On the Physical Nature of Einstein’s Gravitational Lensing Effect

Gravitational lensing has become a powerful research tool for exploring the distribution of matter and energy in the universe nowadays, as glare phenomena around the Sun and massive galaxies are indeed observed on the Earth. What is the physical nature of gravitational lensing effect? Both Newton’s law of gravitation and Einstein’s theory of relativity are difficult to physically explain these glare phenomena. This study points out that the observed glare around the Sun and large galaxies is a result or product of the orthogonal interaction of high-energy particles emitted from different star light sources. It shows a new physical state associated with abnormal high mass-energy density.

Motion State Modification of Coulomb’s Law and Dynamic Gravitation

As we know, Coulomb’s law describes the interaction between static charges. In this paper, the modified formula of Coulomb’s law in the state of charge motion is given. Based on this formula, Ampere’s law and Lorentz’s law of force are derived by pure mathematics. According to the similarity between the formula of universal gravitation and Coulomb’s law, the correction of the formula of universal gravitation under the state of motion is assumed boldly, and some inferences are made on the motion law of celestial bodies.

The Basic Concepts and Basic Laws Relating to Matter and Gravitational Fields in Physics

In this work, the author applied the universal gauge field theory and Noether theorem to prove that universality exists for the Lorentz and Levi-Civita law of conservation of energy momentum tensor density. We also found that this conservation law has profound implications in physics. For example, based on this law, one can explore the origin of the matter field, and propose a new view about what is “dark energy” and what is “dark matter”.

On Gravitational Waves: Did We Simply Detect the Gravitational Effect of the Sun on the Photons Moving in the Cavity of Interferometers LIGO and VIRGO?

On September 14, 2015 09:50:45 UTC, the two laser interferometers of the LIGO program simultaneously observed a first gravitational wave signal called GW150914. With the commissioning of the VIRGO interferometer in 2017, two other detections, GW170814 and GW170817, were observed and their positions given accurately by LIGO and VIRGO. In this article, I argue that the photons circulating in the cavities of the three interferometers of LIGO and VIRGO were sensitive to the field of attraction of the planets of our Solar System and more particularly to that of the Sun, and would not be due to a coalescence of black hole or neutron stars. The shape of the signals obtained by my interaction model (called GEAR) between the photons in the interferometer cavity and the gravitational field of the Sun is very similar to that of a compact binary coalescence, identical to those obtained by general relativity. Solving the equations of GEAR also gives the exact positions and pseudo-date of the coalescences of all the LIGO and VIRGO detections detected so far, and probably those that will come at the end of 2018 and beyond.

Gravitational Model of the Three Elements Theory: Mathematical Explanations

The aim is to parse the mathematical details related to the gravitational model of the three elements theory [1]. This model is proven to be coherent and really compatible with relativity. The Riemannian representation of space-time which is used in this model is proven to be legal. It allows to understand relativity in a more human sensitive manner than Minkowskian usual representation.

The Theory of Gravitons in the Expansion of the Universe

The theory that gravitons lose energy thru gravitational redshift while traveling in a gravitational field is applied to the universe. It is proposed that a co-moving volume element is required for the luminosity distance relation because the gravitational field acts simultaneously in three dimensions rather than just along a geodesic curve. With only a relatively small baryonic mass density the curve fit of the novel luminosity distance relation to Type Ia supernovae distance data is of the same quality as for the standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter model.

New Theory to Understand the Mechanism of Gravitation

Gravitation is still the least understood interaction among the fundamental forces of Nature. A new theory that explains the mechanism of gravitation and the origin Newton’s laws of gravitation and general relativity and distinguishes between two of the Newton’s laws has been proposed. It is shown that the vortex formation created during the Big Bang event is the origin of the gravitational force. The vortex curves the vacuum (space-time) around it, attract and condense energy and dust to its center to form the mass. The gradient pressure in the vortex creates a flow that upon interaction with an object transfers a part of its momentum to the object and pushes it toward the center. The force exercised on the object is equivalent to Newton’s second law. The force of attraction between two vortices is equivalent to Newton’s third law. The drag force between the energy flow of the vortex and the static vacuum diminishes the gravitational force and is equivalent to the G constant. The proposed theory could provide new interesting insights for a comprehensive understanding of gravitation and represents a theoretical starting point for the engineering of anti-gravitation technology.

A note on teleparallel Killing vector fields in Bianchi type Ⅷ and Ⅸ space-times in teleparallel theory of gravitation

In this paper we classify Bianchi type Ⅷ and IX space-times according to their teleparallel Killing vector fields in the teleparallel theory of gravitation by using a direct integration technique. It turns out that the dimensions of the teleparallel Killing vector fields are either 4 or 5. From the above study we have shown that the Killing vector fields for Bianchi type Ⅷ and Ⅸ space-times in the context of teleparallel theory are different from that in general relativity.

Analysis of Electrical Dipoles Interaction Forces as a Function of the Distance and of the Form of Electrical Force Law

Here, we initially introduced and demonstrated two principles: orientation OR principle and attraction AT principle of electrical dipoles. The OR principle stipulates that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, from two bodies A and B, at any distance in the free state each, will be reciprocally oriented parallel and in the same sense if the electrical interaction forces F between them are of decreasing type with distance r. If the electrical interaction forces F are of increasing type with distance, the two dipoles will be reciprocally oriented parallel but on the opposite sense. The AT principle stipulate that any two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B, at any distance in the free state each, will present always a reciprocal force of attraction FD in both cases of orientation accordingly to OR principle in case of any type of electrical force F decreasing or increasing with distance. These findings may complete our previous work where we found that FD force, between two electrical dipoles P1A, P1B considered at atomic and nuclear level, is in fact the actual gravitation Newton force FN. The paper must be considered together with this work for more consistency.

Mach’s Principle to Hubble’s Law and Light Relativity

A new redshift-distance relation is derived from Mach’s principle with light relativity that describes disturbance of a light on spacetime and influence of the disturbed spacetime on the light inertia or frequency. A moving object or photon, because of its continuously keeping on displacement, disturbs the rest of the entire universe or distorts/curves the spacetime. The distorted or curved spacetime then generates an effective gravitational force to act back on or drag the moving object or photon, so that reduces the object inertia or photon frequency. Considering the disturbance of spacetime by a photon is extremely weak, we have modeled the effective gravitational force to be Newtonian and thus derived the new redshift-distance relation that can not only perfectly explain the redshift-distance measurement of distant type Ia supernovae but also inherently obtain Hubble’s law as an approximate at small redshift. Therefore, the result obtained from this study does neither support the acceleration of the universe nor the expansion of the universe but prefers to Einstein’s simplest cosmology of the static universe or Zhang’s static or dynamic cosmology of the black hole universe.

The Application of the Generalized Differential Formulation of the First Law of Thermodynamics for Evidence of the Tidal Mechanism of Maintenance of the Energy and Viscous-Thermal Dissipative Turbulent Structure of the Mesoscale Oceanic Eddies

The practical significance of the established generalized differential formula-tion of the first law of thermodynamics (formulated for the rotational coor-dinate system) is evaluated (for the first time and for the mesoscale oceanic eddies) by deriving the general (viscous-compressible-thermal) and partial (incompressible, viscous-thermal) local conditions of the tidal maintenance of the quasi-stationary energy and dissipative turbulent structure of the mesoscale eddy located inside of the individual fluid region of the ther-mally heterogeneous viscous (compressible and incompressible, respective-ly) heat-conducting stratified fluid over the two-dimensional bottom topog-raphy characterized by the horizontal coordinate x along a horizon-tal axis X. Based on the derived partial (incompressible) local condition (of the tidal maintenance of the quasi-stationary energy and viscous-thermal dis-sipative turbulent structure of the mesoscale eddy) and using the calculated vertical distributions of the mean viscous dissipation rate per unit mass and the mean thermal dissipation rate per unit mass in four regions near the observed mesoscale (periodically topographically trapped by nearly two-dimensional bottom topography h(x) eddy located near the northern region of the Yamato Rise in the Japan Sea, the combined analysis of the energy structure of the eddy and the viscous-thermal dissipative structure of turbulence is presented. The convincing evidence is presented of the tidal mechanism of maintenance of the eddy energy and viscous-thermal dissipa-tive structure of turbulence (produced by the breaking internal gravity waves generated by the eddy) in three regions near the Yamato Rise subjected to the observed mesoscale eddy near the northern region of the Yamato Rise of the Japan Sea.

Theory of Electromagnetism and Gravity —Modeling Earth as a Rotating Solenoid Coil

Presented in this manuscript are conventional electrical engineering tools to model the earth as a rotating electrical machine. Calculations using known parameters of the earth and measured field data has resulted in new understanding of the earth’s electrical system and gyroscopic rotation. The material makeup of the inner earth is better understood based on derived permeability and permittivity constants. The planet has been modeled as simple coils and then as a parallel impedance circuit which has led to fundamental insight into planetary speed control and RLC combination for Schumann Resonance of 7.83 Hz. Torque and Voltage Constants and the inverse Speed Constant are calculated using three methods and all compare favorably with Newton’s Gravitational Constant. A helical resonator is referenced and Schumann’s Resonant ideal frequency is calculated and compared with others idealism. A new theory of gravity based on particle velocity selector at the poles is postulated. Two equations are presented as the needed links between Faraday’s electromagnetism and Newtonian physics. Acceleration and Deceleration of earth is explained as a centripetal governor. A new equation for planetary attraction and the attraction of atomic matter is theorized. Rotation of the earth’s electrical coil is explained in terms of the Richardson effect. Electric power transfer from the sun to the planets is proposed via Flux Transfer Events. The impact of this evolving science of electromagnetic modeling of planets will be magnified as the theory is proven, and found to be useful for future generations of engineers and scientists who seek to discover our world and other planets.

Antigravity—Its Manifestations and Origin

Dark energy has been introduced in order to explain the observed acceleration of the expansion of our Universe. It seems to be distributed almost uniformly and it has an essential influence on the present value of the Hubble constant which characterizes the rate of this expansion. The Newtonian theory of gravitation is formulated so that the laws of conservation of energy and momentum hold. However, the Universe is designed so that the total amount of energy is slowly, but continually increasing, since its expansion is accelerating. Our examples show that even the Solar System and also our Galaxy imperceptibly expand thanks to dark energy whose origins are tiny antigravity forces. We claim that these forces appear due to the finite speed of gravitational interaction, which causes gravitational aberration effects. We show that effects of dark energy are observable;they are not only globally, but also in local systems. These effects can be measured and are comparable with the present value of the Hubble constant.

探讨计算太阳系内行星的引力加速度

引力是存在于太阳系星体间的作用力,能够引起比较直观的自然现象。引力加速度是反映引力作用的一个物理量,文章着重用牛顿运动定律和万有引力定律对比分析太阳系行星的引力加速度和地月系统内不同位置的月球的引力加速度及误差,表明用牛顿运动定律和万有引力定律计算的行星的引力加速度吻合得很好,具有一定范围的准确性,即太阳系行星的引力加速度与太阳质量成正比,与行星距离太阳的距离成反比。同时,验证了牛顿的万有引力定律在处理地月系统近点和远点的正确性。因而,万有引力定律的普遍性可以推广到更大的天体系统范围使用,从而认识到引力理论对人类发展的重要性。

The Validity of the Thermohydrogravidynamic Theory Concerning the Predicted Dates of the Maximal Temporal Intensifications of the Global Seismotectonic Processes of the Earth during the Range 2020 - 2023 AD

We present (on the 13th International Conference on Geology and Geophysics) the convincing evidence that the strongest earthquakes (according to the U.S. Geological Survey) of the Earth (during the range 2020 - 2023 AD) occurred near the predicted (calculated in advance based on the global prediction thermohydrogravidynamic principles determining the maximal temporal intensifications of the global seismotectonic, volcanic, climatic and magnetic processes of the Earth) dates 2020.016666667 AD (Simonenko, 2020), 2021.1 AD (Simonenko, 2019, 2020), 2022.18333333 AD (Simonenko, 2021), 2023.26666666 AD (Simonenko, 2022) and 2020.55 AD, 2021.65 AD (Simonenko, 2019, 2021), 2022.716666666 AD (Simonenko, 2022), respectively, corresponding to the local maximal and to the local minimal, respectively, combined planetary and solar integral energy gravitational influences on the internal rigid core of the Earth. We present the short-term thermohydrogravidynamic technology (based on the generalized differential formulation of the first law of thermodynamics and the first global prediction thermohydrogravidynamic principle) for evaluation of the maximal magnitude of the strongest (during the March, 2023 AD) earthquake of the Earth occurred on March 16, 2023 AD (according to the U.S. Geological Survey). .

Kepler’s Conjunction for Two Strong Earthquakes in Türkiye in February 2023

This work is devoted to the study of the relationship between strong earthquakes and planetary configurations using the example of two consecutive strong earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye (Turkey), on February 6, 2023. It is shown that at the time of the earthquakes, linear alignment of the planets along the Jupiter-Venus-Sun line was observed, that is, the astronomical trigger belonged to the generalized Kepler conjunction scheme (gKc), when the Earth does not participate in the linearization scheme. It is shown that for the first earthquake that occurred at 01:17 UTC, the ratio of the distances between Jupiter-Earth and Jupiter-Mars was close to an integer value equal to 5.993. For the second earthquake that occurred on the same day at 10:25 UTC, no integer resonance ratios were detected, however, it was found that the terrestrial e UTC line at the time of the earthquake passed through the position of Mercury. Recall that the 12-hour line of the eUTC chart is always oriented towards the Sun. The conclusions of the work once again confirm the correctness of the theories of Archimedes and Kepler and convince us of the existence of a gravitational phenomenon that does not depend on the distances and masses of planets, has a pronounced inertial and wave character and does not fit into the general theory of relativity, developed in the last century by Albert Einstein.

The Quantization of Space

In the present work, it will be shown that the dimensionless number 137 of the fine-structure constant α demands a quantization of space. For this purpose, we refer to a volume constant of electromagnetic processes, which takes effect as a volume quantum. This involves not only a re-evaluation of the Dirac equation but also, and above all, a determination of Einstein’s velocity vector as the fundamental property of these processes. A prerequisite is the linking of the hydrogen spectrum with the hydrogen nucleus.

高斯定理与环路定理在万有引力场中的推广

用类比的方法从静电场中的高斯定理和静电环路定理导出了万有引力场中的"高斯定理"和"环路定理"并定义了引力场强度矢量。通过两个对称质量分布问题的分析阐述了"高斯定理"在简化繁杂积分运算上的应用;由"环路定理"出发定义了万有引力势并将其应用得出了第一、第二宇宙速度。

零售商圈的吸引力分析

商圈是由顾客选择商店的行为形成的 ,常用于商圈分析的吸引力模型 ,主要有赖利法则和哈夫模型 ,他们从该商场的销售面积和消费者到该商场的距离来确定商圈的大小 ,他们假设所有零售店商品同质同价。

引力搜索算法的改进

引力搜索算法GSA(Gravitationa lSearch Algorithm)是最近由Esmat Rashedi基于引力定律提出的一个新算法。在引力搜索算法的基础上对其进行改进,得到了基于权值的引力搜索算法。与引力搜索算法相比,该算法在每一次迭代的过程中,都对粒子的惯性质量加一个权值。用算法对许多基准函数测试的实验效果表明,该方法可以使得引力搜索算法得到更好的结果。