Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms:transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry

Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and exacerbates S. aureus infection by allowing the bacteria to adhere to pathological areas and livestock product surfaces, thus triggering animal health crises and safety issues with livestock products. To solve this problem, in this review, we provide a brief overview of the harm caused by S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts(meat and dairy products). We also describe the ways in which S. aureus spreads in animals and the threats it poses to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are then explained. Finally, we discuss strategies for the removal and eradication of S. aureus and biofilms in animal husbandry, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These strategies to reduce the spread of S. aureus in animal husbandry help maintain livestock health and improve productivity to ensure the ecologically sustainable development of animal husbandry and the safety of livestock products.

Research on the Development of Smart Animal Husbandry in Beijing

With the rapid development of agricultural science and technology,animal husbandry,as an important pillar in the field of agriculture,is gradually moving towards a new era of smart animal husbandry with the deep integration of informatization and digitalization.This transformation not only breaks through the traditional production mode of animal husbandry,but also promotes it to a new form under the Internet ecology,draws a new blueprint for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry,and gives birth to numerous potential business opportunities for the development of new agriculture.However,the practice and promotion of smart animal husbandry is not a smooth road,and many challenges and problems need to be solved urgently.On the basis of an in-depth investigation of the development status of smart animal husbandry in Beijing,this paper comprehensively analyzes the current problems,including the difficulty of technology integration,the lack of talent reserve,and the need to improve the policy environment.In view of these problems,it puts forward a series of practical suggestions,in order to speed up the development of animal husbandry in Beijing to the direction of smart development,and realize the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

Development and prospect of marine husbandry in Tianjin

Under the background of a new round of transformation and upgrading of the marine fishery industrial structure and the"speed up and upgrading"of the national marine ranching,this paper uses the method of combining practical experience,literature review,and field research to describe the development of marine ranching at home and abroad,and summarizes the practice process and achievements of Tianjin marine ranch:one national and two provincial marine ranch demonstration areas,16 ecotype reef areas,one seafood demonstration area,and one floating fish reef demonstration area were built,with a total scale of 26.9 km^(2),and a total of 134900 m^(2) fish reefs.This paper emphatically analyzed the construction experience and characteristics of the Tianjin Dashentang Marine Ranch demonstration area.Combined with the development orientation and objectives of Tianjin marine ranch,it is proposed to unify understanding,perfect development concept,accelerate the pace of scientific research,and adhere to ecological priority.In future,the construction of Tianjin marine ranch should encourage innovation to achieve leap-forward development,explore a new model of fishery development based on the'Economic Union',with'marine ranching-ecological farming-leisure tourism-featured products'as the main body.Based on relevant experience at home and abroad,the industrialization model of marine ranch with Tianjin characteristics should be established,which aims to provide strong support for the construction of"blue granary"in Tianjin,the implementation of Tianjin's coastal ranching strategy,and the promotion of Tianjin coastal ecosystem reconstruction and fishery resource recovery.

乡村振兴背景下涉农高职院校科教融汇研究与实践

通过问卷调查、实地访谈等形式,采取文献研究、调查研究和比较研究等方法,分析了当前涉农高职院校对于科教融汇的重视程度、行业需求与人才培养匹配度、融汇渠道以及教师队伍4个方面的问题,提出针对性的解决对策,并开展具体实践。具体对策包括构建“产、学、研、训、创”五位一体的协同发展模式,构建科技创新与创新型人才培养相融相辅相成的新模式,搭建平台畅通科教融汇渠道,以及引育结合提升教师团队教科研水平等。以铜仁职业技术学院为例开展科教融汇的具体实践,取得了明显成效,包括政、校、行、企、研协同搭建创新驱动基地,创新“六双融通、互育共培”人才培养模式,建成融入山地特色高新技术的教学资源体系,协同攻关纵深推进校企深度合作,打造“双高三能型”教师队伍。本文为提升涉农高职院校科技创新能力、教师教学能力和人才培养质量,助推产教深度融合、区域产业发展等提供实际应用参考。

乡村振兴背景下高职畜牧兽医专业实践育人模式的研究

[目的]探索高职畜牧兽医专业实践育人模式的路径,提升畜牧兽医专业实践教学效果,培养“一懂两爱”的新型农牧人才。[方法]以周口职业技术学院高职畜牧兽医专业学生为研究对象,针对畜牧兽医专业实践教学现状,从乡村振兴战略的视角,优化实践育人模式。[结果]通过创新畜牧兽医专业实践育人模式,人才培养质量大幅提升,专业建设硕果丰富,“三教”改革效果明显。[结论]畜牧兽医专业实践育人模式的改革,对高职院校培养具有“三农”意识的畜牧兽医高素质人才具有重要的导向作用。

Impacts and Countermeasures of Climate Change on Animal Husbandry in Qinghai Plateau and Its Surrounding Area

The paper aims to study the impacts and countermeasures of climate change on animal husbandry in Qinghai plateau and its surrounding area,and evaluate the effect of countermeasures.Results showed that：First,the annual mean temperature,annual mean maximum temperature and annual mean minimum temperature showed an increasing trend in Qinghai plateau during the time from 1961 to 2008; the annual precipitation had not obvious change,but the obvious feature of seasonal change; wind speed and sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend during the time from 1961 to 2008.Secondly,under the current climate condition,grassland productivity showed a decreasing trend,and the grassland theoretical capacity affected by grassland productivity decreased too; warm winter was in favor of livestock overwintering safely,which resulted in a high level of the survival rate of young stock; temperature increasing and precipitation decreasing were beneficial to the fatness of livestock,but the meat yield of livestock was affected by some negative factors such as grassland degradation; livestock diseases had a close relationship with weather condition,and adverse weather condition may arose many diseases of livestock.Thirdly,in view of the current problems of livestock production,we took a series of countermeasures including grass industry construction,livestock improvement,developing new modes of animal husbandry,control and prevention of stockbreeding diseases and insect pests and recovery of meteorological disasters,which played a important role in promoting grassland productivity,solving the problem of the imbalances between livestock and forage,protecting the ecological environment and improving livestock performance.

Carrying Capacity of Grassland and Sustainable Development of Animal Husbandry in Qinghai Lake Area

Based on the estimation of carrying capacity of grassland and status analysis of animal husbandry in Qinghai Lake area, the paper explores the strategic measure of sustainable development of animal husbandry in Qinghai Lake area under the actual conditions.

草畜平衡研究的文献计量分析(2003—2023年):研究进展与趋势

为深入了解草畜平衡领域的研究进展与前沿热点,以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中的相关文献为数据源,基于文献计量分析方法,利用VOSviewer 1.6.20和CiteSpace 6.2.R6软件对国内外相关研究的国家、机构、作者合作网络及关键词共现、聚类、突现等进行分析,明确了草畜平衡领域的研究热点与发展趋势。结果表明:(1)国内外草畜平衡研究的发文量逐年上升,国际发文量的增速大于国内;(2)中国、美国和德国为发文量最多的国家,研究力量主要集中在高等院校和研究机构,中国科学院和内蒙古农业大学为此类研究的重要机构;(3)《草原与草坪》和Agricultural and Forest Meteorology分别为此类研究发文量最大的中文、英文期刊,草畜平衡研究中畜牧与动物医学是国内最受欢迎的学科类别,而环境科学是国际最受欢迎的学科类别;(4)目前草畜平衡领域研究内容以草地生态保护及土地利用、草原生态补偿政策及影响因素、草地植被及草地资源为主。研究指出,未来草畜平衡领域的研究重点将关注中国的新疆、青海、内蒙古以及黄土高原等地区,应加强载畜率、家畜数量、家庭牧场以及草原生态保护补偿政策的研究。同时,探索放牧、休牧、禁牧等草地生态系统管理措施对草畜平衡研究的影响机制。

中国畜牧业碳排放效率时空演化特征及其溢出效应研究

碳达峰碳中和是实现低碳发展的内在要求,畜牧业碳排放效率直接影响我国的低碳发展。基于中国31个省份2000—2020年的数据,运用EBM模型对畜牧业碳排放效率进行测度,并依靠空间杜宾模型探讨畜牧业碳排放效率的溢出效应。结果表明:(1)我国畜牧业碳排放效率由高到低依次是东部、中部、西部、东北,还存在较大的减排潜力,区域间发展不平衡的现象在逐渐加剧。(2)总体上我国畜牧业碳排放效率呈显著的空间正相关。(3)产业集聚、城镇化水平、乡村从业人员文化水平对畜牧业碳排放效率有显著的正向影响,经济发展水平和环境规制水平对畜牧业碳排放效率则表现为显著的负向影响;财政支农水平和产业结构对畜牧业碳排放效率有显著的负外部性影响。(4)各地区要优化减排增效目标,加强区域间交流合作,充分利用溢出效应,以实现畜牧业低碳发展。

Circulation Technology and Model of Agroforestry and Animal Husbandry

On basis of analysis on agroforestry-animal husbandry ecosystem characters, the research explored nutrient flow model of material cycle and carbon cycle and agroforestry-animal husbandry mutualism model and supporting technology in Yangtze-Huaihe Region, taking Robinia pseudoacacia stand and rubber garden as an example.

乡村振兴战略下提升畜牧人才培养质量的策略思考--以榆林学院陕西榆阳湖羊科技小院为例

在全面推进乡村振兴战略背景下,涉农高校的人才培养模式一直处于不断的探索中,其目的是为现代农业创新和乡村振兴战略的实施培养人才,但现状是乡村振兴人才队伍严重匮乏,尤其缺乏高层次创新型、复合型、应用型人才。本文以榆林学院陕西榆阳湖羊科技小院为例,分析了当前畜牧人才培养过程中存在的问题,强调以科技小院为培养平台,以畜牧专业人才培养模式改革为核心,从思政教育、创新人才培养课程体系、强化实践环节、资金项目投入等方面,涉农高校、政府及科技小院依托单位高度协作,对畜牧人才培养进行积极探索与实践,以期为畜牧专业人才培养提供思路和借鉴。

12月龄藏羊补饲育肥效果分析

为确立放牧藏羊有效补饲时间,对两组营养水平相近,牧养方式相同的藏羊,在不同时段2022年10月2日至2022年12月30日(试验一),2023年1月1日至2023年3月31日(试验二)补饲相同量饲料,开展不同时段补饲试验。从增重效果分析,试验一全期平均总增重4.50 kg,较试验二全期平均总增重3.9 kg多增重0.6 kg,补饲效果较好。从补饲效益分析,试验一只均增加收益57.15元,试验二只均增加收益58.65元,试验一补饲效益稍低于试验二,但无显著差异。从生态效益分析,通过暖季草原适度放牧与冷季半舍饲补饲育肥相结合,实现藏羊12月龄出栏,可减轻冷季草场压力,促进草原畜牧业生产经营方式改变,使甘南牧区生态良好、生产发展、生活富裕、社会和谐。综合经济生态效益得出:放牧藏羊适时补饲是高寒牧区草原畜牧业从“靠天养畜”向“科学牧养”转型发展,产业提质增效的有效途径。试验一(补饲时段10月至12月)为12月龄藏羊补饲育肥效益最大化时段。

基于Topsis多目标决策视角的草原畜牧业现代化水平动态评析

畜牧业作为内蒙古的主导产业,在外部草原承载力约束与内部产业升级瓶颈的双重挑战下,亟需转型为生产效率更高的现代畜牧业。本文借鉴已有研究成果,结合内蒙古自治区土地利用的时空格局演变分析,测度出内蒙古畜牧业现代化水平逐步提升,但近年来增速有所减缓。草原围栏面积以及机械化程度的提高是制约草原畜牧业发展的关键因素。为此,本文提出了一系列建议,包括优化生产模式、加强牧区基础设施建设、提高草原地力,以促进畜牧业的可持续发展。

县域尺度下畜牧业生产空间布局优化与管控策略——以若尔盖县为例

草地是畜牧业的生产基地和重要生态屏障,而普遍存在的草畜失衡问题是破坏草地生态系统的重要原因之一。在优化畜牧业生产空间布局的基础上实现畜牧业生产活动的精细化管控,对草地生态修复和实现草畜平衡至关重要。尽管以往学者在高原地区不同放牧制度与高原草地生态系统关系方面已取得了大量研究成果,但在空间规划领域对畜牧业生产空间布局优化及精细化管控的相关研究仍较少。基于此,本研究以青藏高原典型牧区县—四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州若尔盖县为例,通过草畜平衡状态评估及生态本底条件评估,建立畜牧业生产活动空间精细化分区方法,探索县域尺度下生态高度敏感的青藏高原牧区畜牧业生产空间布局优化与管控策略,以期弥补空间规划领域对畜牧业生产活动空间精细化规划布局及管控相关研究的不足,并为青藏高原牧区实现草畜平衡提供规划新思路。

Practice and Exploration of Leisure Agriculture Construction in Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science andTechnology Park

This article introduces the basic information about Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Park, and the practice concerning leisure agriculture; summarizes the experience obtained. Finally, some ideas are put forth for further construction and development of leisure agriculture in science and technology park as follows: making unified layout and rational planning; integrating the local tourism resources, to establish the system of leisure agriculture; creating features of leisure agriculture in the park; establishing the brand of leisure-oriented training base in science and technology park; carrying out exploration into operation mode of leisure agriculture in the park.

Functions of Mulberry in the Development of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Development Ideas

Ecological animal husbandry is an animal husbandry industry system integrating ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. Breeding cycle is one of the main patterns of ecological animal husbandry development, but breeding cycle does not form a relatively closed cycle of endogenous resources. In recent years, forage value and ecological value of mulberry have made some progresses in different research areas and angles, but the thought and practice of both forage and ecological value of mulberry has not been systematically interpreted and researched. Based on the short board of animal husbandry development and the advan- tage of mulberry, animal husbandry and mulberry were complemented and fused, and relatively closed planting and raising ecological recycling pattern with mulberry as the axis was raised. Phased scientific research and production test data were obtained, and the problems and development suggestions were put forward in the following aspects ： selection of mulberry varieties with both forage and ecological value, cost control of mulberry with both forage and ecological value, quality and safety control system of forage mulberry, orientation of feeding value of forage mulberry.

The Strategy for the Development of Low-carbon Animal Husbandry in Taiwan and the Lessons Drawn from It

In this paper,we analyze the strategies for the development of low-carbon animal husbandry in Taiwan which mainly focuses on strengthening the livestock farm carbon reduction,promoting the livestock breeding energy conservation and emission reduction technology,and develop the environmental protection laws related to animal husbandry to combat animal husbandry pollution. Learning from the strategies and legislative management experience for the development of low-carbon animal husbandry in Taiwan,we set forth the following recommendations for improving the development of low-carbon animal husbandry in China's Mainland: increasing the financial investment in environmental protection; strengthening the scientific research of cleaner production; promoting sound pollution control legislation; moderately restricting the scale of livestock and poultry farm.

Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in the Plateau Regionof North Part of Hebei

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OBSERVATION ON HUSBANDRY AND REPRODUCTION OF MICE WITH SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THEIR IMMUNE ORGANS

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were maintained In a plastic film isolator in which specific-pathogen-free (SPF) condition was kept. Their average Utter size was 3.4, non-productive rate 27.2%, and weaned-to-bom ratio 73. 5%. Thymus glands of SCID mice were found to consist of a rudimentary medulla without cortex, and to contain few lymphocytes. Spleen follicles were empty, virtually devoid of lymphocytes. Lymph nodes had no clear cortex, totally appeared to be empty with few lymphocytes. Lymphoid tissues in submucosa of intestines were undeveloped. Circulating lymphocytes only comprised a small fraction of total leukocytes of peripheral blood(10-24%). Possible uses of SCID mice were discussed.

PASTORAL HUSBANDRY AND CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF RANGELAND RESOURCES IN XINJIANG,GHINA

1. Pastoral husbandry is the basis of animal husbandry in Xingjing Animal husbandry in Xingjing Uygur Autonomous Region is supported by the some57 million ha natural rangeland (Commission for Integrated Servey of Natural Resources(CISNAR), 1989). The rangeland provides feeds for the 33 million heads of grazing animals(48.698 million sheep units) in the region. Natural rangeland takes about 35% of the