Exploration of the “Living” Protection of Historic Blocks in South of the Yangtze River——A Case Study of Ancient Shajiabang Town, Changshu City

Historic blocks that focus only on protection of tangible constructed environment have shown various disadvantages and gradually lost their originality, according to the investigation. Protection of historic blocks should attach more importance to maintaining original lifestyles and community customs, protecting intangible contents and cultural diversity. The authors proposed that protection of historic blocks should follow the principle of "putting protection and repair on the top priority, using reasonably" and stress the "living" protection. There are three patterns of "living" protection, specifically, joint participation of local residents, construction of education base, moderate tourism development. Vitality of local economy can be enhanced and social humanistic environment protected effectively by improving the locals' living environment, so as to show true care for the people living in the historic block, and bring historic blocks to the real life.

Protection and Control Method of the Newly Built Underground Pipelines in the Embankment of Yangtze River

In the year of 2011, in the emergency reinforcement project of the main dike of Yangtze River in Luhe District, Nanjing City, four underground pipelines were vertically crossed with the embankment. In this project, each pipeline had been es- tablished independent culvert structure for protection and high pressure injection method had been used for the foundation treatment. To extend the length of the foot of slope and to improve the impermeable capacity of the dike, additional com- posite geomembranes had been installed in the riverside slope. By optimizing the construction program and enhancing the settlement observation during the constrution period, the safe operation of the pipelines had therefore been ensured.

Anomalous Atmospheric Circulation, Heat Sources and Moisture Sinks in Relation to Great Precipitation Anomalies in the Yangtze River Valley

Using the summer (June to August) monthly mean data of the National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) - National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis from 1980 to 1997, atmospheric heat sources and moisture sinks are calculated. Anomalous circulation and the vertically integrated heat source with the vertical integrated moisture sink and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) flux are examined based upon monthly composites for 16 great wet-spells and 8 great dry-spells over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The wind anomaly exhibits prominent differences between the great wet-spell and the great dry-spell over the Yangtze River Valley. For the great wet-spell, the anomalous southerly from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea and the anomalous northerly over North China enhanced low-level convergence toward a narrow latitudinal belt area (the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River). The southerly anomaly is connected with an anticyclonic anomalous circulation system centered at 22 degreesN, 140 degreesE and the northerly anomaly is associated with a cyclonic anomalous circulation system centered at the Japan Sea. In the upper level, the anomalous northwesterly between an anticyclonic anomalous system with the center at 23 degreesN, 105 degreesE and a cyclonic anomalous system with the center at Korea diverged over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. On the contrary, for the great dry-spell, the anomalous northerly over South China and the anomalous southerly over North China diverged from the Yangtze River Valley in the low level. The former formed in the western part of a cyclonic anomalous system centered at 23 degreesN, 135 degreesE. The latter was located in the western ridge of an anticyclonic anomalous system in the northwestern Pacific. The upper troposphere showed easterly anomaly that converged over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A cyclonic anomalous system in South China and an anticyclonic system centered in the Japan Sea enhanced the easterly. Large atmospheric heat source anomalies of opposite signs existed over the western Pacific - the South China Sea, with negative in the great wet-spell and positive in the great dry-spell. The analysis of heat source also revealed positive anomalous heat sources during the great wet-spell and negative anomalous heat sources during the great dry-spell over the Yangtze River valley. The changes of the moisture sink and OLR were correspondingly altered, implying the change of heat source anomaly is due to the latent heat releasing of convective activity. Over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau- the Bay of Bengal, the analysis of heat source shows positive anomalous heat sources during the great wet-spell and negative anomalous heat sources during the great dry-spell because of latent heating change. The change of divergent wind coexisted with the change of heat source. In the great wet-spell, southerly divergent wind anomaly in the low level and northerly divergent wind anomaly in high-level are seen over South China. These divergent wind anomalies are helpful to the low-level convergence anomaly and high-level divergence anomaly over the Yangtze River valley. The low-level northerly divergent wind anomaly and high-level southerly divergent wind anomaly over South China reduced the low-level convergence and high-level divergence over the Yangtze River valley during the great dry-spell.

Analysis of the Motive for the Use of LNG-Powered Ships in the Inland Waters of Yangtze River

The fuels that hardly pollute water body and atmospheric environment during burning are regarded as clean fuels. Liquefied Petroleum Gas （LPG）, Compressed Natural Gas （CNG） and Liquefied Natural Gas （LNG） are three representative clean fuels that are widely used in the shipping industry. From both ecological and economic point of view, LNG is treated as the best fuels in shipping industry by the ship-owners and Chinese government. In this paper, the wide applications of LNG-powered ships are analyzed from three aspects, including the global energy source structure, economic demands and the formulation of international conventions. Also, the functions of relevant domestic policies on how to accelerate LNG-powered ships widely used in inland waters of Yangtze river, China are summarized. At last, the reasons of the use of LNG-powered ships in inland waters of China in recent years under the impulsion of various factors are discussed in the end.

A holistic approach to creating a new yangtze river basin protection legislation

The protection of the Yangtze River Basin is a top priority in China,and the National People's Congress(NPC)Standing Committee has started to draft a new protection legislation specifically for the Yangtze River Basin.The Basin forms the epicenter of environmental,social,and economic life.Any efforts to protect the Basin must accommodate several competing interests from a multiplicity of interested parties and stakeholders such as local governments,villages,and business enterprises.Current relevant institutions and organizations are unable to sufficiently ensure environmental protection and green development in the Basin.The NPC Standing Committee must thus adopt a more holistic approach when creating new protection legislations aimed at the Yangtze River Basin.

Three Gorges Project:a project for ecological improvement and environmental protection in Yangtze River Basin

Seeking water and earning their livelihoods is the natural selection of human beings.Like other rivers on the earth,the Yangtze River is the birthplace of human civilization and survival.As an ecosystem,the Yangtze River Basin is evolving under the influences of natural factors and human activities.Because of soil erosion,pollution and human activities,the imbalance of secondary environment is exacerbated and the ecological environment has become more vulnerable,so it is urgent to mitigate and prevent the ecological crisis.The practice has proved that implementation of engineering measures is an effective way to improve the ecological environment.The Three Gorges Project (TGP) has a flood control storage capacity of 22.15 billion m 3,effectively storing the flood water upstream of Yichang,and protects 15 million people and 1.5 million hm 2 farmland.Furthermore,the project can prevent or slow down the sedimentation and shrinkage of the lakes in the middle Yangtze River such as Dongting Lake;with an average annual power generation of about 90 billion kW· h,it can significantly reduce the emissions of harmful gas like CO 2.In general,the construction of TGP is conducive to the ecological and environmental protection in the Yangtze River Basin and China,even the world.

Protection Forest for Yangtze River

The Yangtze River is the largest river in China, about 6,300 kilometres long with a drainage area and population accounting for 18.8 percent and 33 percent respectively in China. Aiming at increasing forest and vegetation areas on the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River to control water and soil erosion, the Chinese government in 1989 decided to commence a construction project for the protection of the forest system on the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The project covers 645 counties (cities and districts) in 13 provinces,

Simulation and prediction of multi-scenario evolution of ecological space based on FLUS model: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Building the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)is one of China’s three national development policies in the new era.The ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt must be protected not only for regional economic development but also for regional ecological security and ecological progress in this region.This paper takes the ecological space of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object,based on land use data in 2010 and 2015,and uses the FLUS model to simulate and predict the ecological space of the research area in 2035.The variation of the research area’s ecological space area and its four sub-zones has remarkable stability under diverse situations.Both the production space priority scenarios(S1)and living space priority scenarios(S2)saw a fall in ecological space area,with the former experiencing the highest reduction(a total reduction of 25,212 km^(2)).Under the ecological space priority scenarios(S3)and comprehensive space optimization scenario(S4),the ecological space area increased,and the ecological space area expanded even more under the former scenario(a total growth of 23,648 km^(2)).In Yunnan-Guizhou,the ecological space is relatively stable,with minimal signs of change.In Sichuan-Chongqing,the Sichuan Basin,Zoige Grassland,and Longmen Mountains were significant regions of area changes in ecological space.In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the ecological space changes mainly occur in the Wuyi Mountains,Mufu Mountains,and Dabie Mountains,as well as the surrounding waters of Dongting Lake.The Yangtze River Delta’s changes were mainly observed in the eastern Dabie Mountains and Jianghuai Hills.

新时期长江流域水资源保护规划及管理工作的思考

组织编制并实施水资源保护规划是国家赋予水行政主管部门的法定职责,也是水利部门履行水资源管理和生态环境保护责任的重要工作。长江流域水资源保护规划经历了从起步、探索、实践与发展到形成完善体系的过程,推进了流域水资源保护与管理科学有序发展。随着国家机构改革部门职能调整和《中华人民共和国长江保护法》出台,为更好地推进和落实新时期长江流域水资源保护规划和管理工作,系统梳理长江流域水资源保护规划发展历程与成效,分析当前流域水资源保护面临的形势与挑战,厘清流域水资源保护工作定位和思路,并据此提出新时期流域水资源保护规划及管理的工作建议,对凝聚流域水资源保护规划共识、建立流域水资源保护规划体系、推进水资源保护高质量发展、助力实现治江现代化具有重要的指导意义。

流域保护区域协同立法的功能定位与规范进路

《长江保护法》《黄河保护法》为长江、黄河流域的区域协同立法提供了法律依据,在流域保护区域协同立法“入法”后,需要明晰其权力空间与运行规则,提升其科学化、规范化水平。流域保护区域协同立法在本质上仍属于地方立法,是功能主义进路下解决跨行政区域流域保护难题的一种选择,是流域整体性保护的立法回应。就其功能而言,具有落实国家立法确立的流域保护整体目标的实施性功能,以地方合作为中心,解决那些通过单独地方立法难以解决的跨行政区域地方性流域保护问题的协调性、自主性、创新性功能。在此基础上,应当通过明晰其立法层级,建立地方立法规划协同机制,改、废、释的协同机制,交叉备案与后评估机制,深化公众参与机制,完善流域保护区域协同立法的运行规则。

长江经济带知识产权保护与城市绿色技术创新效率——基于创新价值链视角的空间效应分析

基于创新价值链视角,将绿色技术创新活动分解为科技研发和成果转化两个阶段,对2011—2020年长江经济带108个城市知识产权保护的绿色创新效应进行实证分析。结果表明:(1)知识产权保护对本地绿色技术创新总效率及其子阶段效率的直接影响均显著为正;空间效应结果表明,知识产权保护对科技研发效率存在正向空间溢出效应,对成果转化效率则具有负向空间溢出效应,但对总效率的空间影响效应依然为正。(2)强化知识产权保护能够通过吸引外商直接投资、促进金融发展、提高人力资本质量三种渠道促进城市绿色技术创新效率提升。(3)异质性分析表明,长江经济带下游城市强化知识产权保护有利于推动科技研发效率和成果转化效率的提升;而中上游城市加强知识产权保护对科技研发效率的提升作用并不显著,对成果转化效率甚至具有消极影响。本文结论为长江经济带推进知识产权保护建设和绿色技术创新发展提供了有益启示。

长江经济带工业资源环境协调发展研究

正确把握工业发展、资源利用和环境保护三者耦合协调关系,对于进一步推动长江经济带高质量发展具有重要意义。本文对2000—2022年长江经济带工业资源环境耦合协调发展水平及其动力因素进行分析。研究发现:长江经济带全域工业发展水平不断提升,资源利用水平总体平稳上升,环境保护水平先降后稳。长江各区域耦合协调度稳定提升,由高到低依次为:下游地区>全域>中游地区>上游地区。空间分布为“中间低两翼高,北部高南部低”,呈现“江浙”保持引领、“沪渝”相对缓慢、“湘鄂”稳步提升、“赣皖”逐步发力、“云贵川”发展放缓的格局。各动力因素对耦合协调度的影响各有差异,地区不对称性明显。因此建议:构建系统融合发展机制,坚持强化区域协同融通,推动资源要素顺畅流动。

长江口横沙地区演化过程及保护利用思考

长江口横沙地区的保护和利用一直是近年来的热门话题。本文对横沙岛、横沙新洲的成陆过程以及浅滩的近期演化特征进行了总结和回顾,基于国家战略和前人的利用设想,提出了横沙地区目前面临的灾害和未来利用需要论证的制约因素。横沙岛于1958年定界成陆,横沙新洲(东滩)在历史大洪水切割以及航道工程和促淤圈围等作用下于2021年成陆,横沙浅滩目前“长高不长大”,处于萎缩性演化态势。文章基于“长江大保护”国家战略,总结了前人提出的一些利用设想,认为需要综合研判横沙地区的保护利用模式。目前横沙地区主要面临流域输沙偏低和海平面上升带来的浅滩侵蚀问题,建议结合固沙保滩工程利用周围航道的疏浚土资源,未来利用也需要深入研究横沙地区生态保护、基底稳定、航道冲淤、盐水入侵以及极端气候等承载力问题。

长江中游护滩服役状态评价体系

随着长江航道建设的快速发展,维护管理好在役的航道整治建筑物成为一项重要工作。目前国内针对长江中常见的航道整治建筑物——护滩服役状态的相关研究较少。基于考虑指标模糊性的可拓云理论,建立护滩服役状态评价模型。依据监测信息、护滩历年维护经验和相关规范,构建了评价指标体系,并结合序关系法和熵权法,综合确定指标权重,经模型计算可以得到护滩所隶属的服役状态等级。将该模型应用于长江中游新九水道护滩服役状态评估,评价结果与工程实际情况吻合。验证表明,本文所建立的护滩服役状态评价模型可以正确识别护滩服役状态,指导护滩日常维护工作,推进长江航道养护智能化。

加快三峡水库管理保护立法 为长江经济带高质量发展提供良好法治保障

三峡工程是“国之重器”,是保护和治理长江的关键性骨干工程。三峡水库功能效益显著,地理位置重要,管理保护涉及事项复杂。在长江流域生态环境保护和高质量发展由量变到质变的关键时期,加快推进立法工作,依法依规加强三峡水库管理保护,对工程安全运行和综合效益发挥,以及库区和流域高质量发展十分必要和迫切。建议从国家层面制定出台专门行政法规,协调和规范三峡水库的开发、利用、管理、保护行为,统筹库区和上下游生态环境保护和经济社会发展事项,为长江经济带高质量发展提供良好法治保障。

长江经济带产业绿色转型升级:进展、挑战与路径

产业绿色转型升级是长江经济带实现高水平保护和高质量发展的重要支撑。近年来,长江经济带坚持共抓大保护、不搞大开发,坚持生态优先、绿色发展,产业结构和工业结构持续优化,绿色产业成为经济增长新引擎;积极推动产业绿色低碳技术改造,绿色制造体系初步建立;稳步推进沿江化工企业“关改搬转”,产业布局与产业结构更加合理。新时代,长江经济带产业绿色转型升级面临着传统行业规模大、企业内生动力不足、长效机制尚未形成、基础能力相对薄弱以及区域产业协同不畅等多方面挑战,下一阶段,长江经济带产业绿色转型升级应着重加强基础性工作,健全发展机制、优化发展环境、增强企业绿色转型升级的内在动力和能力。

长江流域重要饮用水水源地保护长效机制

指导重要饮用水水源地保护是《中华人民共和国水法》《中华人民共和国长江保护法》和“三定”规定赋予水行政主管部门的法定职责,也是维系流域供水安全保障的底线。通过对长江流域重要饮用水水源地保护管理现状的回顾分析,针对保护管理中存在的水源地名录准入退出机制不健全、安全评估制度不完善、资金投入保障机制不足等问题,提出了完善水源地安全保障规划体系、规范水源地名录管理机制、强化水源地安全评估和保护、严格水源地保护考核等长效机制构建思路和后续工作建议。研究成果对于落实《中华人民共和国水法》《中华人民共和国长江保护法》饮用水水源地保护要求、贯彻长江经济带绿色发展和长江大保护建设的要求、推动长江流域重要饮用水水源地保护长效机制建设具有重要意义。

长江大保护试点城市某污水处理厂尾水湿地净化效果研究

为探寻污水处理厂配套尾水湿地净化效果,以长江大保护试点城市某污水处理厂尾水湿地为例,通过现场调查与采样,分析湿地出水水质特征,探讨影响湿地污染物去除效率因素。结果表明:尾水湿地出水COD、NH_(3)-N及TP浓度满足设计目标,潜流湿地对COD去除率较高,表流湿地对氨氮及磷的去除率较高,优于涵养塘;湿地实际运行水力负荷、水力停留时间和污染物负荷与设计值不符,影响污染物去除效果;据此提出湿地运行优化建议,促进湿地深度脱氮除磷,提升尾水湿地效能;运行优化可提高潜流湿地污染物去除率,同时污水处理厂减少碳排放94.74 gCO_(2)m^(3)。研究结果可为该尾水湿地运行管理及长江大保护试点城市系列污水处理厂配套尾水湿地设计与运维提供参考。

大渡河流域极端气温时空分布特征研究

【目的】全球气候变化下,极端气候事件发生的频率、强度等日益增强,其可对流域环境等产生重大影响。大渡河流域不仅是我国长江上游生态屏障和川滇生态屏障的重要组成部分,也是长江流域干旱半干旱河谷的重点分布区域,流域内保护鱼类分布较多,对气候变化敏感。为此,探究大渡河流域极端气温指数时空分布特征。【方法】以大渡河流域为研究对象,基于该流域1964—2018年共55年的逐日气象数据,采用线性拟合、Sen′s斜率估计以及Mann-Kendall非参数检验等方法对大渡河流域的极端气温指数进行了分析;利用协同克里金法进行空间插值,分析了极端气温指数的空间分布规律。【结果】大渡河流域极端气温事件存在明显的年际变化,16个极端气温指数中有11个指数呈上升趋势,5个指数呈下降趋势。除气温极值外,上升速率最快的是SU25,上升速率为2.0 d/10 a;下降速率最快的是FD0,下降速率为1.6 d/10 a。除CSDI和WSDI在流域内变化趋势为0外,其余各极端气温指数变化速率在空间分布上有明显的差异性,海拔高度为导致大渡河流域极端气温指数空间分布特征的主要影响因子。【结论】在时间尺度上,大渡河流域极端气温指数中表征暖的指数均呈上升趋势;表征冷的指数(除TNn和TNx外)均呈下降趋势;其他指数中GSL上升速率较快。这表明该流域在近55年内整体呈变暖趋势,冬季变短夏季变长,且适宜植被生长的温度持续时间增长。突变检验表明各极端气温指数突变除TN10外均为显著突变,且突变年份集中在2000年前后。在空间尺度上,冷指数中ID0、FD0上游上升速率高于中下游,暖指数中TR20、SU25中下游上升速率大于上游,GSL上游上升速率明显高于中下游。流域整体呈变暖趋势且中下游更容易发生极端高温事件。研究成果可为大渡河流域极端气候灾害预警和水生态保护提供科学依据。

引江补汉工程取水口饮用水水源保护区划分

引江补汉工程是南水北调中线工程的后续水源,为保障汉江中下游干流水质安全和湖北省补水区城乡生活供水安全,有必要在工程取水口周边划定饮用水水源保护区。在充分考虑水质保护要求、交通航运、港口建设发展、应急响应需求等因素的基础上,针对三峡调度运行不同水位情况、工程引水代表流量和相应水质条件设计工况情景,基于水动力水质模型计算和应急响应时间估算结果,提出引江补汉工程龙潭溪取水口水源保护区范围建议,为将来保护区划定提供技术支撑。计算结果表明,以龙潭溪取水口为中心划分饮用水水源保护区的径向距离应≥1.3 km。