Practice and Thinking of Grid Management to Promote Crime Prevention and Control in Urban Community

Practice and Thinking of Grid Management to Promote Crime Prevention and Control in Urban

Rodent Damage and Control Methods in Hami Grassland of Xinjiang

Since 2002,Hami City,Xinjiang Province,has implemented"construction project of rodent-free demonstration area".Artificial eagle frames are installed on the grassland to control rodent damage,receiving remarkable control effect.The rodent density in the treatment area is below the threshold of hazard.Moreover,the implementation of the project increases the grassland biomass and improves the vegetation coverage,receiving good economic,ecological and social benefits.

Effects of policies and containment measures on control of COVID- 19 epidemic in Chongqing

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging,rapidly evolving disease that spreads through the respiratory system and is highly contagious.In March 2020,the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.In China,the pandemic was controlled after 2 mo through effective policies and containment measures.Describing the detailed policies and containment measures used to control the epidemic in Chongqing will provide a reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in other areas of the world.AIM To explore the effects of different policies and containment measures on the control of the COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing.METHODS Epidemiological data on COVID-19 in Chongqing were prospectively collected from January 21 to March 15,2020.The policies and prevention measures implemented by the government during the epidemic period were also collected.Trend analysis was performed to explore the impact of the main policy measures on the effectiveness of the control of COVID-19 in Chongqing.As of March 15,the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in Chongqing was 1.84/100000(576 cases)and the infection fatality rate was 1.04%(6/576).The spread of COVID-19 was controlled by effective policies that involved establishing a group for directing the COVID-19 epidemic control effort;strengthening guidance and supervision;ensuring the supply of daily necessities and medical supplies and equipment to residents;setting up designated hospitals;implementing legal measures;and enhancing health education.Medical techniques were implemented to improve the recovery rate and control the epidemic.Policies such as“the lockdown of Wuhan”,“initiating a first-level response to major public health emergencies”,and“implementing the closed management of residential communities”significantly curbed the spread of COVID-19.Optimizing the diagnosis process,shortening the diagnosis time,and constructing teams of clinical experts facilitated the provision of“one team of medical experts for each patient”treatment for severe patients,which significantly improved the recovery rate and reduced the infection fatality rate.CONCLUSION The prevention policies and containment measures implemented by the government and medical institutions are highly effective in controlling the spread of the epidemic and increasing the recovery rate of COVID-19 patients.

GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND THEIRS CONTROL

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An assessment of China's joint prevention and control policy on sulfur dioxide emissions reduction:A spatial econometric analysis

Sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))is a typical pollutant that affects human health,climate,and environmental and ecological conditions.China has been experiencing high concentrations of SO_(2),particularly in urban areas,since the 1990s.In 2010,a"joint prevention and control"(JPC)policy was issued to address air pollution problems and strengthen the regulation of SO_(2)emissions.This study aimed to describe the mitigation effects of this policy on SO_(2)emissions in 116 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2017.We applied global and local Moran's I indices to confirm the presence of significant spatial autocorrelation in SO_(2)emissions and constructed four spatial models to assess the effect of the JPC policy in reducing SO_(2)emissions and its transmission mechanism.We found that the policy decreased SO_(2)emissions by 1.89×10^(4)tons,S0_(2)intensity by 1.70 tons per km^(2),and S0_(2)per capita of 158.49 tons per 10,000 people in each city,on average,all of which are significant changes.The empirical results also show that population growth,economic structure,and environmental protection significantly decrease SO_(2)emissions.Finally,we recommended policies to encourage regional cooperation under the JPC policy,with the aim of promoting furtherreductions in SO_(2)emissions.

宏观审慎政策宽松实践、效果评估及现实启示

宏观审慎政策不仅要在风险积累时坚定稳妥收紧,而且要在风险显性化时及时有效放松,已有研究多聚焦前者,针对后者的研究相对较少,而后者对于完善宏观审慎政策框架、防范系统性金融风险、提高逆周期调节能力同样具有重要现实意义。本文探讨了宏观审慎政策宽松的内涵、作用机理和制约因素,梳理了新冠疫情前及疫情期间宏观审慎政策宽松的国际实践,并基于66国数据采用计量模型科学评估了政策效果,在此基础上总结了实施宏观审慎政策宽松的有益经验,分析了我国宏观审慎政策宽松实践现状及存在的问题,并提出政策建议。研究发现,宏观审慎政策宽松可通过稳定信贷市场、保障金融运行、引导正向预期、产生外部性等传导渠道实现政策目标,但也面临不少制约因素;总体看,疫情期间实施宏观审慎政策宽松显著缓解了疫情冲击带来的经济压力和金融压力,其中,逆周期资本缓冲工具的宽松效果相对突出;有效积累缓冲、保障缓冲释放、把握好政策尺度是提高宏观审慎政策宽松效果的重要因素;我国探索开展了内容丰富、特色鲜明的宏观审慎政策宽松实践,但还存在政策潜力有待释放、政策工具箱仍需丰富完善、政策视野需要向非银金融部门延伸、政策应对非传统风险能力有待提高等问题。结合我国宏观审慎管理实际,本文从健全完善宏观审慎政策宽松实施机制、疏通宏观审慎政策宽松传导渠道、把握宏观审慎政策宽松操作尺度、夯实宏观审慎政策宽松工具储备等四个方面提出政策建议。

东北地区森林草原湿地生态系统外来入侵物种概况及对策

在对东北地区部分有害生物来源考证的基础上,筛选出56种外来入侵物种作为东北地区森林、草原、湿地生态系统的主要种类,并对其入侵特征进行分析。结果表明:原产地以北美洲种类最多,入侵东北种类总体呈不断增加势头,入侵途径以无意引入为主,入侵地以辽宁省种类居多,入侵生境在森林、草原、湿地生态系统均有代表性种类。进一步筛选出18种外来入侵物种作为东北地区森林、草原、湿地生态系统的重要种类,并对其重要性进行评述,根据每种在入侵过程的阶段性,分别提出防止入侵、阻止扩散和抑制危害的防控管理对策。针对完善入侵生物学理论提出3点建议,针对提升东北地区外来入侵物种防控能力提出4点建议。

我国疾病预防控制机构考核评价政策沿革、问题及对策

通过梳理总结我国针对疾控机构/工作开展考核评价相关的政策文件及文献,总结当前疾控机构考核评价关键点,梳理现存问题,并提出改进的对策建议,为新时代下疾病预防控制中心考核评价相关政策文件的制定提供借鉴。

Group Decision-Making Method of Entry Policy During a Pandemic

Omicron,the new mutant coronavirus,has spread rapidly globally,attracting close attention from different stakeholders worldwide.The complex and constantly changing epidemic situation has had a new impact on the world.Therefore,this paper focuses on the characteristics of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 variant strain.Generally,epidemic prevention experts conduct preliminary screening as part of the existing epidemic plan database according to the current local situation,after which they sort the alternatives deemed more suitable for the situation.Then the decision-makers identify the most divergent expert group,plan for consultation and adjustments,and finally obtain the plan with the smallest divergence.This article aims to integrate the experts'opinions with the method of minimizing the differences,which can maximize the expert consensus and help organize the schemes that best meet the epidemic situation.The experts'negotiation and iteration of the differences in the initial plan align with the current complex and dynamic epidemic situation and are of great significance to the rapid formulation of plans to achieve effective prevention and control.

费效分析助力深入打好污染防治攻坚战

污染防治已进入攻坚期和深水区,剩下的都是“难啃的硬骨头”,要实现深入打好污染防治攻坚战目标,不仅需要付出比以往更多更艰苦的努力,更需要有的放矢、采用恰当的策略、战术和方法,兼顾效果和效率,亦即深入打好污染防治攻坚战不仅要打得好,更要打得巧。因此,在当前经济形势下,在财政预算收紧和人力物力有限的条件下,迫切需要对深入打好污染防治攻坚战各项政策措施开展全面深入的费用-效益分析(以下简称费效分析),以寻求实现污染控制目标的低成本和有效的污染控制战略、措施和政策。对污染防治攻坚战全面深入地开展费效分析具有重大意义:有利于实现攻坚目标,确保攻坚战的有效性;有利于降低实现攻坚目标的成本,确保攻坚战的经济合理性;有利于优化实施攻坚措施,确保攻坚战的科学性;有利于防范化解攻坚风险,确保攻坚战的稳定性。费效分析广泛应用于国外环境政策的制定实施,近年来在我国环境政策决策中也逐步得到重视和应用发展,但同时也面临理论和方法不完善、数据基础相对薄弱、专业人才力量不足等问题和挑战。建议从四个方面大力推动开展污染防治攻坚战费效分析:一是将费效分析纳入攻坚战决策与实施全过程,二是构建完善费效分析理论框架和技术方法体系,三是系统整合完善费效分析基础数据,四是加强费效分析人员队伍建设。

The impact of the COVID-19 prevention and economic interventions on express delivery industry:Evidence from China

As a fundamental logistics service,the express delivery(ED)industry provides production and consumption activities to maintain efficient supply chain operations.It plays an important role in promoting industrial development and maintaining daily life and consumption.This study examined the effects of COVID-19 on the ED industry using ED package delivery data from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China.Using a difference-in-differences method,the COVID-19 outbreak was found to have a positive effect and epidemic prevention and control(EPC)policies were found to have negative effects on the development of the ED industry.In addition to EPC policies,the Chinese government has implemented other short-term economic interventions(SEI),such as the resumption of work and production(RWP),policies to balance economic growth,and epidemic prevention.This study divided the pandemic period into three stages to analyze the different impacts of EPC and SEI policy changes on the ED industry.The RWP policies adopted during the pandemic positively impacted the volume and income of packages delivered to the ED industry.The conclusions of this study are significant for the ED industry in addressing public health emergencies and for the Chinese government to formulate EPC and SEI policies during epidemic periods.

入境火扑救工作经验总结——以第五师“9·8”中哈边境森林草原火灾为例

入境火由于其特殊的性质,给森林火灾的防控带来一定的困难,做好入境火的监控管理及扑救总结,将对我国的资源保护起到至关重要的作用。通过对中哈边境第五师双河市84团界内夏尔希里自然保护区边境线交界处和84团北山草场边境线内入境森林草原火灾有效防控措施和扑灭过程的经验总结,为今后我国边境地区入境火的防治提供对策和建议。

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中国防治政策变迁

自2020年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)正式宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情成为全球大流行之后,全球114个国家或区域受到不同程度的影响。后疫情时代的到来要求各国采取新的疫情防控措施,以应对未来可能出现的问题和挑战。为帮助我国在后疫情时代巩固几年来的防疫成果并获取更大的发展窗口,本文探析了全球疫情变化及各国主要防治政策的变化,总结归纳了我国疫情防治政策的发展变迁,提出适应我国国情的以家庭为核心的新型精准防控措施。

农业政策对基层植保的影响与应对策略

该文旨在深入探讨中国农业政策对基层植保的影响,并针对这些影响提出有效的应对策略。首先,对农业补贴政策、农业绿色发展政策、农业科技推广政策、农业保险政策及农业环保政策进行深入剖析,并揭示这些政策对基层植保的深远影响。包括农业补贴政策对农民的植保投入产生显著影响,农业绿色发展政策推广生物农药和绿色防控技术,对减少化学农药的使用产生的影响,农业科技推广政策对农民的植保知识和技能产生直接影响,农业保险政策帮助农民病虫害防治过程的影响,农业环保政策的严格性可能会限制某些农药的使用,给基层植保体系带来的影响等。针对以上影响,该文提出一系列的应对策略。包括加强农业科技推广,提高农民的植保知识和技能;建立和完善农作物病虫害防控体系,提高基层植保效率;引导农民参与农业保险,减轻病虫害带来的损失;促进绿色植保,减少农业环保政策对基层植保的负面影响。

北方超大城市三水协同科技支撑路径研究

本研究针对北方超大城市在推动水资源、水环境、水生态三水统筹协同治理过程中存在的科技和管理支撑短板,从理论科研、技术科研和决策科研三个维度,深度探讨了北方超大城市实现三水协同的科技支撑路径,以期为我国北方城市单元和城市群三水问题的科学统筹提供破题思路和借鉴。

我国内涝治理政策梳理及探讨

近年来,内涝灾害防治成了全球性的复杂问题,严重影响人民正常生产生活和生命财产安全。我国高度关注城市洪涝问题,十八大以来,为加强城市内涝治理,已经发布了一系列政策文件,为城市内涝治理指明了方向,提供了原则性和普适性的治理思路。为深刻领会相关政策精神,指导各地开展内涝治理工作,从治理目标、治理思路、重点任务、保障措施等几方面,对既有文件进行梳理总结,提出落实政策要求的建议,为各地推进城市内涝治理工作提供参考。

抓好森林草原防灭火工作的思考——以贵州省六盘水市为例

简述了贵州省六盘水市森林草原防灭火工作情况,通过近年来贵州省及六盘水市的部分森林火情火警数据分析当前森林火情火警发展规律,理清当前森林草原防灭火存在的主要问题及面临的主要形势,提出了森林草原防灭火工作的几点思考,以此为高效及时做好森林草原防灭火工作提供借鉴。

陆良县森林、草原、湿地生态系统外来入侵物种现状及防控对策

笔者通过实地调查和分析,掌握了目前入侵陆良森林、草原、湿地生态系统的9种外来入侵物种,阐述了紫茎泽兰、喜旱莲子草、垂序商陆等8种陆生植物以及1种昆虫红火蚁等外来入侵物种的发生、分布、危害治理现状,提出了加强宣传及监测预警、分类综合防治等管理建议,为今后森林、草原、湿地生态系统外来入侵物种防控管理工作提供参考。

云南省“十三五”期间森林草原防灭火建设现状及对策建议

通过对云南省“十三五”以来森林草原防灭火建设取得的成效、面临的形势和存在的主要问题等分析与总结,提出针对性的对策和建议,为云南省森林草原防灭火建设提供重要的参考。

当代城市交通拥堵问题的应对策略研究

随着城市化进程的加速,城市交通拥堵问题日益严重。第一部分通过对城市交通拥塞的问题识别,深入探讨了当代城市交通拥塞的形成原因以及拥塞问题带来的影响和挑战。第二部分则侧重于交通拥塞问题的应对策略研究,包括利用科技创新解决拥塞问题、优化公共交通系统以减轻道路压力,以及实施交通需求管理策略等方法。第三部分则关注对交通政策法规的设立与执行、跨部门协调与城市综合交通管理的研究,以及对城市交通拥塞问题的治理及实践效果进行评价。整体研究提出了综合性防治城市交通拥塞的策略与方法,对于缓解城市交通问题仍具有很大的实践价值。