Analysis on synergies and trade-offs in green building development:from the perspective of SDG 11

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a prospect for the future development of all countries in the world.Its core is to set up the Sustainable Development Goals for the year of 2030,and develop a series of institutional mechanisms around SDGs to promote its implementation.The SDGs include 17 goals,of which SDG 11 is to make cities and human settlements inclusive,safe,resilient and sustainable.Green building can play a positive role in the implementation of SDG 11.However,the entire process of green building development involves multiple stakeholders and various professional fields,which play different roles where may be positive synergies or negative trade-offs in the whole process.This paper uses the nexus approaches to clarify how multiple stakeholders and professions interact with each other in the green building development with the aim of promoting SDG 11.

Implementation Path and Development Trend of Green Buildings Based on Life Cycle Management

In response to the Beautiful China development strategy,in accordance with the"applicable,economical,green and beautiful"architectural policy of the new era,green buildings have been continuously optimized and popularized.Based on the life cycle theory,from the multi-dimensional perspectives of policy,building materials,construction,design,evaluation standards,operation,etc.,this paper studied the implementation path and development trend of green buildings.It discussed the main implementation paths and restrictive factors of green buildings,and provided solutions and development directions.It mainly elaborated the influencing factors and development direction of green buildings,in order to provide a documentary support for the development of green building industry,and provide a certain reference for the ecological civilization construction of beautiful China.

Green Buildings:The Future of Sustainable Living

The objective of this research project was fulfilled through creation of a contemporary home,that of which undeniably projects modernization due to key LEED(leadership in energy and environmental design)features.Design of this project was carefully supervised by the civil engineering department at California State University,Northridge.The design incorporates a 3-story single-family home with a steel infrastructure.These design properties had a positive impact in LEED specific adjustments which assisted with the overall increase in sustainability.The six civil engineering senior students were able to successfully create a cost analysis and compare the benefits of a LEED incorporated design as opposed to a standard residential home.The difference between the two is evident as the highly sustainable building resulted in a 7.6%increase in overall cost.However,as the savings in energy progress over a 9-year period,the home will inevitably reduce the overall cost to the owner.This research project aided in allowing this diverse team of students to be exposed to real life scenarios,with incorporation of their knowledge acquired from the past 4 years.The diversity and teamwork of this group allowed for equal opportunities of innovation and leadership.Skills such as proper communication and critical thinking will significantly impact them as they progress in their careers as civil engineers.

Smart Buildings for A Sustainable Development

The use of sustainable technologies for buildings, with the goal of creating an environment for living and working that uses fewer resources and generates less waste, also aims to retrofit existing buildings to be more efficient in terms of energy and water. Many cities are following this way targeting both commercial and municipal buildings. These cities are called smart cities where all life processes and nerve centers of social life are read, in order to radically improve quality of life, opportunity, prosperity, social and economic development, thanks to the use of technology. This paper deals with the study of smart buildings within smart cities, namely the use in an integrated project of computer and telematics tools with automation organized systems and passive bioclimatic strategies in architecture, determining a socio-technical management of intelligent building. The article is the result of a research carded out within the framework of intelligent buildings in the last generation cities, such as those ones with zero emissions that are taking place in the Middle East countries （Dubai, Masdar, Tiajin, and Kochi）. The topic deals with the issues of building automation as a form of technological intelligence and the study of those smart technologies integrated into the building envelope that improve its performances, making it more sustainable. The research methodology has provided a bibliographic retrieval on the state of the art and the latest technological trends in the building field, later has followed a theoretical and comparative approach of the examined technologies, which led to the development of reasoning on operation, performance and functional capabilities of a building that is both sustainable and home automation, to arrive at the final concept of sustainable intelligent building, able to combine the artificial intelligence, home automation, and technological devices of the architectural project to enhance the building energy performance. In conclusion, the proposed result is that of an integrated intelligent building in which artificial intelligence will become part of the shell-building in order to achieve high levels of energy efficiency and thus environmental sustainability.

Adoption of, the Palestine Green Building Design Approach, with the Help of Checklist Tools

Nowadays our world is faced with various environmental problems. These environmental problems are caused by the increasing pollution in the world, increasing production and consumption of material goods. These problems have serious consequences for human health and also have a major impact on natural ecosystems. This paper discussed sustainable green building in terms of key principles for sustainable building, strategies and guidelines for sustainable green building, and steps for an integrated approach to green design. The study also looked at the status of green building and sustainability, as well as green building materials in Palestine. The study suggested a checklist to help assess the condition of buildings in Palestine and the extent to which they respond to the principles of sustainable green buildings, thus, contributing to help new and existing buildings to adopt a sustainable green building approach, in order to achieve the goals of sustainable green construction in terms of saving energy and resources and reducing waste, therefore, participating in preserving the environment and improving the quality of life.

Problems and Solutions to Planning and Design of Green Building

Green building is one of the important issues for human beings to face ecological and environmental crisis and to examine its own behaviors. To realize sustainable development of architectural industry,main problems in planning and design of green building are analyzed,ideas and suggestions for planning and design of domestic green building are put forward,under the guidance of green building evaluation standards,and on the following two aspects,including urban planning and design driven by shortterm benefits and different design emphases due to unilateral understanding of green building.

Fire risk of green building technical components

The concept of the green building as sustainable construction has continuously been studied,developed and distributed.Technologies to realize the green building to use less energy,while protecting the environment and improving the quality of residences have increasingly been used in not only new buildings in the design phase,but also in existing ones to reduce the energy and environment loads.Therefore,the number of green buildings is increasing.However,there are some cases that green building technologies for low energy use,low carbon emissions and pleasant indoor environment violate fire safety standards;so it is imminent to address the issue.Furthermore,unlike continuous studies on development and distribution of green buildings,there are few studies on the issue because of the lack of fire safety awareness of green buildings.Therefore,this study intends to raise the awareness of fire safety awareness of green buildings through theoretical consideration and analysis of cases about green building technologies.

Discussion on green building materials

With the continuous development of science and technology and constantly improve of the quality of life, most people are increasingly aware of the importance of the environment. According to the serious problem that resource consumption and environmental pollution caused by the traditional building materials, green building materials has been the support of the people. Because of its low consumption, less pollution, beneficial to human health, harmony with the environment and other excellent performance, the green building materials has a rapid development in recent years. This paper is based on the thinking of innovation, starting from the environment, energy saving point of view, analysis the advantages and shortcomings of green building materials, explore the developing trend and future of this new type of material.

An Integrative Socio-Technical Enterprise Approach to Urban Design/Planning for Sustainable Development

Human society locally and globally needs to better understand and respond to ever-more complex, interwoven problems: environmental degradation;climate instability;persistent poverty;disparities in human health;growing income/wealth inequality;economies and infrastructures vulnerable to climate shock;and mounting socio-political unrest. Cities are where most people live, urbanization is a strong upward global trend, and cities bring all these problems into sharp, compelling focus. Since outcomes stem from processes and systems, we argue transformative changes depend on re-imagining the Urban Design, Urban Planning and Urban Development Practice (UD/UP/UDP) process. While there has been insufficient attention to process innovation— with technological aspects tending to dominate UD/UP/UDP work—emerging systems views of cities, and disenchantment with existing modes are enabling. We propose an empirically based integrative frame to tackle recognized conundrums, and inform an adaptive UD/UP/UDP process—from concept through design, assessment, planning, implementation, project functioning and monitoring. The frame contemplates six domains (6-D): 1) Project ethos, concept, and framing;2) sectors, topics, and issues;3) Varying spatial and temporal scales;4) Stakeholder interests, relationships and capacities;5) Knowledge types, modes and methods;and 6) Socio-technical capacities and networks. The frame, process and outcomes constitute a socio-technical enterprise (STE) approach to UD/UP/UDP work, with implications for education, training, and professional practice. We highlight the pivotal role Integrators and Universities play, and the scalability of STE knowledge/capacity networks. The case of Greater Mexico City/Central Mexico Urban Region illustrates the utility of the approach in a hyper-complex, climate-change vulnerable regional context.

A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION OF GREEN BUILDING RESEARCH IN AFRICA

Owing to the adverse impact of the architecture,engineering and construction indus-try on the human and natural environment,the adoption of green building(GB)has been on the rise globally.The significant rise in the number of global research output on GB is a pointer to its proliferation.In this paper,a novel scientometric analysis of GB research in Africa is presented.This study aims to analyze and visualize GB research output in Africa from the millennium development goals(MDGs)era up to the present sustainable development goals(SDGs)era.A quantitative method(science mapping)was employed to analyze the 156 bibliometric records gathered from the Scopus database.An analysis of the dataset reveals that significant contribu-tions to GB research in Africa originate from Egypt,South Africa,Nigeria,Algeria,Ghana,Morocco,Kenya,Mauritius,Ethiopia and Cameroon.This research provides stakeholders in the built environment with the requisite knowledge and understand-ing of the trend and state of GB research in Africa,which will help in guiding poli-cymaking,research directions and intervention areas in every sector of the economy.

EVALUATING INSTITUTIONAL GREEN BUILDING POLICIES:A Mixed-Methods Approach

Sustainable or green building practices have been adopted recently by many higher education institutions for their new campus buildings and major renovations.To date,no formal study has been conducted to determine if policy is essential for sustainable building practices and the implementation of LEED®for these institutional green buildings in North America.A mixed-methods approach consisting of a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews was undertaken with senior facility professionals at higher education institutions in North America.The survey evalu-ated the institution’s use of a policy,guideline,standard,law or goal related to sustainable building practices and the interview identified specific practices as well as issues such as leadership,policy compliance and barriers to adopting sustainable building policies.This paper provides a framework for an institutional sustainable building policy that is suitable to use as a template for senior facility professionals and their specific policy development.This work contrib-utes to a foundation for future research related to sustainable/green building policy development and its application to the higher education sector.

DEVELOPING A FOCUS FOR GREEN BUILDING OCCUPANT TRAINING MATERIALS

With the shift from conventional to green buildings a need emerges to train staff on how to work within them.Build-ing occupants control many of the green building technologies,which makes it necessary to educate occupants on the differences between using a green building versus a conventional building in order to secure the green building’s suc-cess.The breadth of information that is necessary for an occupant to know in order to change their behaviors to be in accord with the high performing building they occupy makes it necessary to use a systematic method to reduce the in-formation provided in trainings.This study employs a decision matrix approach as an objective means to narrow the focus of the training.A case study is used to implement the methods developed in this study.A focus group evaluated the effectiveness of the decision matrix.Results from the focus group showed that staff was active in waste reduction behaviors,but not in energy efficient actions.This supported the outcome of the decision matrix infinding relevant,necessary information for the training.

HOW DO GREEN BUILDINGS COMMUNICATE GREEN DESIGN TO BUILDING USERS?A SURVEY STUDY OF A LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDING

Studies investigating the benefits of green buildings can be approached by the affor-dance theory-the perceived properties of a thing that determine how it could pos-sibly be used.This study focuses on the sustainable communication and education that a green building should provide.By applying the affordance theory,we examined whether a LEED-certified university campus building effectively communicates green design and sustainability to its users and if so,then how?We employed a question-naire survey targeting campus users of a LEED-certified building by examining their awareness of the building’s LEED status and perception of green design elements at multiple spatial scales,as well as their general knowledge on green building topics.We collected 177 questionnaires,of which 153 were qualified for statistical analysis.The results suggested that the building itself can afford to promote awareness among users,but cannot afford to educate users on general green building knowledge.We found that building users perceived green design at different spatial scales,preferring either product or space-related design.Our results indicate that future design should continue promoting the use of educational signage,which was found to be the most effective communicator of sustainability.The communication of green design to users with different spatial preferences remains a future research focus.Further studies on the innovative use of green building design as effective communicators are needed to promote sustainability education among the building users.

DETERMINING ADEQUATE INFORMATION FOR GREEN BUILDING OCCUPANT TRAINING MATERIALS

As knowledge of the built environment’s impact on resource and energy use increases,industry leaders are moving toward a healthier,more sustainable solution by building green.Though green buildings have the ability to improve occupant health and productivity,it is not clear what impact the behaviors of building occupants have on the building.New systems and technologies in green buildings require building occupants to think and operate differently in their new green environment,otherwise risking not fully gaining the benefits of the new facility.The new behaviors necessary to the success of the green building are not necessarily obvious or trivial.They cannot simply be learned“on-the-job;”rather the transformation will require formal education.It likely requires changing attitudes and beliefs in addition to building a robust understanding of new procedures.This study sought to determine the amount of information neces-sary to change occupants’willingness to use new energy-efficient behaviors not followed in the conventional building.An empirical test comparing four versions of the same training,each with varying amounts and types of information was presented to three different populations:nursing staff of a green building,clinical staff of a green building,and nursing staff of a conventional building.Results show that knowledge of green building standards and the impact of energy saving behaviors are the information necessary to increase willingness to change behaviors.Also,staff members of the new,green building are more willing to change behaviors than staff of the conventional building.

GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS:A REVIEW OF STATE OF THE ART STUDIES OF INNOVATIVE MATERIALS

1.INTRODUCTION is paper presents a comprehensive survey of the latest international publications(2012-2017)regarding innovative and environmentally sustainable materials that reduce the production of pollutants.It is recognised that world construction is responsible for substantial amounts of harmful emissions.In particular,the survey collected data on new sustainable solutions and innovative materials,such as cement,wood,glass and ceramics that are essential to minimize the environmental impact of buildings on the ecosystem and to reduce the consumption of natural resources. erefore,the paper’s intent is to give an overview of the current state of the art and research in the eld of bio-building,gathering information on the environmental impacts of these innovative materials and listing the bene ts that can be obtained with their use.The findings of this study support the growing importance of grecn building as a componcnt of the whole construction market and provide a benchmark against which to mcasure futurc changes in the industry over time.

MARKET READINESS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR GREEN BUILDINGS:CASE STUDY FROM HONG KONG

This study is to assess developers’market readiness to green construction including their ideas on green construction,their understanding of current green building policies,their awareness and familiarity with green building and related industries,and the barriers they are facing for implementing green building projects.By eleven face-to-face semi-structured interviews with locally-based developers,the study finds that the Green Building Market in Hong Kong is basically ready in technology level.However,the motivation for green development is confined to commercial buildings for lease.Legislation is agreed by developers as an effective motivator to green building development.An effective mechanism to provide incentives for market players to adopt green voluntarily is explored in this paper.Expedited permits and density bonus are thought to be major incentives.

The Case for Integrative Sustainable Development Practice Based on the Minas Conga Gold-Mining Experience in Peru

Mining projects are among the most impactful development projects, and the most controversial. The Conga Mining Project, proposed by the U.S. based Newmont Mining Corporation, in partnership with Minas Buenaventura, was slated for the Cajamarca region of Peru. Since the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was completed in 2010, controversy has escalated: public protests have precipitated a political crisis for President Humala, with several ministers resigning. The proposed project would have been made located approximately 73 km northeast of the city of Cajamarca, in the northern Peruvian Andes, in the district of Sorochuco, within an area defined by four major lakes, headwaters of rivers, and wetlands. Despite findings of “no significant impact” by the 2010 EIA, the project is currently postponed indefinitely due to the public backlash, international attention, and questions of integrity surrounding environmental and social concerns. We use the Conga Mining case to interrogate business-as-usual (BAU) design, assessment, planning, implementation and monitoring practices for extractive development in Peru, and suggest alternatives. Our analysis is based on an integrative framework that is empirically based (previously developed by the authors), one with a greater likelihood of improving sustainable development and the equity of positive and negative impacts among stakeholders. Suggestions are tailored to the setting: we pay special attention to the climate-change and socio-political contexts of Peru. We seek to exploit a shifting political landscape that is resisting BAU and countering the systematic disenfranchisement of vulnerable populations by extractive resource industries. These appear to be enabling conditions to promote the adoption of a capacity building, socio-technical enterprise approach to framing and designing sustainable development projects in Peru, with implications beyond.

Green building research in South Africa:A scoping review and future roadmaps

The construction industry is recognised to pose serious environmental threats due to its anthropogenic activities.To confront this challenge,green building has been famed as an auspicious strategy to alleviate energy-related carbon emissions alongside climate change mitigation.Consequently,it has birthed diverse empirical studies and holistic reviews by the research community.However,these previous studies have been carried out from a global and continental viewpoint regardless of the green building development specifically in emerging economies.This present study seeks to fill the sparse research upshots on the synthesis of green building research at the country level with core focus on South Africa.In this light,the current study provides a scoping overview of the intellectual exploration on green building research in the South African context.The study’s findings highlight the varying growth regarding the subject matter,the drivers,drawbacks,and socio-economic issues confronting in developing green building projects in the country.To optimize the advancement of green building in the region,this study recommends the implementation of financing schemes,utilization of advanced digital technologies,and promotion of green and sustainable building curricula across the institutions as well as post-occupancy-related studies within the green building spectrum towards a safe and salutogenic built-environment in the country.

Environmental Strategies for Design of Sustainable Buildings in Technique of Green Eco-Architecture

Architecture is defined as a symbiosis of function, aesthetics, technology and economics. This paper introduces the concept of development of technology in architecture for a sustainable society. The concept is based on a systemic link building-climate-energy. The scientific analysis of this link allows us to define three technical levels of modern architecture. The lowest level is represented by low energy architecture that gives priority to the element of energy. Climate is defined only by physical parameters here. It is characterized by the production of emissions that deplete the Biocapacity of the Earth. Higher level of architecture is represented by green architecture which gives equal priority to both energy and ecology. Climate is defined by physical and chemical parameters here. It is characterized by the tendency of reduction of emissions production and move towards environmentally clean energy, material and water sources. Sustainable architecture represents the target program of development of human settlements in the interaction of society-energy-ecology. It is characterized by the balance of categories nature-man-technology and by minimizing the emissions production to the extent of their coverage by the Earth＇s ecosystems. This paper introduces design strategy for green building. The basic structure of the strategy defines, and internal structure of the strategy emphasizes, principles and concepts of green buildings. In this strategy, the vital role is played by renewable energy sources as a production technology of the capital provided to man by nature.