyzed English and Chinese politeness principle and discussed about the cultural root for the differences as well as the application of politeness principle in colloquial English teaching.

不同生态修复草种对土壤水分蒸散的影响

以紫花苜蓿、结缕草、青绿苔草和无芒雀麦为试材,通过人工草地建植对退化植被进行生态修复,实时监测植被NDVI指数、根系体积、土壤含水量及水分蒸散动态变化,研究不同草种植被覆盖效果及其对土壤蒸散特征的影响,揭示植被土壤水分吸收的主要作用机理,以期为我国北方地区适宜生态修复草种选择提供参考依据。结果表明:4种生态修复草种均可快速增加植被生物量,减少非生长季土壤水分蒸散,但生长季植被生物量增加,土壤水分吸收增强,土壤蒸散明显增加,且不同草地月蒸散量峰值排序为青绿苔草(112.65 mm)>结缕草(107.42 mm)>紫花苜蓿(98.19 mm)>无芒雀麦(86.69 mm)。另外,植被根系分布及其体积变化是土壤水分吸收的关键,根系体积越大,分布越集中,土壤水分吸收能力越强,其中,青绿苔草与结缕草土壤水分吸收的主要区域在0~20 cm土层,紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦在20~40 cm土层。综上所述,由于生长季植被增加土壤水分蒸散,建议北方干旱缺水地区生态修复过程中尽量选择水土保持能力强但水分消耗相对较少的植物种类,就供试植物优先选择无芒雀麦,其次是紫花苜蓿。

基层应急治理共同体的塑造--基于信任—规则—行动力的框架分析

构建基层应急治理共同体,提升基层应急治理能力,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分。目前基层应急治理面临着基层政府治理能力不足、体制机制不畅、公众参与不足和社会组织参与无序性等问题,亟须缩短应急处突的链条,提高决策的适应性,构建共建、共治、共享的基层应急治理共同体。在共同体塑造过程中,通过构建“信任—规则—行动力”的框架,在党建引领下,以信任价值塑造公共精神,以规则建构推进契约共建,以在地文化环境建构和能力提升的系统工程推动应急治理共同体的行动力塑造,将共同体的功能贯穿于风险研判、处置、应对、恢复于一体的全周期应急治理动态机制中,推动应急治理走向人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的治理格局。

枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理的影响因素与实现路径

在街镇社区层面,枢纽型社会组织在党和政府与一般性社会组织间扮演着枢纽桥梁角色,为增强基层治理效能提供了动力来源与创新载体。借助于上海市25个街镇级社会组织服务中心样本,本文采用模糊集定性比较分析方法,分析了经济发展水平、政府支持力度、社会组织互动、社会关系链接、组织硬件基础和组织软件条件等组合下枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理的影响因素和实现路径。研究结果显示:(1)组织硬件基础是枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理的必要条件;(2)枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理具有资源赋能型、社会撬动型、复合推进型、内外协同型四种“殊途同归”的实现路径。本研究丰富了社会组织理论研究,研究结论可为地方因地制宜地推进枢纽型社会组织高质量参与基层治理提供有益的借鉴。

数智时代内源驱动的基层图书馆智慧化建设策略研究

文章分析了数智环境下基层图书馆智慧化发展的挑战与机遇,认识到基层图书馆技术空间构筑能力与国家智慧图书馆体系建设尚不匹配的现状,引入内源性发展理念,提出基层图书馆智慧化发展之策,即依托公共文化云国家工程,构建软硬件系统框架;采用智能空间管理系统,搭建图书馆管理物联网;引入元宇宙相关技术,更新阅读和社会教育服务范式;合理运用AIGC,赋能参考咨询服务;应用新媒体技术,传播文化特质;搭建智慧化服务平台,实现业务、管理、空间三方的智能交互,从而创新基层图书馆内源发展的动力系统,使其具备提供智慧服务的内生动力,积极融入数智发展的生态链,以提升其服务效能。

中国基层图书馆事业发展中的世界经验:回顾与思考

对于我国的基层图书馆事业发展而言,参考和借鉴世界的先行经验具有重要意义,然而,与城市图书馆、大型图书馆相比,基层图书馆在吸纳世界经验方面面临一些特殊的阻碍。文章系统回顾了我国图书馆界对世界基层图书馆经验的研究情况,考察了世界基层图书馆经验对本土事业的影响,并就此指出,要更好地引入世界经验,促进我国基层图书馆高质量发展,需要考虑:立足我国基层实际需求、深入理解他国经验背景、促进基层图书馆专业化、建立图书馆的长期主义。