Technical Points of Green Prevention and Control Technology of Major Diseases and Pests in Lixian Rhubarb(Rheum palmatum L.)

Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the production of medicinal sources of Lixian rhubarb during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.The results will provide a theoretical basis for increasing the promotion and application of agricultural prevention and control(including disease-resistant varieties,ecological regulation),physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control measures,thus ensuring effective protection of the ecological environment,green,healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in Longnan,and source quality of authentic medicinal materials.

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Peanut Diseases and Pests in Nanchong City

This paper introduced the main types of peanut pests and diseases in Nanchong City,and proposed green prevention and control technical measures for the reference of local growers.

Occurrence Regularity and Ecological Control Technology of Diseases of Hedgerow Commonly Used in Greening in Five Cities of Southern Jiangsu

The disease types, symptom characteristics, pathogenesis and ecological control technology of hedgerow commonly used in landscape greening in Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou were systematically studied. The results showed that there were 10 kinds of common diseases of flowers and shrubs in landscape greening in five cities of southern Jiangsu. Among them, 8 were caused by deuteromycotina and 2 were caused by subphylum basidiomycetes. It was pointed out that the disease regularity was directly related to the pathogenic bacteria, temperature and humidity, microclimate and hedgerow growth. For the first time, the ecological control method of hedgerow disease which focused on ecological health maintenance was put forward.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control of Major Sugarcane Diseases and Pests in Low Latitude Plateau

This research was aimed at the defects in traditional artificial spraying control method and the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle and late stage of sugarcane high stalk crops.The aerial pesticide application technology for sugarcane main diseases and pests was systematically developed and demonstrated from the aspects of aircraft type choice,selection of special pesticides and auxiliaries,integration of pesticides and equipment,field operation,technical specifications,and large-scale application organization mode.The UAV model and flight technical parameters suitable for the sugarcane planting area in low-latitude plateau were analyzed,and the optimal agent formulation combination and application technology of the UAV flight control were screened out,and the UAV flight control was applied to the major sugarcane pests and diseases control in the low-latitude plateau in large scale(UAV flight control was popularized and applied to 15 527 hm 2 in 2018).The research results provided mature whole-process technical support for the normalization of the application of the UVA flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases.The UAV control technology for major sugarcane pests and diseases had the advantages of ultra-low pesticides applying dosage and high operating efficiency,and could effectively solve the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle late growth stage of high stalk crops.This technology successfully opened up a simple,efficient and new way for the effective control of major sugarcane pests and diseases,and practically accelerated the process of integrated control and prevention of sugarcane pests and diseases.In addition,this technology had an extremely significant effect on reducing the loss of sugarcane farmers and enterprises caused by the epidemic and outbreak of sugarcane pests and diseases,increasing sugarcane yield and sugar content.At the same time,this technology played an important role in realizing the whole-process precise control of sugarcane pests and diseases,improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of sugarcane,and guaranteeing the national sugar safety.

Main Diseases and Pests of Jujube and Control Strategies in Shanxi

The main diseases and pests in the major growing area of jujube in Shanxi Province in recent years are investigated and studied,and several main diseases and pests are described.Based on the green prevention and control concept of crop diseases and pests proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of China,the prevention and control of jujube diseases and pests are expounded from the perspectives of strengthening forecast,agricultural management,biological control and chemical control,in order to provide scientific basis for green development of jujube industry.

Detection and Discrimination of Tea Plant Stresses Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technique at a Canopy Level

Tea plant stresses threaten the quality of tea seriously.The technology corresponding to the fast detection and differentiation of stresses is of great significance for plant protection in tea plantation.In recent years,hyperspectral imaging technology has shown great potential in detecting and differentiating plant diseases,pests and some other stresses at the leaf level.However,the lack of studies at canopy level hampers the detection of tea plant stresses at a larger scale.In this study,based on the canopy-level hyperspectral imaging data,the methods for identifying and differentiating the three commonly occurred tea stresses(i.e.,the tea leafhopper,anthrax and sun burn)were studied.To account for the complexity of the canopy scenario,a stepwise detecting strategy was proposed that includes the process of background removal,identification of damaged areas and discrimination of stresses.Firstly,combining the successive projection algorithm(SPA)spectral analysis and K-means cluster analysis,the background and overexposed non-plant regions were removed from the image.Then,a rigorous sensitivity analysis and optimization were performed on various forms of spectral features,which yielded optimal features for detecting damaged areas(i.e.,YSV,Area,GI,CARI and NBNDVI)and optimal features for stresses discrimination(i.e.,MCARI,CI,LCI,RARS,TCI and VOG).Based on this information,the models for identifying damaged areas and those models for discriminating different stresses were established using K-nearest neighbor(KNN),Random Forest(RF)and Fisher discriminant analysis.The identification model achieved an accuracy over 95%,and the discrimination model achieved an accuracy over 93%for all stresses.The results suggested the feasibility of stress detection and differentiation using canopy-level hyperspectral imaging techniques,and indicated the potential for its extension over large areas.

脉动燃烧器研究进展及其在病虫害防治中的应用

目前,Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器被广泛应用且前景良好。其具有环保节能、燃烧效率高、传热特性佳、热效率高以及排放污染少等诸多优点。将Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器应用于病虫害防治装备的研制,对稳定作物生产、提高作物品质、增加种植效益以及发展科学植保和绿色植保具有重要意义,有助于保障生态可持续。概述Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器的工作原理,梳理脉动燃烧器的研究发展现状,总结Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器在病虫害防治方面的应用研究。目前便携式脉动燃烧病虫害防治装备存在人机工程学缺陷、土壤蒸汽消毒机热动力源耦合关系不明确、脉动燃烧机理研究不够深入且脉动燃烧器结构简单、装备智能化程度低等问题。提出应用现代化技术研究脉动燃烧机理,研制脉动燃烧病虫害防治装备新型结构与机型,运用智能化、现代化技术开发大型车载式病虫害防治机械,发展脉动燃烧病虫害防治机械智能控制模块的发展对策。

玉米中后期病虫害控害增效药剂组合筛选

为了一体化防控玉米中后期病虫害,在玉米大喇叭口期至抽雄期,应用植保无人机,优化广谱、内吸传导性强、持效期长的杀菌剂与杀虫剂,并与微肥、飞防增效剂混配,开展了玉米中后期病虫害控害增效药剂组合筛选试验。结果表明,17%唑醚·氟环唑悬浮剂900 mL/hm^(2)+40%氯虫·噻虫嗪水分散粒剂180 g/hm^(2)+氨基酸液肥495 mL/hm^(2)+迈飛飞防专用增效剂300 mL/hm^(2)组合、43%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂360 mL/hm^(2)+40%氯虫·噻虫嗪水分散粒剂180 g/hm^(2)+氨基酸液肥495 mL/hm^(2)+迈飛飞防专用增效剂300 mL/hm^(2)组合,对玉米大斑病、灰斑病的防治效果为79.8%~88.2%,对玉米螟、双斑萤叶甲的防治效果为92.3%~94.3%,增产率达15.2%,一次施药可达到防病、防虫、增产的效果。

山东烤烟农药登记现状及主要病虫害防控建议

烤烟是山东省主要栽种的烟草种类,其经济效益较高,是产区当地的重要经济作物之一。近年来,山东烤烟产区的病虫害频发,成为烤烟减产的重要因素之一。该文基于山东烤烟种植过程中发生的主要病虫害种类,系统地梳理烤烟农药登记情况及目前烤烟禁用的农药类型。针对山东烟区当前在烤烟用药登记、烤烟病虫害防治过程中存在问题以及未来研究发展方向进行综述分析与展望,旨在为烤烟生产中农药的科学使用、烤烟产业的绿色高效发展提供参考依据。

山核桃丰产栽培管理技术

研究了山核桃树的生长习性、栽培条件、播种育苗、定植密度、修剪整形、施肥灌溉和病虫害防治等,总结了一套适合我国不同地区的山核桃丰产栽培管理技术体系。采用合理的栽培措施,可以显著提高山核桃树的成活率、生长势、开花坐果率、单果质量和产量,同时也可以改善山核桃的品质,增加经济效益和社会效益,为山核桃的推广和发展提供科学依据和技术指导。

枸杞病虫害绿色防控科技创新进展及发展趋势

枸杞病虫害具有种类多、危害重、发生规律复杂、防控难度大等特点。综述70年来枸杞病虫害从单一的化学农药防治到绿色防控的4个发展阶段,枸杞病虫害防控取得显著成效:建立了宁夏全域枸杞病虫害监测预报技术体系和信息化应用平台,集成建立了枸杞病虫害绿色防控技术体系并在宁夏全域应用。目前,枸杞产业高质量发展与生态保护的重大需求给枸杞病虫害防控带来新的挑战和发展机遇,生态调控成为枸杞病虫害防控科研创新的重大课题,构建以区域生态调控技术为核心,集成信息化监测预警、新型生物农药与天敌产品、农药精准靶向应用等多因子协同增效的枸杞病虫害绿色技术防控体系和治理新模式成为重要的发展目标。

基于物联网的病虫害绿色防控系统研发与应用

为减少农药施用量、发展病虫害绿色防控技术,保障农产品质量安全,基于物联网技术,结合臭氧灭菌防病、光源诱导除虫、作物健康识别和病虫害辨识预警等技术,研发了设施蔬菜病虫害绿色防控系统,主要由多功能植保机和信息管理系统组成。结果表明,绿色防控系统下草莓白粉病发病率较常规施药法降低27.7%,草莓产量提高19.8%,具有显著的草莓白粉病防控效果和增产潜力。同时,系统的预警服务、多方式消杀、远程控制和智能托管等功能有效缓解了我国植保技术装备落后、过度依赖农药使用、劳动力结构性短缺和维保运营困难等问题。系统的应用在一定程度上实现了设施蔬菜病虫害防治的绿色化、专业化和智能化。

结合信息物质的昆虫病原微生物自传播技术研究进展

昆虫病原微生物是害虫综合治理的重要措施,但其防治效果不稳定、速效性差、自然流行慢,因此探索增强昆虫病原生物流行技术是提升其防治效果的重要手段。自传播技术利用昆虫自身传播病原微生物以控制害虫种群数量,该技术提高了昆虫病原微生物在田间的传播效率和精准防控效果,是目前害虫防治具有开发潜力的技术之一。本文阐述了国内外关于结合信息物质的昆虫病原微生物自传播技术研究进展,系统介绍了自传播技术的原理、昆虫病原微生物类群、防治对象和装置等,并对该技术未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期为提高昆虫病原微生物防控害虫效果提供新思路。

青椒果实采后病害及控制技术研究进展

青椒果实因水分含量高和采后代谢旺盛,贮藏期间极易受到病原菌的侵染,严重影响了青椒的贮运品质和商品价值。总结了青椒果实采后的细菌性和真菌性病害,分别从物理、化学和生物保鲜技术3个方面介绍了青椒采后病害的主要防控手段,并进一步阐述了各类防控技术的作用机制,以期为青椒采后病害控制提供参考借鉴。

辽宁豇豆主要病虫害及绿色防控技术

豇豆营养丰富,有较好的保健功效,在我国是一种很受欢迎的蔬菜。但豇豆在生产中具有生长周期短、病虫害发生重、用药频次高等特点,使其农药残留超标情况常位于蔬菜品种前列。豇豆病虫害防治不当制约着豇豆产业的绿色发展。为切实做好豇豆农药残留突出问题攻坚治理,该文基于对辽宁豇豆生产环节的跟踪评价,介绍了辽宁地区豇豆主要病虫害种类及其危害症状,并从绿色防控角度提出针对性措施与建议,为辽宁豇豆安全生产提供参考。

2023年邹城市春花生植保贡献率的测算评估

为了客观反映植保工作在花生生产中对病虫草害的控制效果,评价植保工作在花生生产中的作用,2023年选取全国花生绿色防控示范县邹城为测试点,开展花生重大病虫害植保贡献率的评价。试验设严格综防区、农户自防区和空白对照区,通过试验示范区的防控效果、花生产量、投入成本三个指标进行综合评估。结果表明:2023年邹城市试验区花生病虫草害的防控植保贡献率为33.1%,严格综防区较农户自防区增收11642.85元/hm^(2),表明农户自防区还有很大的增收空间。本项工作通过科学防控可实现增产增效目的,为其他地区春花生植保贡献率的评估提供了技术参考。

基于Android的果树病虫害信息推送系统的设计

针对果树病虫害防控关键时期,结合个性化推送技术,提出了病虫害防控信息推送机制,探讨了信息服务推送的技术关键。本系统采用B/S架构,搭建了My Eclipse开发环境,采用JAVA开发语言进行设计,制定了果树病虫害防控方案,按果树栽培品种、管理关键时期等有针对性的推送病虫害防治信息。实现了"信息找人"的服务方式,为用户提供个性化的主动信息服务,该系统具有服务精准、信息生动等特点。

我国葡萄植保机械化技术发展现状与对策

目前中国葡萄总产量位居世界第一,种植面积仅次于西班牙。植保作业作为葡萄种植过程中的重要环节,其工作量约占葡萄管理总工作量的30%。我国的葡萄植保作业已基本实现机械化,但主要应用的植保机械还普遍存在农机农艺融合困难、先进施药技术集成度低、智能化机具实用性不足和防治效率低等问题。首先,系统地阐述我国现阶段葡萄的主要种植模式、葡萄植保机械的应用现状和存在问题;然后,从“葡萄专用植保机具的创新与研制”“气雾场的仿真与优化”和“先进植保技术的探索与试验”3个方面出发,对近年来我国葡萄植保机械化技术的研究进展进行综述和分析;最后,根据当前我国葡萄植保机械的发展现状和实际国情,提出未来一段时间内的发展对策与具体措施,以期为提升我国葡萄植保机械化水平提供参考。

信阳茶园病虫害发生规律及绿色防控对策

2023年3—7月通过走访调查了解了信阳茶园病虫害发生规律和病虫害防控现状,分析了当前茶园病虫害防控存在栽培管理粗放,病虫害防控措施不力;茶农绿色防控意识不强;缺乏从事绿色防控技术的专业技术人才;小规模的茶叶生产模式转型升级难等问题。针对这些问题,从加强技术指导与培训工作;加强绿色防控宣传引导,培育示范企业,发挥领头作用;加强引进和培育茶园管理绿色防控技术专业人员;政府出台相应政策,增加资金投入,支持生态茶园建设等方面提出了相应对策。

吐鲁番市设施蔬菜病虫害发生特点及绿色防控技术

吐鲁番市大力发展设施农业,设施种植面积扩大和生产周期延长,随着设施种植年限增加和四季周而复始地生产,设施蔬菜病虫害种类增加,发生程度呈逐年上升态势,设施蔬菜病虫害对设施蔬菜产量和品质产生严重影响。为了缓解病虫害对吐鲁番市设施蔬菜产业的影响,通过调查和总结吐鲁番市设施蔬菜病虫害发生特点及规律,有针对性地提出农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等绿色防控技术措施。