As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world...As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage)has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services(ESs).In this study,three ecological models(In VEST,RUSLE,and CASA)were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and net primary production(NPP)in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015.The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed.It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change.Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP.In detail,temporally,SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend,while WY exhibited a decreasing trend.Spatially,SC basically decreased from west to east;NPP basically increased from north to south;WY basically increased from west to east;NPP and SC,SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP,while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy.Therefore,future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.展开更多
With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. Green （organic） trade barrier gradually attracts more attention to the non-tariff barrier in the international tr...With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. Green （organic） trade barrier gradually attracts more attention to the non-tariff barrier in the international trade. However, according to the economic levels of different countries, great differences exist in environment standards of these countries which resulted in the appearance of green trade barriers as trade protection. This study classified the connotations and characteristics of green trade barrier, gave the descriptions on the development and type of green trade barrier, and analysed the influences on China＇s export and put forward some countermeasures which aimed at stimulating the development of our foreign trade.展开更多
With their advantages in the field of environmental protection, by means of combining trade in the WTO andenvironmental protection, many countries and territories have laid down the principle of "the green trade ...With their advantages in the field of environmental protection, by means of combining trade in the WTO andenvironmental protection, many countries and territories have laid down the principle of "the green trade barrier", whichconstitutes a serious challenge against our produce export. It is hypothesized that the basic solution to the barrier is thereplacement of the conventional agricultural mode with the recycling agriculture mode, whereby implementations and mea-sures of the new mode are put forward,展开更多
A green economy is an economy that aims to reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities,and that lines up sustainable development without degrading the environment.Waste can be solid,liquid,or gas and each typ...A green economy is an economy that aims to reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities,and that lines up sustainable development without degrading the environment.Waste can be solid,liquid,or gas and each type has different methods of disposal and management.Since the common principles of management are efficiency and fairness,Blockchain as a peer-to-peer concept with a consensus mechanism is suitable for waste management.The paper presents the first stage of project“Blockchain in solid waste management”.From several points of view a review of solid waste management is performed,in which the blockchain has the major role:(1)problem definition and possible solutions;(2)Blockchain applications in solid waste management;(3)blockchain applications for different solid waste types;(4)blockchain elements for waste management;(5)blockchain in cooperation with other technologies.The author syntheses advanced sorting process,models of Blockchain in solid waste trading,and three use cases with selected granularity.The used design methodology is unified modelling language:activity diagrams and communication diagrams.The author applies the principles of supply and demand.The models are intended for business developers,university professors,and students.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Key Technology Research and Development Project of China(No.2018YFC0507301-02)Chinese Academy of Sciences,Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project(Class A)(No.XDA2002040201)Shaanxi Province Natural Science Basic Research Project(No.2018JM4016)
文摘As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage)has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services(ESs).In this study,three ecological models(In VEST,RUSLE,and CASA)were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and net primary production(NPP)in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015.The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed.It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change.Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP.In detail,temporally,SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend,while WY exhibited a decreasing trend.Spatially,SC basically decreased from west to east;NPP basically increased from north to south;WY basically increased from west to east;NPP and SC,SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP,while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy.Therefore,future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.
基金Heilongjiang Province Humanity Social Science F (10552015)
文摘With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. Green （organic） trade barrier gradually attracts more attention to the non-tariff barrier in the international trade. However, according to the economic levels of different countries, great differences exist in environment standards of these countries which resulted in the appearance of green trade barriers as trade protection. This study classified the connotations and characteristics of green trade barrier, gave the descriptions on the development and type of green trade barrier, and analysed the influences on China＇s export and put forward some countermeasures which aimed at stimulating the development of our foreign trade.
文摘With their advantages in the field of environmental protection, by means of combining trade in the WTO andenvironmental protection, many countries and territories have laid down the principle of "the green trade barrier", whichconstitutes a serious challenge against our produce export. It is hypothesized that the basic solution to the barrier is thereplacement of the conventional agricultural mode with the recycling agriculture mode, whereby implementations and mea-sures of the new mode are put forward,
文摘A green economy is an economy that aims to reduce environmental risks and ecological scarcities,and that lines up sustainable development without degrading the environment.Waste can be solid,liquid,or gas and each type has different methods of disposal and management.Since the common principles of management are efficiency and fairness,Blockchain as a peer-to-peer concept with a consensus mechanism is suitable for waste management.The paper presents the first stage of project“Blockchain in solid waste management”.From several points of view a review of solid waste management is performed,in which the blockchain has the major role:(1)problem definition and possible solutions;(2)Blockchain applications in solid waste management;(3)blockchain applications for different solid waste types;(4)blockchain elements for waste management;(5)blockchain in cooperation with other technologies.The author syntheses advanced sorting process,models of Blockchain in solid waste trading,and three use cases with selected granularity.The used design methodology is unified modelling language:activity diagrams and communication diagrams.The author applies the principles of supply and demand.The models are intended for business developers,university professors,and students.
