A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consum...A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consumption of organic materials but also greatly reduces the structural heterogeneities and effectively facilitates the charge injection into the emissive layer. The resulting green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes （PHOLEDs） exhibit higher electroluminescent efficiency. The maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency reach 23.7% and 88 cd/A, respectively. Moreover the device demonstrates satisfactory stability, keeping 23.7% and 88cd/A, 22% and 82cd/A, respectively, at a luminance of 100 and 1000cd/m2. The working mechanism for achieving high efficiency based on such a simple device structure is discussed correspondingly. The improved charge carrier injection and transport balance are proved to prominently contribute to achieve the high efficiency and great stability at high luminance in the green PHOLEDs.展开更多
A series of green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on bipolar-transporting material 4,4Lbis- （carbazol-9-yl） biphenyl （CBP） are prepared. We insert a mixed host emitting interlayer （CBPx： elect...A series of green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on bipolar-transporting material 4,4Lbis- （carbazol-9-yl） biphenyl （CBP） are prepared. We insert a mixed host emitting interlayer （CBPx： electron- transporting material 1,3,＆tris （N-phenylbenzimidazole-2yl） （TPBi）1-X） in the middle of the emitting layer, and the best performance appears when x is 2/3. The position of this interlayer can also affect the performanee of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. When this interlayer is close to the side of the electron transporting layer, the maximum value of luminance, the current efficiency and the power efficiency are 34090cd/m2 at 12 V, 60. 6 cd/A and 56.6 lm/W, respectively.展开更多
The strength of the mould cavity in sand casting is very much significant to attain high-quality castings. Optimization of green sand process parameters plays a vital role in minimizing casting defects. In the present...The strength of the mould cavity in sand casting is very much significant to attain high-quality castings. Optimization of green sand process parameters plays a vital role in minimizing casting defects. In the present research work, the effect of process parameters such as AFS grain fineness number, water, molasses, bentonite, fly ash, and ramming, and their levels on the resultant mould properties were investigated and optimized using Taguchi based grey relational analysis. The Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and analysis of variance(ANOVA) were used. The quality characteristics viz., green compression strength, permeability, bulk density, mould hardness and shatter index of green sand mould were optimized using grey relational grade, based on the experiments designed using Taguchi's Design of Experiments. ANOVA analysis indicated that water content is the most influential parameter followed by bentonite, and degree of ramming that contributes to the quality characteristics. The results are confirmed by calculating confidence intervals, which lies within the interval limits. Finally, microstructure observations and X-ray diffraction analysis have been performed for the optimal sand parametric combination. Results show that presence of maximum amount of SiO_2, which might be the reason for enhancement of the physical properties of the sand.展开更多
With the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources in the traditional resource-based enterprises,the resources-waste,environmental pollution and ecological destruction are becoming more and more serious.Under th...With the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources in the traditional resource-based enterprises,the resources-waste,environmental pollution and ecological destruction are becoming more and more serious.Under the background of ecological civilization construction,the green transformation of resource-based enterprises in the western region is extremely urgent.Through the review of related literatures,based on sustainable development theory and dynamic capability theory,the paper study the basic characteristics and difficulties of western resource-based enterprises,and analyze the ecological network and basic path of enterprise.Combined with the actual case,this study analyzes the motivation,conditions,restrictive factors and transition path of resource-based enterprises green transformation in the western regions and then puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the realization of resource-based enterprises green transformation.展开更多
Interactions between different components in α-starch based composite binder for green sand mould/core were investigated by using XRD, IR spectra, 1H NMR spectra and SEM. Several adhesive hardening structures and the...Interactions between different components in α-starch based composite binder for green sand mould/core were investigated by using XRD, IR spectra, 1H NMR spectra and SEM. Several adhesive hardening structures and theories of the binder at room temperature were proposed according to the interactions between various compositions. Thus, the reasons for the binder to have excellent combination properties and unique adhesive bonding and self-curing characteristics were explained by these theories successfully. And the theories are of great directive importance to design and development of composite binder for green sand mould/core.展开更多
Increasing consumption, changing nature of loads and the need to reduce carbon emission are some of the factors threatening electricity grid stability and reliability. Demand side management programs mainly work by sh...Increasing consumption, changing nature of loads and the need to reduce carbon emission are some of the factors threatening electricity grid stability and reliability. Demand side management programs mainly work by shifting consumption from peak to off-peak period, which inconveniences some consumers and possibly creates a new peak (Reverse Peak) in off-peak hours. Growing use of Photovoltaic solar power in residences provides an opportunity to manage grid reliability and stability in a more flexible manner, and mitigates reverse peaks. We propose a community based scheduling algorithm that guarantees access to shared power capacity and integrates residences’ solar power into the grid. Results indicate peak demand can be reduced by up to 32.1%, while energy costs can be reduced by up to 14.0%. Furthermore, coordinated discharging can mitigate reverse peaks by up to 23.4%. Encouraging and integrating green energy generation and storage in the consumer side is crucial to grid stability and reliability.展开更多
为建立鸭巴泰病毒(Batai virus,BATV)SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测方法,研究根据鸭BATV非结构蛋白(NSs)基因特征,设计引物,经条件优化后建立检测BATV感染的qRT-PCR方法。用建立的qRT-PCR方法对临床72份疑似BATV感染的病...为建立鸭巴泰病毒(Batai virus,BATV)SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测方法,研究根据鸭BATV非结构蛋白(NSs)基因特征,设计引物,经条件优化后建立检测BATV感染的qRT-PCR方法。用建立的qRT-PCR方法对临床72份疑似BATV感染的病料进行检测,并对阳性样品进行病毒分离,评价两种方法的符合率。结果表明,当病毒NS基因含量为3.59×10~2~3.59×10~7拷贝/μL时有良好的线性扩增,其扩增相关系数为0.9994,扩增效率为98%。最低检测限为3.59×10~2拷贝/μL;扩增产物的熔解曲线分析只出现1个单特异峰,无引物二聚体,Tm值为(81.60±0.16)℃,对鸭源常见病毒(如鸭甲肝病毒、禽坦布苏病毒、禽Ⅰ型副黏病毒、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒、新型鸭呼肠孤病毒和番鸭呼肠孤病毒)检测均为阴性,组内变异系数和组间变异系数分别为0.49%~1.99%和0.58%~2.18%。临床送检的72份病料SYBRⅠ实时荧光定量PCR方法的阳性率为4.17%(3/72),并分离到2株鸭源BATV,2种方法的阳性符合率为66.67%(2/3)。建立的基于SYBRⅠ检测BATV的qRT-PCR方法、特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于BATV的分子流行病学研究。展开更多
Storing thermal energy in mass concrete floors would have a major impact on the stability of the temperature in buildings.The concept of a thermal battery refers to storing the supplied radiant heat and releasing this...Storing thermal energy in mass concrete floors would have a major impact on the stability of the temperature in buildings.The concept of a thermal battery refers to storing the supplied radiant heat and releasing this heat the next day through radiation and convection.In this study,an approach is introduced to examine the idea of thermal battery in thick concrete flooring(1.22 m)using the earth as a heat source.Controlled experiments were built and conducted on an instrumented 3000 m 2 industrial facility.The heating radiant floor combining with ground source system was operated during off-peak hours and the air conditioning system was disabled for 24 h during the test period.The heat pumps were operated in single stage using less power compared to when operated on demand.Indoor air temperature showed that 100(37.78℃)supply temperature at the ground source heat pump would be enough to maintain a stable warm temperature during cold days.Two weather conditions in the winter were selected to do the tests.The second test had a colder ambient temperature to verify the procedure.The indoor air temperature showed that the night heating system performs well for both cases because it maintained a constant temperature for the entire operational day even in the daytime when every heating unit was off.This approach of applying the heating at nighttime with lower electricity rates would lead to significant operational cost savings in the building.展开更多
基金Supported by the Nanjing University of Telecommunication and Posts under Grant No NY212010the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91233117,50973104 and 51333007+2 种基金the Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK2012834the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2015CB932200the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consumption of organic materials but also greatly reduces the structural heterogeneities and effectively facilitates the charge injection into the emissive layer. The resulting green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes （PHOLEDs） exhibit higher electroluminescent efficiency. The maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency reach 23.7% and 88 cd/A, respectively. Moreover the device demonstrates satisfactory stability, keeping 23.7% and 88cd/A, 22% and 82cd/A, respectively, at a luminance of 100 and 1000cd/m2. The working mechanism for achieving high efficiency based on such a simple device structure is discussed correspondingly. The improved charge carrier injection and transport balance are proved to prominently contribute to achieve the high efficiency and great stability at high luminance in the green PHOLEDs.
文摘A series of green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on bipolar-transporting material 4,4Lbis- （carbazol-9-yl） biphenyl （CBP） are prepared. We insert a mixed host emitting interlayer （CBPx： electron- transporting material 1,3,＆tris （N-phenylbenzimidazole-2yl） （TPBi）1-X） in the middle of the emitting layer, and the best performance appears when x is 2/3. The position of this interlayer can also affect the performanee of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. When this interlayer is close to the side of the electron transporting layer, the maximum value of luminance, the current efficiency and the power efficiency are 34090cd/m2 at 12 V, 60. 6 cd/A and 56.6 lm/W, respectively.
基金financially supported by the National Institute of Technology,Manipur,India
文摘The strength of the mould cavity in sand casting is very much significant to attain high-quality castings. Optimization of green sand process parameters plays a vital role in minimizing casting defects. In the present research work, the effect of process parameters such as AFS grain fineness number, water, molasses, bentonite, fly ash, and ramming, and their levels on the resultant mould properties were investigated and optimized using Taguchi based grey relational analysis. The Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and analysis of variance(ANOVA) were used. The quality characteristics viz., green compression strength, permeability, bulk density, mould hardness and shatter index of green sand mould were optimized using grey relational grade, based on the experiments designed using Taguchi's Design of Experiments. ANOVA analysis indicated that water content is the most influential parameter followed by bentonite, and degree of ramming that contributes to the quality characteristics. The results are confirmed by calculating confidence intervals, which lies within the interval limits. Finally, microstructure observations and X-ray diffraction analysis have been performed for the optimal sand parametric combination. Results show that presence of maximum amount of SiO_2, which might be the reason for enhancement of the physical properties of the sand.
文摘With the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources in the traditional resource-based enterprises,the resources-waste,environmental pollution and ecological destruction are becoming more and more serious.Under the background of ecological civilization construction,the green transformation of resource-based enterprises in the western region is extremely urgent.Through the review of related literatures,based on sustainable development theory and dynamic capability theory,the paper study the basic characteristics and difficulties of western resource-based enterprises,and analyze the ecological network and basic path of enterprise.Combined with the actual case,this study analyzes the motivation,conditions,restrictive factors and transition path of resource-based enterprises green transformation in the western regions and then puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the realization of resource-based enterprises green transformation.
基金This work was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(China Fund[1998]6)that was entitled“Synthesis of Modified Starch Binder and Its Application in Foundry”.Authors would like to thank academician Jinzong YANG and lecturer Hua ZHANG for the kind analyses and discussions.
文摘Interactions between different components in α-starch based composite binder for green sand mould/core were investigated by using XRD, IR spectra, 1H NMR spectra and SEM. Several adhesive hardening structures and theories of the binder at room temperature were proposed according to the interactions between various compositions. Thus, the reasons for the binder to have excellent combination properties and unique adhesive bonding and self-curing characteristics were explained by these theories successfully. And the theories are of great directive importance to design and development of composite binder for green sand mould/core.
文摘Increasing consumption, changing nature of loads and the need to reduce carbon emission are some of the factors threatening electricity grid stability and reliability. Demand side management programs mainly work by shifting consumption from peak to off-peak period, which inconveniences some consumers and possibly creates a new peak (Reverse Peak) in off-peak hours. Growing use of Photovoltaic solar power in residences provides an opportunity to manage grid reliability and stability in a more flexible manner, and mitigates reverse peaks. We propose a community based scheduling algorithm that guarantees access to shared power capacity and integrates residences’ solar power into the grid. Results indicate peak demand can be reduced by up to 32.1%, while energy costs can be reduced by up to 14.0%. Furthermore, coordinated discharging can mitigate reverse peaks by up to 23.4%. Encouraging and integrating green energy generation and storage in the consumer side is crucial to grid stability and reliability.
文摘为建立鸭巴泰病毒(Batai virus,BATV)SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测方法,研究根据鸭BATV非结构蛋白(NSs)基因特征,设计引物,经条件优化后建立检测BATV感染的qRT-PCR方法。用建立的qRT-PCR方法对临床72份疑似BATV感染的病料进行检测,并对阳性样品进行病毒分离,评价两种方法的符合率。结果表明,当病毒NS基因含量为3.59×10~2~3.59×10~7拷贝/μL时有良好的线性扩增,其扩增相关系数为0.9994,扩增效率为98%。最低检测限为3.59×10~2拷贝/μL;扩增产物的熔解曲线分析只出现1个单特异峰,无引物二聚体,Tm值为(81.60±0.16)℃,对鸭源常见病毒(如鸭甲肝病毒、禽坦布苏病毒、禽Ⅰ型副黏病毒、H9N2亚型禽流感病毒、新型鸭呼肠孤病毒和番鸭呼肠孤病毒)检测均为阴性,组内变异系数和组间变异系数分别为0.49%~1.99%和0.58%~2.18%。临床送检的72份病料SYBRⅠ实时荧光定量PCR方法的阳性率为4.17%(3/72),并分离到2株鸭源BATV,2种方法的阳性符合率为66.67%(2/3)。建立的基于SYBRⅠ检测BATV的qRT-PCR方法、特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于BATV的分子流行病学研究。
文摘Storing thermal energy in mass concrete floors would have a major impact on the stability of the temperature in buildings.The concept of a thermal battery refers to storing the supplied radiant heat and releasing this heat the next day through radiation and convection.In this study,an approach is introduced to examine the idea of thermal battery in thick concrete flooring(1.22 m)using the earth as a heat source.Controlled experiments were built and conducted on an instrumented 3000 m 2 industrial facility.The heating radiant floor combining with ground source system was operated during off-peak hours and the air conditioning system was disabled for 24 h during the test period.The heat pumps were operated in single stage using less power compared to when operated on demand.Indoor air temperature showed that 100(37.78℃)supply temperature at the ground source heat pump would be enough to maintain a stable warm temperature during cold days.Two weather conditions in the winter were selected to do the tests.The second test had a colder ambient temperature to verify the procedure.The indoor air temperature showed that the night heating system performs well for both cases because it maintained a constant temperature for the entire operational day even in the daytime when every heating unit was off.This approach of applying the heating at nighttime with lower electricity rates would lead to significant operational cost savings in the building.
