In recent years, with the intensification of major-country rivalry and the profound changes in the global geopolitical landscape, Southeast Asia has become a focal point for the world's major countries vying for i...In recent years, with the intensification of major-country rivalry and the profound changes in the global geopolitical landscape, Southeast Asia has become a focal point for the world's major countries vying for influence. Since the inauguration of the Biden administration, which inherited its predecessor's “Indo–Pacific” strategy, the United States has spared no effort to woo Southeast Asian countries including Indonesia, pressuring them to take sides. Against such a backdrop, Indonesia has strengthened cooperation with the United States while enhancing relations with China. Based on its traditional “free and active” foreign policy, Indonesia insists on deepening ties with China in spite of pressure from the United States. Given the victory of Prabowo Subianto, currently Indonesian Defense Minister, in the 2024 presidential election, China and Indonesia are expected to maintain the momentum of their friendly cooperation, which will however face strong headwinds such as American interference, tensions in the South China Sea, and changes in Indonesian politics.展开更多
Background:Prosocial crowdfunding helps the underprivileged obtain non-profitseeking loans from multitudinous lenders.Some platforms introduce teamcompetition to motivate member participation and may thus induce team ...Background:Prosocial crowdfunding helps the underprivileged obtain non-profitseeking loans from multitudinous lenders.Some platforms introduce teamcompetition to motivate member participation and may thus induce team rivalry.Methods:We investigate how team rivalry affects lending decisions using data fromKiva.org.We argue that a rivalry relationship may engage teams to compete directlyagainst rivals by lending to the same project or prevent them from doing sobecause they intend not to cooperate.Result:We find that a team is less likely to lend to a project that has receivedfunding from its rival team,suggesting that rival teams tend to avoid cooperation.Conclusions:We discuss the implications of our findings for crowdfundingand competition-based motivation mechanisms in general.展开更多
The rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia is one of the familiar features of the Middle East regional politics. However, this rivalry seems to have split-over beyond the Middle East region. In the Horn of Africal, Riy...The rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia is one of the familiar features of the Middle East regional politics. However, this rivalry seems to have split-over beyond the Middle East region. In the Horn of Africal, Riyadh and Tehran are engaging in a fierce competition for position and influence, Against this background, this paper explains how Saudi-Iranian rivalry initiated in the Horn of Africa. More precisely, the paper takes the advantages of sub-theory of Neo-Realism, i.e. Defensive Realism＇s notion of alliance building to explain how Iran＇s endeavor to become stronger vis-~t-vis Saudi Arabia initiated their rivalry in the Horn of Africa prior to the Arab Spring. Likewise, the paper borrows from Constructivism＇s notion of perception of threat to explicate Saudi＇s perception of Iranian threat in the Horn of Africa, which shaped and continued to dynamite Saudi-Iranian rivalry in the region. To this end, the paper would rely on secondary resources to prove that Saudi Iranian rivalry in the Horn of Africa was encouraged by Saudi＇s de-engagement in the region since the outset of 1990s and parallel Iran＇s penetration into region in the same period. The subsequent Saudi diplomatic effort to de-ignite the perceived Iranian growing influence in the Horn inflamed their rivalry in the region, which has reached its summit during the Arab Spring.展开更多
This paper analyzes the violent relationships in Beowulf（2008） based on the application of Rene Girard＇s theories of acquisitive mimesis. However, normal applications of Girard＇s work can be problematic with this ...This paper analyzes the violent relationships in Beowulf（2008） based on the application of Rene Girard＇s theories of acquisitive mimesis. However, normal applications of Girard＇s work can be problematic with this text, because reading mimetic conflict in Beowulf as focused on a single object of desire does not adequately explain the relationships between Grendel and his enemies. Normal applications of acquisitive mimesis are limited in this poem, because agent and model do not often have the same desires, and thus this paper proposes a corollary to Girard＇s theories： If we allow for two objects of desire in the rivalry--primary and secondary desires--we can account for the motivations of all mimetic rivals and acquisitive mimesis has a richer and more sustained application to this poem展开更多
文摘In recent years, with the intensification of major-country rivalry and the profound changes in the global geopolitical landscape, Southeast Asia has become a focal point for the world's major countries vying for influence. Since the inauguration of the Biden administration, which inherited its predecessor's “Indo–Pacific” strategy, the United States has spared no effort to woo Southeast Asian countries including Indonesia, pressuring them to take sides. Against such a backdrop, Indonesia has strengthened cooperation with the United States while enhancing relations with China. Based on its traditional “free and active” foreign policy, Indonesia insists on deepening ties with China in spite of pressure from the United States. Given the victory of Prabowo Subianto, currently Indonesian Defense Minister, in the 2024 presidential election, China and Indonesia are expected to maintain the momentum of their friendly cooperation, which will however face strong headwinds such as American interference, tensions in the South China Sea, and changes in Indonesian politics.
基金the startup fund from City University of Hong Kong.
文摘Background:Prosocial crowdfunding helps the underprivileged obtain non-profitseeking loans from multitudinous lenders.Some platforms introduce teamcompetition to motivate member participation and may thus induce team rivalry.Methods:We investigate how team rivalry affects lending decisions using data fromKiva.org.We argue that a rivalry relationship may engage teams to compete directlyagainst rivals by lending to the same project or prevent them from doing sobecause they intend not to cooperate.Result:We find that a team is less likely to lend to a project that has receivedfunding from its rival team,suggesting that rival teams tend to avoid cooperation.Conclusions:We discuss the implications of our findings for crowdfundingand competition-based motivation mechanisms in general.
文摘The rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia is one of the familiar features of the Middle East regional politics. However, this rivalry seems to have split-over beyond the Middle East region. In the Horn of Africal, Riyadh and Tehran are engaging in a fierce competition for position and influence, Against this background, this paper explains how Saudi-Iranian rivalry initiated in the Horn of Africa. More precisely, the paper takes the advantages of sub-theory of Neo-Realism, i.e. Defensive Realism＇s notion of alliance building to explain how Iran＇s endeavor to become stronger vis-~t-vis Saudi Arabia initiated their rivalry in the Horn of Africa prior to the Arab Spring. Likewise, the paper borrows from Constructivism＇s notion of perception of threat to explicate Saudi＇s perception of Iranian threat in the Horn of Africa, which shaped and continued to dynamite Saudi-Iranian rivalry in the region. To this end, the paper would rely on secondary resources to prove that Saudi Iranian rivalry in the Horn of Africa was encouraged by Saudi＇s de-engagement in the region since the outset of 1990s and parallel Iran＇s penetration into region in the same period. The subsequent Saudi diplomatic effort to de-ignite the perceived Iranian growing influence in the Horn inflamed their rivalry in the region, which has reached its summit during the Arab Spring.
文摘This paper analyzes the violent relationships in Beowulf（2008） based on the application of Rene Girard＇s theories of acquisitive mimesis. However, normal applications of Girard＇s work can be problematic with this text, because reading mimetic conflict in Beowulf as focused on a single object of desire does not adequately explain the relationships between Grendel and his enemies. Normal applications of acquisitive mimesis are limited in this poem, because agent and model do not often have the same desires, and thus this paper proposes a corollary to Girard＇s theories： If we allow for two objects of desire in the rivalry--primary and secondary desires--we can account for the motivations of all mimetic rivals and acquisitive mimesis has a richer and more sustained application to this poem
