To reverse the continuous deterioration of grassland ecology and to improve the well-being of herders, China has been formulating many national policies on payments for grassland ecological conservation. One of them, ...To reverse the continuous deterioration of grassland ecology and to improve the well-being of herders, China has been formulating many national policies on payments for grassland ecological conservation. One of them, the Grassland Eco-compensation Policy(GEP), is the biggest program for grassland protection in China since 1949. The GEP conserves natural grassland by paying herders cash subsidies. It also has worldwide significance because it can increase vegetative cover, improve the ecological balance, increase carbon sequestration and lessen the amount of dust reaching other countries through inhibiting soil erosion. Overall, we find that its ecological and socioeconomic effects are beneficial and further benefits may be observed in the future because while the socioeconomic effects usually appear quickly, ecological effects may take longer to manifest. 2015 is the last year for the first round of the GEP policy implementation and the extended policy for the GEP will be approved and continued by the central government. To make the policy more successful, we suggest coordinated planning, a comprehensive overview, higher compensation and collaborative study. Efficient implementation of the GEP could also provide valuable experience for other eco-compensation programs in China and numerous other regions of the world.展开更多
This paper aims to explore the impact of policy of giving rewards and subsidies(GRS) for grassland ecological conservation in Tibetan Plateau implemented by the Chinese government since 2009.Taking Gerze County in Nga...This paper aims to explore the impact of policy of giving rewards and subsidies(GRS) for grassland ecological conservation in Tibetan Plateau implemented by the Chinese government since 2009.Taking Gerze County in Ngari Prefecture in the Tibetan Autonomous Region(TAR) as an example,it discusses the objective,implementation and outcome of that policy with regard to the ecological reconstruction and problems that have ensured.Located in the northern part of the Qiangtang Plateau,Gerze is the largest county in Ngari Prefecture.It covers more than 7.8 million acres of pastureland,of which 6.2 million acres are usable for pastoralism; 3.4 million acres,however,lack water source.In recent decades,due to the increased population and other reasons,pastures of the area have shown signs of overgrazing,thus leading to serious degradation,desertification and salinization of the grassland.Since 2009,when neighboring Coqin County was chosen as a pilot site for the national ecological incentive and subsidy policy(or: ecological compensation policy),Gerze has also started to adopt this policy and brought ful implementation in 2010.Its purpose is to solve the problem of overgrazing.But like other policies carried out in Gerze,its implementation is faced with many challenges.First,it is difficult to define the types and scopes of the incentives and subsidies,which have become a major source of complaints of the local herdsmen.Second,the local herdsmen are also concerned with the fairness of assigning rewards and subsidies.Third,the high cost of the policy's implementation and supervision reduces its effects.Fourth,the fact that the herdsmen are not willing to reduce livestock population makes it difficult for the policy to achieve actual results.The author thinks it's necessary to revise and improve the current ecological incentive and subsidy policy.展开更多
【目的】草原生态保护补助奖励政策(以下简称“草原补奖政策”)可有效改善牧民生活、促进生产转型和保护生态环境。【方法】运用模糊集定性比较分析(Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis,fsQCA)方法,探讨高寒草甸、高寒草原、...【目的】草原生态保护补助奖励政策(以下简称“草原补奖政策”)可有效改善牧民生活、促进生产转型和保护生态环境。【方法】运用模糊集定性比较分析(Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis,fsQCA)方法,探讨高寒草甸、高寒草原、荒漠草原3类典型社区牧民群众对现行草原补奖政策满意度的影响因素及其组态效应。【结果】补贴时效为解释牧民草原补奖政策高满意度的必要条件;条件组态呈现出“殊途同归”的特点,其中单因素政策认知是最重要的驱动要素;条件组态间具有共性与互补关系,培育政策和生态认知具有普适性;荒漠草原地区牧民受生计资本影响较小。【结论】要分区施策、因地制宜制定差异化实施方案,提高补奖资金发放效率,探索多元化的补偿方式。同时,建立草原生态保护宣传网,提高牧民的生态及政策认知程度。展开更多
基金supported by the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (Grant No. 15XJC790004)Social Science Fund of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 13SC023)2013 Ph.D Scientific Research Starting Fund of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. Z111021504)
文摘To reverse the continuous deterioration of grassland ecology and to improve the well-being of herders, China has been formulating many national policies on payments for grassland ecological conservation. One of them, the Grassland Eco-compensation Policy(GEP), is the biggest program for grassland protection in China since 1949. The GEP conserves natural grassland by paying herders cash subsidies. It also has worldwide significance because it can increase vegetative cover, improve the ecological balance, increase carbon sequestration and lessen the amount of dust reaching other countries through inhibiting soil erosion. Overall, we find that its ecological and socioeconomic effects are beneficial and further benefits may be observed in the future because while the socioeconomic effects usually appear quickly, ecological effects may take longer to manifest. 2015 is the last year for the first round of the GEP policy implementation and the extended policy for the GEP will be approved and continued by the central government. To make the policy more successful, we suggest coordinated planning, a comprehensive overview, higher compensation and collaborative study. Efficient implementation of the GEP could also provide valuable experience for other eco-compensation programs in China and numerous other regions of the world.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Fund of China (Grant No.71273183)Natioanl Project 985 of Sichuan University
文摘This paper aims to explore the impact of policy of giving rewards and subsidies(GRS) for grassland ecological conservation in Tibetan Plateau implemented by the Chinese government since 2009.Taking Gerze County in Ngari Prefecture in the Tibetan Autonomous Region(TAR) as an example,it discusses the objective,implementation and outcome of that policy with regard to the ecological reconstruction and problems that have ensured.Located in the northern part of the Qiangtang Plateau,Gerze is the largest county in Ngari Prefecture.It covers more than 7.8 million acres of pastureland,of which 6.2 million acres are usable for pastoralism; 3.4 million acres,however,lack water source.In recent decades,due to the increased population and other reasons,pastures of the area have shown signs of overgrazing,thus leading to serious degradation,desertification and salinization of the grassland.Since 2009,when neighboring Coqin County was chosen as a pilot site for the national ecological incentive and subsidy policy(or: ecological compensation policy),Gerze has also started to adopt this policy and brought ful implementation in 2010.Its purpose is to solve the problem of overgrazing.But like other policies carried out in Gerze,its implementation is faced with many challenges.First,it is difficult to define the types and scopes of the incentives and subsidies,which have become a major source of complaints of the local herdsmen.Second,the local herdsmen are also concerned with the fairness of assigning rewards and subsidies.Third,the high cost of the policy's implementation and supervision reduces its effects.Fourth,the fact that the herdsmen are not willing to reduce livestock population makes it difficult for the policy to achieve actual results.The author thinks it's necessary to revise and improve the current ecological incentive and subsidy policy.
文摘【目的】草原生态保护补助奖励政策(以下简称“草原补奖政策”)可有效改善牧民生活、促进生产转型和保护生态环境。【方法】运用模糊集定性比较分析(Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis,fsQCA)方法,探讨高寒草甸、高寒草原、荒漠草原3类典型社区牧民群众对现行草原补奖政策满意度的影响因素及其组态效应。【结果】补贴时效为解释牧民草原补奖政策高满意度的必要条件;条件组态呈现出“殊途同归”的特点,其中单因素政策认知是最重要的驱动要素;条件组态间具有共性与互补关系,培育政策和生态认知具有普适性;荒漠草原地区牧民受生计资本影响较小。【结论】要分区施策、因地制宜制定差异化实施方案,提高补奖资金发放效率,探索多元化的补偿方式。同时,建立草原生态保护宣传网,提高牧民的生态及政策认知程度。
