Influence of Civil Authority on Rural Grass-roots Democracy and Social Autonomy in Northwest Minority Regions

System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.

Resource Dependence Relationship between Grass-roots Government and Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives

Based on theories of resource dependence and government functions,this paper analyzed benefit interaction between grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives in Hubei Province. It was intended to make clear the path dependence relationship between grassroots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives and find out problems in between. Besides,from the perspective of grass-roots government and farmers' specialized cooperatives,it came up with corresponding recommendations,to promote constant improvement of farmers' specialized cooperatives,and help them to become key forces of leading farmers to get rich,pull agricultural economic development,and promote new socialist countryside construction.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

The Grass-Roots Governance of the National Government in Tianjin Recovery Area After the Triumph of the Anti-Japanese War

The national government wants to penetrate into the grass-roots unit after the triumph of the Anti-Japanese War in the recovery area.Through the reorganization of the Baojia system,the government expects to achieve local autonomy and then solve the people’s livelihood issues.The new Baojia system provides a platform for people to achieve their own demands,which presents the vision of civil rights to a certain extent.However,because of the complexity of the postwar social environment,the Baojia system cannot completely represent the will of the people,and finally becomes a militarized organization that was used as a tool to carry out the government decree.

"Emperor's Power Far Away from the Countryside"and"Town in Charge of Village Affairs":The Extreme Grass-roots Management System is Not Conducive to the Healthy Development of the Countryside

This paper compares the two different rural management methods of"emperor’s power far away from the countryside"and"town in charge of village affairs",which shows that the extreme grass-roots management system is not conducive to rural development.This paper also points out that rural development needs to find a road of sustainable development in line with its own characteristics,which is the fundamental shortcut to change poverty and become rich for a long time.

基于Python爬虫技术的动物检疫信息预警系统

2016年,河南省动物检疫电子出证平台(简称“省平台”)已完成与国家动物检疫大数据平台(简称“国家平台”)的检疫数据对接。然而在指定通道制度实施后,国家平台检疫数据作为畜禽运输车辆查验的最终判定依据,如果省平台与国家平台间数据传输延迟,将严重影响指定通道的查验工作。为及时发现数据传输延迟的问题,基于Python爬虫技术开发了动物检疫信息预警系统,系统建成后取得了良好的应用效果,多次成功发挥预警作用,在一定程度上解决了数据传输延迟问题。同时,在辅助执法方面也起到了预警效果。本文介绍了该系统建设的背景、设计思路、系统框架,以及其在辅助执法方面的扩展应用,仅供同行参考。

基于禽类卡环追溯智慧兽医体系建设的探索与实践

为实现动物卫生监管智慧化,高效保障动物产品质量安全,本研究在搭建禽类检疫卡环追溯信息系统基础上,探索了多环节信息衔接-共享机制、硬软件保障、禽类卡环追溯智慧化实践路径及其运行体系的建设经验。结果显示:禽类卡环追溯智慧兽医体系运行后不仅堵住了检疫监管漏洞,而且营造了良好“企商”关系,降低了禽类屠宰企业经营成本,节约了禽类产品销售商时间,提高了企业及其产品竞争力,高效保障了肉品品质,确保了消费者吃上“放心肉”。最后就官方兽医能力提升、系统优化、多部门协调及立法建设等方面提出了建议,以期为动物卫生监督提供有益的可推广的方案。

耕读教育融入高校涉农专业的实施路径探讨——以畜牧兽医类专业为例

全面开展耕读教育是教育部对全国高校涉农专业学生培养提出的总体部署,开展耕读教育有利于传承我国的优秀传统文化、培养服务“三农”的高素质人才及涉农专业学生的全面发展,但目前仍存在对耕读教育认识不足、耕读教育质量不高等问题。该文以菏泽学院畜牧兽医类专业为例,探讨耕读教育融入畜牧兽医类专业的实施路径,通过构建耕读教育课程体系、建设耕读教育实践基地、完善耕读教育师资队伍、营造耕读文化校园氛围等途径,提升畜牧兽医类专业学生的耕读能力和专业素养,为现代畜牧业的发展提供人才支持。

河南省官方兽医队伍培训新模式探索

河南省聚焦官方兽医队伍培训工作,先后探索了实操练兵和检疫场景展示两种培训新模式,有力提升了官方兽医队伍的能力与水平。实操练兵模式是通过建立培训实操基地,利用理论学习与现场教学相结合的方式,对全省驻场官方兽医开展轮训;检疫场景展示是通过结合工作实际,整理出覆盖动物检疫各环节相关内容的场景命题,让官方兽医采用喜闻乐见的表演形式进行场景展示,现场模拟检疫过程,重点考查官方兽医的实操水平。本文梳理了这两种培训新模式的具体做法,总结分析了经验及成效。同时指出了应注意安全防护,加强与企业沟通,以及存在的对培训重视不足、对结果运用不理想等问题,由此提出了继续创新培训方式、完善实训基地建设、加大培训投入力度、加强培训结果运用等建议,以期为更好地开展官方兽医队伍培训工作提供参考。

一起动物诊疗机构将人用药品用于动物案的评析

2024年3月,A市农业行政执法机构在执法检查中发现,B动物诊疗机构涉嫌将人用药品用于动物。经立案调查,认定该违法事实存在,根据《兽药管理条例》依法进行了处理。本文对该起动物诊疗机构使用人用药品的违法案件进行剖析,重点围绕“单位”与“个人”的区别以及“无害化处理”“一事不再罚”“没收违法所得”等问题展开探讨,并结合问题提出了建立人用药品兽用清单制度,探索宠物诊疗领域首违不罚制度,明确动物诊疗活动中的主体责任,强化动物诊疗联合执法机制等思考建议,以期为农业行政执法人员查处同类案件提供参考。

由两起动物诊疗案件引发的几点思考

近年来,我国动物诊疗类案件逐渐增多。执法人员在办理该类案件时,在无证经营检查、兽医人员管理、违法证据收集、违法所得认定等方面往往会面临一些实际问题,尤其是中西部地区,受经济发展水平影响,诊疗机构数量不多,执法机构缺乏相关的办案经验。本文中,结合两起动物诊疗案件,对诊疗许可、执业兽医备案管理、多点执业、互联网诊疗、病历处方管理等方面的有关规定进行了系统梳理,并提出了一些思考,以期对执法同行有所借鉴和参考。

胶体金免疫层析技术在兽医领域的应用

在现代科学技术发展的加持下,兽医领域使用的检测技术也在不断更新,其中,胶体金免疫层析技术凭借在检验速度、成本、安全性、结果精准性方面的优势已经逐渐推广。该文针对胶体金免疫层析技术在兽医领域中的应用进行分析,在简单探讨该技术基本原理以及技术分类、特点的基础上,从动物的疾病诊断以及食品药品安全检验2方面分析该技术的实际应用。同时,也展望了未来该项技术与其他技术的联合应用发展趋势。

课程思政在《兽医临床诊断学》中的探索与实践

“师者,所以传道授业解惑也。”而这个“道”,是思想之道,处世之道。兽医临床诊断学作为一门医学基础性教育学科,不仅是每位医学生步入临床医学时的一块敲门砖,同时也是每位医学生取得成功时脚下坚实的阶梯。同时将思政元素融入兽医临床诊断学教学中,既打破原有只教授专业知识的教学模式,夯实学生临床专业基础,也真正做到在“授业、解惑”的同时也一并在“传道”,传授学生做人或待人处事的方法和道理,帮助学生树立健康且稳定的三观,同时也可强化学生对生命的珍视,并增强了学生的心理素质和社交能力,进一步发挥了课程思政在专业基础教育中的作用。

Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel:Mediating effect of social support

Background: To explore the relationship between acute stress, social support and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel, and construct the relational model through structural equation modeling. Methods: A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results: The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.209~0.465, P【0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale(r=0.356~0.537, P【0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.29, P=0.000), but also on lack of social support(the path coefficient was 0.39, P=0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder(the path coefficient was 0.48, P=0.000).Conclusions: Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.

The role of veterinarians in the One Health approach to antimicrobial resistance perspectives in Jordan

This study aims to evaluate the role of Jordanian veterinarians in terms of their knowledge,attitudes and common practices in combating antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and summarize the registered veterinary drugs between 20172020.Descriptive study data were collected using a standardized questionnaire that focused on the knowledge,attitudes,and practices of Jordanian veterinarians.The findings were analyzed descriptively;84%of the participants agreed with the statement on the definition of AMR.The majority(95.65%)of participants agreed that AMR is a challenge for the veterinary sector in Jordan and that it should be prioritized over other zoonotic diseases.Approximately 69%of the participants believed that the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials by unqualified,fraudulent,or unauthorized practitioners is the primary reason for the rise of cases associated with AMR and the challenges that accompany these.The most common practice among the respondents in this study was to recommend clients(e.g.,farmers and owners)to practice good animal husbandry(80.00%).The study also revealed that there was a significant difference(p=O.015)between attendance at AMR training sessions and the professional sector(private,public,and academic)of the veterinarians.This study underscores the importance of implementing a continuous education program on AMR so as to enhance the all-round knowledge of veterinarians and improve their advisory skills.In addition,laws should be enacted to ensure that veterinarians prescribe the correct antimicrobials and to improve surveillance systems for monitoring the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine.

Evaluation of Education of Veterinarians in Animal Welfare Issues

Education of veterinarians in animal welfare issues is important to improve the welfare and health of animals. A questionnaire to 250 veterinarians related to their knowledge on animal welfare issues has been carried out at the Veterinary School of the University of the Republic, Uruguay, during March-April 2012. The questions were related to the courses on animal welfare veterinarians received, their main field of work, the importance given to the information offered and the quality of the topics addressed. From the total of veterinarians surveyed, 45% （112） answered the questionnaire. Of those who responded, 47% attended to three or more animal welfare courses, 18% assisted to two courses and 22% to one. The occupation of the 82% of respondents was with beef and dairy cattle （large animals） or in the meat industry equally. 10% works with small animals （especially pets） and poultry （production and industry）. The 95% of respondents considered that animal welfare is very important for their daily work with animals 65% reported that animal welfare concepts have high applicability in their job. 85% considered that animal welfare should be part of the veterinary curricula and 100% expressed their compliance to be present in other courses on the subject. These results emphasize the importance afforded by Uruguayan veterinarians to improve their knowledge on animal welfare and to continue including specific courses in the veterinary curricula.

A Multitalented Veterinarian A Chinese expert in Mozambique helps standardize and support the local development of veterinary medicine

A Chinese expert in Mozambique helps standardize and support the local development of veterinary medicine When Yue Chenghe’s phone rang unexpectedly,he picked it up and heard an anxious voice at the other end:"Mr.Yue,the real-time image of the biological microscope has suddenly disappeared!"

新业态视域下宠物兽医应用型人才实践教学改革探索——以皖西学院动物医学专业(对口升学)为例

动物医学专业是农学类中的一个传统专业,以培养农场兽医为主。然而近年来,随着我国经济的快速增长,家庭饲养宠物越来越多,宠物医疗行业应运而生,成为高速发展的新兴产业,因此宠物兽医人才需求旺盛。在此新业态下,经过充分调研和论证,皖西学院动物医学专业(对口升学)确立了以培养宠物兽医为主的人才培养目标,制定了以培养学生过硬的宠物兽医临床疾病诊治能力为核心的人才培养方案。为此,教研团队从双能型师资队伍、校内外实践教学平台、实践课程体系和实践教学考核评价四方面进行教学改革,构建了实践教学体系,经过教学实践,取得了良好的教学效果,达到了人才培养的预期目标。

智慧养殖业中畜禽疾病的防治

智慧养殖业是指运用现代化电子信息技术和先进管理理念,对养殖生产全过程进行智能化管理和优化,以提高养殖效益和产品质量。在智慧养殖业中,畜禽疾病的防治是关键环节之一,其目标是实现疾病的早期预警、精准诊断和科学防治,以降低疫病风险,保障养殖业的可持续发展。畜禽疾病的防治包括:(1)畜禽疾病监测与预警:利用物联网技术和传感器设备,实时收集养殖场的环境数据和动物生理指标,通过对这些数据进行分析和挖掘,可以发现动物异常状况和潜在疾病风险。同时,结合机器学习和大数据分析技术,可以建立疾病预警模型,预测疫病的发生和发展趋势,为养殖场提供科学决策依据。(2)畜禽疾病诊断与评估:运用图像识别、机器学习等技术,对动物的行为、生理状况等进行监测和分析,可以提高疾病诊断的准确性和效率。(3)畜禽疾病防治策略:根据疾病预警和诊断结果,制定科学的防治策略,包括疫苗接种、药物治疗、隔离观察等。还可以运用智能化设备,如自动喂药器、消毒设备等,实现疫病的精准防治。(4)疫病信息管理与服务:建立疫病信息管理系统,实现疫病数据的实时采集、分析和共享,为政府部门、养殖企业、兽医机构等提供决策支持。同时,通过移动端应用、网站等渠道,为养殖户提供疫病防治知识、在线咨询等服务,提高养殖户的疫病防控意识和能力。总之,智慧养殖业中的畜禽疾病防治需要综合运用物联网、大数据、人工智能等技术,实现疾病的早期预警、精准诊断和科学防治,保障养殖业的可持续发展。

异恶唑啉类宠物驱虫药国内外研究进展及产品研发要点分析

异恶唑啉类药物是一类新型的体外抗寄生虫药,它的作用机制是对无脊椎动物的谷氨酸(GLU)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)门控氯离子通道有较强的抑制活性。近年来,美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)和欧洲药品管理局(European Medicines Agency, EMA)批准了多个异恶唑啉的单一化合物或药物组合物。因此,无论对于兽医临床工作者还是兽药研发人员来说,更全面的了解异恶唑啉类药物的相关信息至关重要。本文综述了近年来批准上市的异恶唑啉药物,对其国内外研发情况、产品特点及主要产品的研发要点进行了分析阐述,对各种药物的药效学、药代动力学和安全性进行了归纳总结,以期为临床兽医选择药物及研发人员开发此类药物提供参考。