Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

The Grass-Roots Governance of the National Government in Tianjin Recovery Area After the Triumph of the Anti-Japanese War

The national government wants to penetrate into the grass-roots unit after the triumph of the Anti-Japanese War in the recovery area.Through the reorganization of the Baojia system,the government expects to achieve local autonomy and then solve the people’s livelihood issues.The new Baojia system provides a platform for people to achieve their own demands,which presents the vision of civil rights to a certain extent.However,because of the complexity of the postwar social environment,the Baojia system cannot completely represent the will of the people,and finally becomes a militarized organization that was used as a tool to carry out the government decree.

Government intervention model based on behavioral heterogeneity for China’s stock market

Active government intervention is a striking characteristic of the Chinese stock market.This study develops a behavioral heterogeneous agent model(HAM)comprising fundamentalists,chartists,and stabilizers to investigate investors’dynamic switching mechanisms under government intervention.The model introduces a new player,the stabilizer,into the HAM as a proxy for the government.We use the model to examine government programs during the 2015 China stock market crash and find that it can replicate the dynamics of investor sentiment and asset prices.In addition,our analysis of two simulations,specifically the data-generating processes and shock response analysis,further corroborates the key conclusion that our intervention model not only maintains market stability but also promotes the return of risk asset prices to their fun-damental values.The study concludes that government interventions guided by the new HAM can alleviate the dilemma between reducing price volatility and improving price efficiency in future intervention programs.

Local Government Behavior behind China's Excessive Investment under Decentralization——Theoretical and Empirical Analysis Based on Manufacturing Sector

This paper investigates the effect of local government intervention on capital deepening of manufacturing sector by using interprovincial panel data sets of 28 Chinese provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions between 1994 and 2011.Theoretical research indicates that as a transitional economy,China's local government intervention in corporate investment behaviors will cause excessive investment,thus bringing about a long-term and sustained tendency of capital deepening in manufacturing sector.Empirical test further discovers that in a certain range,the phenomenon of capital deepening in manufacturing sector is not an inevitable result endogenous to economic development and technology progress,and that investment behaviors of manufacturing sector are largely subject to the external institutional environment.Fiscal decentralization has indeed promoted capital deepening of manufacturing sector.Financial credit expansion and interventions in SOEs are major instruments for local governments to intervene in the capital deepening of manufacturing sector and such an influence is particularly significant for China's central,western and northeast regions.Therefore,clarifying government functions and improving local government performance review mechanism are of great significance to the healthy development of China's manufacturing sector.

Game analysis of building energy saving behaviors between government and developers

Information asymmetry phenomenon and the differences between the main body's earning targets,which are existing in the building energy saving field,have made the game behaviors of its economic activities become inevitable.There are strategies choice between government departments and the developers,when the building energy saving work is carried out under the government control.Based on the players based assumptions,the path of player's behavior strategy choices is analyzed,expected revenue models are established and mixed Nash equilibrium is obtained in this paper.Based on the analysis results,the incentive strategy enlightenment could be concluded that it is particularly important to design the scientific incentive system for developers to develop energy-saving buildings reasonably and for the government to implement effective control;the role of informal system in encouraging developers to develop energy-saving buildings should not be ignored.

Construction of building energy conservation incentive policies under government regulation: Based on the subjects' behavior analysis

Building energy efficiency is a long-term strategy to achieve sustainable development, but the inconsistencies of main interests during the implementation lead to the need for government regulation in building energy conservation. Implementation of building energy efficiency of government regulation covers three aspects of construction and involves relevant participators, so the paper analyzes interests and roles of the related subjects in building energy saving, explore the motivations and its conversion mechanism of each player, and dissect the game relationship of associated earnings of developers' and consumers' behaviors selection under government control. Finally, the paper proposes basic requirements of building incentive policies for related subjects under government control to regulate the main behaviors of subjects in building energy efficient buildings and achieve energy efficiency goals and balance of all parties' benefits.

财政分权、地方政府行为与经济绿色转型

依据2009—2019年省级面板数据,运用空间计量模型和中介效应模型,考量财政分权对经济绿色转型的影响。结果显示:财政分权促进本地经济绿色转型作用显著,但会阻碍相邻地区经济绿色转型进程。地方政府行为在二者之间发挥着中介作用,财政分权主要通过促进地方政府合理竞争、提高地方政府财政科技投入强度促进经济绿色转型,提高财政分权程度会强化地方保护主义行为,但地方保护主义行为对经济绿色转型的影响不显著。

基层治理场域中城市社区政策执行逻辑解构

城市社区是基层治理基本单元,也是回应社会治理问题的主战场。相较于科层治理模式,基层治理场域建构起了独特的治理格局,在此场域中城市社区政策执行具有特殊的情境逻辑。基于场域-行为的社区政策执行场域分析框架,对执行主体进行角色行为分析,可以发现,社区治理情境中的压力型体制背景、政策设计内生性模糊与组织资本困窘、场域叠加、行动者区隔,以及政策执行者心理系统等场域要素,共同作用于政策执行行为。从组织场域、社会关系场域以及心理场域对城市社区的政策执行进行全方位及全过程调节,将极大地提升社会治理政策效能。

土壤中微塑料:类型、载体效应、迁移行为和潜在风险综述

微塑料(microplastics,MPs)作为一种新兴污染物,广泛存在于土壤中,并不断迁移转化,对土壤生态系统和生物多样性产生潜在风险。为了全面评估土壤MPs的环境风险,加强MPs污染的风险管控,讨论了土壤环境中MPs的类型,系统阐述了土壤MPs的载体效应和迁移行为,并从微生物、植物、动物以及人类四个方面综述了土壤MPs的潜在风险。土壤中MPs并不是单独存在的,MPs的潜在风险一方面来自其本身(颗粒和添加剂)的生物毒性,另一方面是其对共存污染物(有机污染物、重金属和致病菌等)的载体效应。在非生物(淋溶、重力)和生物等作用下,土壤中的MPs时刻都在经历着复杂的迁移过程,从而加剧了其对土壤生态系统的影响。由于粒径小,MPs很容易进入食物链并层层传递,从而对不同营养级生物的正常生理活动产生不利影响,包括影响土壤动植物的新陈代谢,生长,发育和繁殖。此外,MPs不仅在环境中存在,而且也在人体中被发现。MPs可通过饮食、呼吸或皮肤接触等途径进入人体,从而对人体可能产生一系列不良反应。虽然目前仍没有足够的证据证明MPs对人体的直接危害,但其潜在风险仍不容忽视。探讨了土壤MPs污染治理的策略,并对未来土壤微塑料污染的研究方向和重点进行了展望。研究将有助于加深人们对土壤微塑料污染的认识,并为更好地开展微塑料的毒理效应研究和风险评估提供科学线索和理论参考。

高校师范类专业认证行为偏差的现实表征、成因及治理

高校作为师范类专业认证的重要行动者,其认证行为的质量直接关涉认证目标的实现与认证价值的发挥。研究发现:高校在推进师范类专业认证工作的过程中存在诸多行为偏差,包括认证前的行为意向偏差、认证中的改革行为偏差以及认证后的持续改进行为偏差。究其原因在于,认证客体的认证素养储备不足、认证主客体组织架构固化、认证政策体系不完善及认证保障性措施欠缺。为矫正高校师范类专业认证行为偏差,需要从提升认证客体的认证素养,打破认证主客体固化的组织架构,完善认证政策体系及优化认证保障条件等方面作出努力。

社区情感对居民参与城市社区环境治理行为影响研究

为了解社区情感建设对居民参与城市社区环境治理行为及成效的作用,运用SPSS与AMOS软件进行多元线性回归分析和结构方程模型分析。结果表明:社区情感具有多维度的结构,按照强度高低表现为社区凝聚力、社区安全感、社区满意度和社区归属感;居民社区情感总体较强,社区情感与居民参与城市社区环境治理行为有显著正向影响关系,社区归属感、社区凝聚力对公域和私域亲环境行为均具有正向影响关系;居民参与社区环境治理态度与行为具有正向影响关系,中共党员、本地户籍、在所属社区居住时间较长者和具有积极社区环境行为态度的居民采取社区环境治理行为相对更频繁,社区环境规制、奖惩措施、宣传教育等外部因素在一定程度上积极调控和影响着居民参与社区环境治理,私域环境治理参与度优于公域环境治理参与度。因此,政府可以从营造良好氛围以培育社区归属感、深化情感联结以增强社区凝聚力、弘扬公共精神以挖掘内生动力等方面促进居民参与城市社区环境治理行为及成效。

政府数据不当使用行为的影响路径研究

[目的/意义]任何事物的发展都有两面性,探讨政府数据不当使用行为的影响因素及其作用机制,有助于充分发挥政府数据价值,为加快“数字中国”的建设提供参考依据。[方法/过程]运用元分析对政府数据不当使用行为相关实证研究文献进行分析,提取影响因素,分析影响效应,确定条件变量;在确定条件变量的基础上,基于典型案例运用fsQCA探讨各影响因素的组态路径。[结果/结论]政府数据不当使用行为的9个影响因素之间形成8条影响路径,并呈现三种组合效用类型,分别为“多要素复合驱动型”“技术主导型”“内外双重加持型”。其影响效应是:政府数据不当使用行为的发生与核心条件不存在必然联系;技术发展水平在政府数据不当使用行为的发生机制里发挥重要作用;外部社会影响的复杂性和内部数据质量的多面性使得多因素之间形成不同的作用机制。

业绩变动、董事会治理与高管离职行为研究

本文基于2000—2020年上市公司高管数据,论证了公司业绩与CEO离职率之间的逻辑关系,同时探讨了董事会治理的作用逻辑,为上市公司治理团队建设提供政策建议。研究发现:(1)业绩和CEO离职率间关联性比预期更强,绩效原因导致的CEO离职率占总离职率比重估计值在52%—57%,大于强制型或自愿型离职率所占比重;(2)CEO任期内都可能会发生绩效引致型离职,由于董事会评估CEO能力的准确性随任期增加而提高,CEO任期初绩效引致型离职概率更大,而任期末离职率变小,但下降速度比较缓慢;(3)董事会学习能力可以解释自愿型和强制型离职率的变动,但对绩效引致型离职率变动的解释可能会出现偏差,因为存在多种非绩效因素导致CEO离职;(4)董事会对CEO能力的了解比较缓慢且受到任期内企业绩效变动的冲击,冲击越大,董事会了解的信息越不准确,绩效引致型离职率越低。本文从新视角揭露了上市公司CEO离职的内在机理,传统的强制型和自愿型离职行为可能不全是真相,绩效引致型离职比较容易被忽视。长远来看,关注绩效引致的CEO离职可以帮助企业预防重大绩效风险,实现绩效的长期稳定增长。

数字技术如何引发基层政府的行为策略?——基于B市C区12345政务服务便民热线的案例分析

地方政府试图通过数字技术来实现基层政府的尽职履责,但也引发了基层政府的行为策略。B市C区12345政务服务便民热线的案例表明,在数字技术嵌入基层政府后,自下而上的信息反馈制度以及自上而下的督办制度构成了基层政府的外部制度环境,同时导致有限权力与无限责任的行为窘境、技术规制与行动自主性的分离偏差、服务公共化与诉求私利化的价值冲突相继产生,塑造了基层政府的压力情境。制度环境和压力情境引发基层政府尽责、避责和躺平三种行为策略。为此,应进一步推动基层治理的制度改革,以完善基层政府的绩效考评与激励机制,健全精细化的诉求甄别机制,从而促进基层治理能力的现代化。

中国公众助贫行为的基本模式、影响因素及参与效应

当代中国贫困治理的成功不仅源自强大的国家治理能力和国家行动,也离不开社会公众的广泛参与,而形式多样的助贫行为正是普通公众参与贫困治理的主要方式。基于2132份问卷调查数据,本文以实证方式对中国公众参与助贫行为的基本模式、影响因素和参与效应进行了系统分析。在基本模式方面,公众主要有购物消费、金融借贷、科教文体、捐赠救助、组织化行为等助贫行为模式,且有较高的参与水平,体现了政府、市场和社会三种扶贫机制的作用。在影响因素方面,融合了资源、动员和内在激励的公民志愿模型有较强的解释力,尤其是作为内在激励的重视公共利益和公共参与意识对助贫行为的正向预测作用更强。在参与效应方面,公众助贫行为对治贫绩效评价和制度认同具有正向预测作用;同时,腐败历闻对两者具有负向预测作用。培育积极公民,开放公众参与,同时严厉打击腐败,这不仅是中国贫困治理过往成功经验的总结与验证,更可供中国式现代化新征程中顺利推进国家治理各项事业借鉴与参考。

从“化繁为简”到“繁简相生”:公共安全政民合作治理的过程机制研究——以深圳市B区义警为例

“乌卡时代”,厘清政民合作治理过程机制对于实现公共安全治理向事前预防转型至关重要。既有研究主要侧重于分析政民合作治理的前因条件与合作绩效,却忽视了对中国情境下政民合作治理过程的分析。鉴于此,以合作治理理论为基础,立足政民双主体视角,构建了基于公共安全政民合作治理“合作动机一行为过程一价值共创”的过程机制解释模型。公共安全政民合作治理是政民双方基于各自的合作动机,通过利益互融、资源互补、协调互动、信任互惠、成效助推,最终实现价值共创的循环选代过程。

社区治理方式对居民垃圾分类行为的影响机制及分异效应

居民生活垃圾分类是生态文明建设的重要方式,也是实现碳达峰碳中和的重要途径之一。社区是推动居民垃圾分类和生活方式绿色转型的关键场域。基于“2019年上海居民垃圾分类行为”调查数据,运用结构方程模型,探究不同社区治理方式对居民垃圾分类行为的影响路径。研究发现:社会性治理方式对垃圾分类行为产生直接效应,并通过社区参与意愿、网络参与意愿对垃圾分类行为产生间接效应。房价和房龄调节了社会性治理方式对居民垃圾分类行为的影响效应,呈现了“熟人社区”“陌生人社区”和“半熟人社区”社区分异效应,形塑了“弱动员、强参与”“强动员、强参与”“强动员、弱参与”的多元主体行动逻辑。该研究能够为构建因地制宜、社区多元共建、共治、共享的垃圾分类实施政策,有效引导社区居民绿色低碳行为,促进社区生活垃圾减量化、资源化提供借鉴和政策参考。