Estimation and Prediction of Bioconcentration Factors of Nonionic Organic Chemicals in Fish by Electrotopological State Indices and Structural Parameter

Based on the characteristics of atom types, Hall＇s electrotopological state indices （En） are calculated for 165 nonionic organic compounds. On the basis of the characteristics of substituent and conjugated matrix, a novel molecular structure parameter （G） is defined and calculated for 165 molecules in this paper. En and G show good structural selectivity for organic molecules. G, a satisfactory relationship between bioconcentration factor （BCF） and En, is expressed as： 1gBCF = -0.283 ＋ 1.246G ＋ 0.079E42 ＋ 0.351E9- 0.063E17 （n＇ = 122, R = 0.967, F = 425.636, s = 0.394）, which could provide estimation and prediction for the lgBCF of nonionic organic chemicals. Furthermore, the model is examined to validate overall robustness with Jackknife tests, and the independent variables in model do not exist cross correlation with VIF. All these regression results show that the new parameter G and electrotopological state index have good rationality and efficiency. It is concluded that the En and G will be used widely in quantitative structure-property/activity relationship （QSPR/QSAR） research.

Spin-excited states and rectification in an organic spin rectifier

Spin-excited states in an asymmetric magnetic organic co-oligomer diode are investigated theoretically. The results demonstrate that the structural asymmetry of the co-oligomer is modulated by the spin-excited states, which is embodied in the wave functions of the eigenstates as well as the spin density wave. By calculating the transport property, a robust spin-current rectification concomitant with a charge-current rectification is observed in all spin-excited states. However, the current through the diode is suppressed distinctly by the spin-excited states, while the rectification ratios may be reduced or enhanced depending on the bias and the excited spins. The intrinsic mechanism is analyzed from the spin-dependent trans- mission combined with the change of molecular eigenstates under bias. Finally, the temperature-induced spin excitation is simulated. Significant rectification behavior is obtained even at room temperature.

Utilization of triplet excited states in organic semiconductors

Organic optoelectronics is an emerging research field, which has attracted extensive interests in the last few decades owing to its practical applications, like organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic memory devices, organic photovoltaic (OPV), sensors, and organic field-effect transistors[1, 2]. Organic semiconductors play a crucial role in this field. Compared to the traditional inorganic semiconductors, organic semiconductors open a fascinating research direction because of some unique advantages, such as flexible design, low cost, and rich optical and electronic properties. In organic optoelectronics, the excited states greatly determine the photoelectronic properties and application areas as shown in Fig. 1. Based on the electron spin in the molecule, the excited states of organic semiconductors include singlet and triplet states. As we know, the radiative transitions of singlet and triplet excited states are always accompanied by fluorescence and phosphorescence emission, respectively.

MLP training in a self-organizing state space model using unscented Kalman particle filter

Many Bayesian learning approaches to the multi-layer perceptron （MLP） parameter optimization have been proposed such as the extended Kalman filter （EKF）. This paper uses the unscented Kalman particle filter （UPF） to train the MLP in a self- organizing state space （SOSS） model. This involves forming augmented state vectors consisting of all parameters （the weights of the MLP） and outputs. The UPF is used to sequentially update the true system states and high dimensional parameters that are inherent to the SOSS moder for the MLP simultaneously. Simulation results show that the new method performs better than traditional optimization methods.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application Amount on Seedling Quality under No-tillage Semi-Solid State Direct Seeding

With early rice variety Zhongzao 39 as test material,this paper investigated the effects of organic fertilizer application rate on seedling quality under no-tillage semi-solid state direct seeding.The results showed that the seedling quality of no-tillage semi-solid direct seeding was better than that of traditional direct seeding,and different application rates of organic fertilizer under no-tillage semi-solid direct seeding also had signi ficant effects on seedling emergence rate,dry matter weight in ground and underground,stem base width,root activity,chlorophyll content and seedling growth index of rice seedlings.When the organic fertilizer dosage was A4(0.10∶1),it was most beneficial to the growth and development of rice seedlings under no-tillage semi-solid state direct seeding,it could effectively improve the quality of rice seedlings and enhance their resistances,the cultivated seedlings could lay a good foundation for high yield of rice in late stage.

Excited-State Nonlinear Photonic Devices Using Organic Materials

A Series of all-optical devices are proposed based on nonlinear excited-stateabsorption and working at non-resonant frequency. Experimental and theoretical results obtainedwith C_(60) and metal-organic materials using ns and ps laser at 532nm are presented.

Unveiling transplantation research productivity of United States: A bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND The United States has witnessed significant advancements in the field of organ transplantation over the course of the last five decades,as demonstrated by a notable increase in the quantity of academic research.The presence of a highly dynamic research environment necessitates continuous evaluations to maintain the integrity and progress of the field.AIM To evaluate the total output and thematic emphasis of transplant research conducted in the United States.METHODS On January 10,2023,we conducted a bibliometric search of United States research output in transplantation journals from the Web of Science database's Science Citation Index Expanded.We excluded editorials,meeting abstracts,and other non-article types.We analyzed annual trends,authors,institutions,articles,keywords,and countries collaborating with the United States,using VOSviewer 1.6.18 to create figures and tables.RESULTS The United States published 25956 papers(3078 reviews and 22878 articles)representing 37.7%of the world's scientific output.Canada emerged as the top collaborator with the United States,co-authoring 1263 articles.Leading institutions in United States transplantation research were the University of Pittsburgh(1749 articles),Mayo Clinic(1605 articles),Harvard Medical School(1549 articles),and Johns Hopkins University(1280 articles).The top three keywords with over 2000 occurrences were"recipients,""survival,"and"outcomes,"indicating a focus on graft and recipient outcome markers by United States researchers.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the United States leadership in organ transplantation research,contributing significantly to the global scientific output in this field.However,opportunities exist for fostering expansive partnerships,particularly with developing countries.This study provides valuable insights into the transplantation research landscape in the United States,emphasizing the importance of ongoing evaluations to maintain and propel advancements in this critical medical discipline.The results may facilitate future collaborations,knowledge exchange,and the pursuit of innovative solutions in the realm of organ transplantation.

生防枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1固体发酵工艺条件优化

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Czk1是一株具广谱拮抗、促生和诱导植株产生抗病性的根际益生菌。为了全面资源化利用农业废弃物中的有机养分和促进对植物土传病害的生物防治,本研究以Czk1为研究对象,以鸡粪为底肥,分别利用玉米秸秆、菌糠、椰糠堆肥为原料,采用液固两相发酵工艺,以稀释平板菌落计数法测定活菌总数和芽孢数,经过单因素和正交试验方法,明确Czk1固体发酵物料的配方、工艺参数和培养条件。得出Czk1固体发酵的最优条件:最佳原料为菌糠鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种重量为10%,黄豆粉添加量为10%,含水量为40%,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72h,在此条件下,Czk1菌株中的芽孢活菌数量总量可以达到8.63×10^(8)CFU/g,芽孢数为8.37×10^(8)CFU/g。其次,发酵效果较佳的原料为秸秆鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种量为10%,添加5%黄豆粉,40%含水量,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72 h,此条件下,Czk1接种菌株中的活菌数量总量可达到6.53×10^(8)CFU/g,芽孢数为5.97×10^(8)CFU/g;另外,在此配方条件下再添加30%菌糠,Czk1菌株的活菌数量总量及芽孢数分别可达到8.70×10^(8)CFU/g和6.90×10^(8)CFU/g。4种发酵生物肥原料的理化性质测定表明,其有机质含量、碳氮比均有较大差异,其中以鸡粪为原料其pH、全磷和全钾含量均最高,碳氮比最低,氮、磷、钾总含量均高于秸秆、椰糠和菌糠;秸秆为原料其电导率、有机质含量最高;椰糠为原料其全氮含量最高,菌糠为原料碳氮比最高。不同鸡粪与菌糠、秸秆及椰糠组合的生物有机肥的种子发芽指数均大于80%。因此,枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1具有良好的开发利用价值,选择合适的发酵生产条件可将农业废弃物制备出高质量的生物有机肥。

页岩油藏各赋存态油相体积的计算理论与方法

页岩油是赋存于富有机质页岩层系中的石油,勘探开发潜力巨大。页岩油赋存状态多样,油相主要以游离态赋存于无机矿物孔隙和有机质内部发育的孔隙中,以及以溶解态存在于有机质高分子缩聚物内部的溶解态油相,准确劈分不同赋存状态的油相体积对页岩油藏储量精细评价具有重要意义。目前,页岩油储层含油量主要是在孔径分析法、流体饱和实验、热解法或氯仿沥青“A”法等实验测试的基础上计算得到,但受限于测试原理和条件,这些方法无法准确表征不同赋存态页岩油体积。现基于页岩储集特征和流体赋存状态分析,建立页岩油藏各赋存态油相体积的理论计算模型,模型能够根据页岩物性参数定量计算页岩无机孔隙中的游离态油相体积、有机孔隙中的游离态油相体积、有机质内部的溶解态油相体积和总含油量,并能够得到页岩无机矿物介质和有机质的非常规物性参数,实现页岩各赋存态油相体积和总含油量的准确计算。结果表明:总有机碳含量主要影响有机质内部的有机游离态油相体积与溶解态油相体积,有机质溶解度主要对溶解态油相体积产生影响,页岩总孔隙度主要受无机孔隙度的影响,对于总孔隙度较高的页岩,其内部的无机游离态油相含量越高,有利于弹性开采。研究成果为页岩油藏的储层表征和储量准确评价提供了理论依据。

湖北荆州张大冢战国楚墓出土青铜器的成分与金相研究

利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、金相显微镜对荆州市纪南镇雨台村张大冢战国墓地出土12件青铜器进行成分与金相分析。结果表明,12件青铜器分别为铅锡青铜、锡铅青铜和锡青铜3种材质,铅锡(或锡铅)青铜器普遍含铅量较高,青铜器多以铸造成形,铜盘均采用热锻加工技术。不同类型及使用功能的器物,其合金成分与金相组织存在明显差异。张大冢墓地作为战国中晚期的楚国下等级贵族家族墓地,出土青铜容器也多为素面薄壁,锈蚀较为严重,但其出土青铜器的合金配比、制作技术及机械性能均展现出战国中晚期楚国工匠已经拥有成熟的青铜合金、铸造以及加工技术,也揭示出当时工匠有意识地在青铜明器与实用器的合金技术上存在区别对待,为全面认识东周时期楚都纪南城青铜冶铸业的发展状况提供科学依据。

新时代中央国家机关党的建设研究

机关党的建设是机关建设的根本保证。中央国家机关党组织与中央国家机关两者组织功能不同,但有着共同愿景即实现中华民族伟大复兴。这是中央国家机关党的建设与机关业务工作不能“两张皮”的底层逻辑,也决定了机关党建服务于中华民族伟大复兴的价值取向与工作着力点。中央国家机关党组(党组性质党委)①要通过加强理论学习中心组学习、坚持和完善党的民主集中制等,不断加强自身建设,提高履职行动力,实现对中央国家机关的全面领导;机关基层党组织要着力抓好基层党组织建设、党务工作者队伍和党员队伍建设,以及基层党建活动载体建设,推进机关基层党组织全面提升、全面过硬。在全部机关党建工作中,要把推进机关基层党建与机关业务工作深度融合贯穿始终,增强机关基层党建持续高质量推进的动力;积极探索落实党组(党委)机关党建主体责任的长效机制,推进机关党建常态化。

WTO国有企业相关问题:局限、趋势及对策

国有经济已经成为世界经济的重要组成部分,在全球范围内形成了不容小觑的竞争力量。为避免国有企业利用自身优势扭曲国际贸易,世界贸易组织采取“利益接受者”与“利益提供者”两种范式对国有企业相关问题作出规定,形成国有企业的基本规则框架,但相应规则存在适用范围有限、约束色彩较弱及界定标准不清等缺陷,为确保国有企业公平贸易及合规经营带来法律障碍。新一代国际经贸相关规则以竞争中立原则为导向,具有扩展国有企业非歧视义务、强化商业考虑要求及透明度要求、发展非商业援助条款及确立例外与过渡条款的趋势,一定程度上反映了多边贸易体系关于国有企业问题的改革方向。中国应以相应趋势为导向,通过参与国有企业规则谈判、争取例外与过渡条款、深化国有企业混合所有制改革及完善国有企业信息披露义务等方法,应对国有企业规则变革。

新时代国家机关深化政治机关建设的理论逻辑与实践要求

深化政治机关建设,首先必须明确政治机关的实质意涵、使命担当等基本问题。我国的各级各类国家机关是受党和人民的委托、执掌国家权力的机关,承担着巩固党的领导地位和人民主体地位、贯彻党和人民的主张和意志、发展最广大人民根本利益的政治贵任和使命,因此,它们本质上都是政治机关。新时代国家机关深化政治机关建设的实践要求主要有:贯彻党和人民最根本的意志;坚定马克思主义政治信仰;站稳服务人民政治立场;把准中国特色社会主义政治方向;强化管党治党政治担当;坚守“两个维护”政治原则。

美国有机食品全产业链融合发展的国际经验与政策启示

有机食品全产业链融合发展是应对中国消费结构转型升级、助力有机食品产业高质量发展的有效途径。本文从产业链视角出发,探究中美有机食品产业的发展现状,总结国际有益经验并提出中国有机食品全产业链融合发展的政策启示。研究发现:(1)中国有机食品产业链协同性水平不高,市场渗透率较低,呈现出“弱”而“散”的发展格局;(2)美国有机食品全产业链融合是一个由政府监督、企业参与和消费者驱动的复杂系统,其以分工协作为前提、以品牌信任为依托、以产业生态为纽带,打造产业联合体,以挖掘全链条的增值潜力。借鉴国际经验,本文政策启示如下:健全利益联结机制,完善有机认证体系,提高监管水平,引入现代生产要素,强化政策支持,推动有机食品全产业链创新性、融合式发展。

江河源冻土区土壤碳氮空间分布特征及其影响因素

江河源区是我国高寒生态安全屏障的重要区域,冻土的长期存在使其形成低温冻结环境,弱化了土壤微生物活性,抑制了土壤有机质的矿化过程,因而其近地表浅层土壤碳氮含量高。然而,土壤碳氮含量对不同冻土分区和环境因素响应的空间分异规律尚不清楚。为此,针对江河源4个不同冻土区(季节冻土区、岛状多年冻土区、不连续多年冻土区、片状连续多年冻土区)共11个样点进行植被样方调查、土壤分层采样。在分析碳氮含量的基础上,探讨了年均地温(MAGT)、活动层厚度(ALT)、海拔(ASL)、土壤深度(SD)、植被特征及土壤pH对土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、碳氮比(C/N)的影响。结果表明:(1)SOC、TN、C/N在片状连续多年冻土区最高,在季节冻土区最低,且与年均地温负相关,和海拔正相关;(2)江河源区SOC、TN、C/N随土壤深度的增加而降低,自表层至40cm深度整体下降幅度分别为58.45%、36.96%、17.01%;(3)SOC、TN、C/N与植被覆盖度(FVC)显著正相关(P≤0.05),与土壤pH值显著负相关(P≤0.01);(4)冗余分析表明,土壤pH、MAGT、ALT、SD、FVC是影响江河源区SOC、TN、C/N空间分布的关键因素。研究结果可为厘清气候趋暖条件下江河源区土壤碳氮空间分异规律及多年冻土热稳定性对土壤碳氮排放的影响提供科学基础,同时也有助于预测多年冻土区土壤碳氮空间变化。

One-year observation of the mixing states of oxygenated organics-containing single particles in Guangzhou,China

Oxygenated organic molecules(OOMs)play an important role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs),but the mixing states of OOMs are still unclear.This study investigates the mixing states of OOM-containing single particles from the measurements taken using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in Guangzhou,China in 2022.Generally,the particle counts of OOM particles and the mass concentration of secondary organic carbon(SOC)exhibited similar temporal trends throughout the entire year.The OOM particles were consistently enriched in secondary ions,including ^(16)O^(−),^(26)CN^(−),^(46)NO_(2)^(−),^(62)NO_(3)^(−),and ^(97)HSO_(4)^(−).In contrast,the number fractions and diurnal patterns of OOM particles among the total detected particles showed similar distributions in August and October;however,the SOC ratios in fine particulate matter were quite different,suggesting that there were different mixing states of single-particle oxygenated organics.In addition,further classification results indicated that the OOM particles were more aged in October than August,even though the SOC ratios were higher in August.Furthermore,the distribution of hydrocarbon fragments exhibited a notable decrease from January to October,emphasizing the more aged state of the organics in October.In addition,the sharp increase in elemental carbon(EC)-OOM particles in the afternoon in October suggests the potential role of EC in the aging process of organics.Overall,in contrast to the bulk analysis of SOC mass concentration,the mixing states of the OOM particles provide insights into the formation process of SOAs in field studies.

有机无机复合锂离子电池固态电解质专利分析

随着新能源汽车产业的飞速发展,传统液态电解质已经不能满足市场需求,固态电解质因其安全和能量密度优势已经成为未来发展的理想方向。然而由于无机电解质界面性能差和聚合物电解质材料离子电导率低的固有缺陷,严重阻碍了其实际应用,兼具无机电解质离子电导率高、力学性能好以及有机电解质柔韧性好且不与锂金属反应的复合体系固态电解质已经成为当前研究热点。为了解有机无机复合锂离子电池固态电解质发展态势,本文基于智慧芽Patsnap专利数据库检索结果,总结了全球及中国专利申请数量变化趋势和法律状态,对比了专利主要来源国和主要申请人情况,梳理了技术手段和技术效果之间的关系,重点从有机、无机、添加剂等材料组成,物理共混、三维、多层等复合方式以及特定制备工艺三个维度总结分析了专利技术发展情况。研究发现,我国在有机无机复合锂离子电池固态电解质专利布局方面具有数量优势,但目前申请人较为分散,且技术保护更多限于材料本身,建议加强合作交流,以及对上下游产业的整体技术保护,技术发展方向方面,高无机相用量的三维复合体系具有更佳的综合性能,但从产业化角度,聚合物填充无机颗粒体系可能发展得更快。

单一菌与复合菌发酵甘草渣产有机酸能力比较

为研究单一菌与复合益生菌对甘草渣发酵饲料品质的影响,试验以甘草渣为基础原料,与麸皮、豆粕、糖蜜复配,在此基础上以单菌(植物乳杆菌、酿酒酵母)和复合菌(植物乳杆菌、酿酒酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌)为发酵剂,借助食品检测中的碱滴定法,测定发酵饲料中的总酸含量,通过比较发酵饲料总酸含量及pH结合感官评价,衡量发酵饲料的品质。结果表明:(1)单菌在不同碳氮比条件下发酵,碳氮比为30时生成有机酸含量较碳氮比为25提高了2.8倍。(2)单菌发酵第7天时有机酸含量达到最高值,且pH在发酵第7天时达到最低值。(3)复合益生菌发酵组(E组、F组)与单菌酿酒酵母组(B组)比较甘草渣发酵饲料中有机酸生成量分别提高了52%、52.48%。由此可见,复合益生菌(植物乳杆菌、酿酒酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌)有利于促进甘草渣饲料发酵,无论是气味还是有机酸生成量均比单一菌株甘草渣发酵更优,甘草渣有成为发酵饲料的潜在价值。

基于多特征增强融合的交流接触器状态表征

准确掌握交流接触器的运行状态是实现交流接触器智能化的基础,为此提出了一种基于多特征增强融合的状态表征方法。首先针对交流接触器特征参数非线性、非平稳、随机变化、趋势性不明显但符合一定统计特性的特点,利用Wasserstein概率距离进行特征变换得到趋势性较强的初态特征;然后以多属性初态特征参数为驱动,考虑参数间强耦合的特点,利用自编码器神经网络进行特征压缩提取,剔除冗余信息,保留有用信息;在此基础上,以压缩提取特征为输入,通过自组织映射神经网络来实现多维特征的竞争性融合输出,得到交流接触器运行状态的综合健康指标,实现交流接触器状态的定量表征。最后,结合实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性,并与其他2种方法相比较,结果表明:所提方法得到的健康指标趋势性、单调性和鲁棒性相比其他2种方法分别至少提高了4%、24%和5%,研究可为下一步研究交流接触器的精准控制和智能化提供参考。

橘枳之辩:新旧“一肩挑”与国有企业研发效率——来自中国A股国有企业的经验证据

选取2008—2020年沪深两市A股国有企业作为样本进行实证分析,考察新“一肩挑”(董事长兼任党委书记)与旧“一肩挑”(董事长兼任总经理)对企业研发效率的影响差异,分析二者关系的作用机理,并探讨经济政策不确定性与企业风险承担能力的异质性影响。研究结果表明:与旧“一肩挑”相比,新“一肩挑”会显著提高企业研发效率,具体而言,可以通过优化国有企业经营效率和董事会治理效率提升企业研发效率;在经济政策不确定性较高和风险承担能力较低的国有企业中,新“一肩挑”对企业研发效率的正向作用更显著;新“一肩挑”通过提高企业研发效率提升企业价值,且该提升作用具有持续性。