The article focuses on the dissemination and development of Chinese medicine in Pakistan.Religious records show that Chinese medicine was introduced to Pakistan as early as 1,400 years ago,while Hijama(Chinese cupping...The article focuses on the dissemination and development of Chinese medicine in Pakistan.Religious records show that Chinese medicine was introduced to Pakistan as early as 1,400 years ago,while Hijama(Chinese cupping)was used by Prophet Hazrat Muhammad to cure different types of diseases.Exchanges and cooperations between China and Pakistan continue to the present day.Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy,cupping therapy and herbal medicine are practiced with significant merits in today’s Pakistan.In the future,with the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative and the landmark project of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor,Chinese medicine can be strengthened through cooperations at the herbal medicine trade level,the research and development level,the educational level,and the social association level.展开更多
This paper focuses on China's primary provinces along its Belt and Road Initiative,measures and analyses the provincial green total factor productivity (GTFP) development by GML index based on SBM directional dist...This paper focuses on China's primary provinces along its Belt and Road Initiative,measures and analyses the provincial green total factor productivity (GTFP) development by GML index based on SBM directional distance function,discusses the temporal evolution characteristics of spatial convergence of the provincial GTFP under multiple spatial weight matrices,and estimates the net effect of China's Belt and Road Initiative on the development gap of provincial GTFP by regression discontinuity.The research shows that the provincial GTFP is generally good while the internal gap is relatively large.There is spatial absolute βconvergence and condition βconvergence in provincial GTFP,and the convergence speed has been signifcantly accelerated since the construction of China's Belt and Road Initiative.The current low economy level and infrastructure allocation efficiency of primary provinces restrict the GTFP development,while government expenditure has promoted the GTFP development,trade between provinces and countries along China's Belt and Road Initiative is negative to GTFP.China's Belt and Road Initiative has significantly narrowed the gap of provincial GTFP development with the net effect of-0.016.展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative makes an important contribution to the right to development in theory and practice in the current world. Since the reform and opening-up, the Chinese government puts the rights to subsiste...The Belt and Road Initiative makes an important contribution to the right to development in theory and practice in the current world. Since the reform and opening-up, the Chinese government puts the rights to subsistence and development before any other human rights, which effectively guarantees and accelerates a rapid economic development in China. Nowadays, countries along the Belt and Road have joined a "community of common destiny". Inside the "community of common destiny," countries have enjoyed not only the responsibility, rights and benefit of the right to development, but also a win-win cooperation that ensured the right to development. Therefore, the Belt and Road initiative enriches the UN Declaration on the Right to Development, and "community of common destiny" of countries becomes a higher form of the right to development.展开更多
Currently, China is advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, which creates a new opportunity of historical significance and provides guidance for the economic and social development of ethnic minority communities(parti...Currently, China is advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, which creates a new opportunity of historical significance and provides guidance for the economic and social development of ethnic minority communities(particularly those in western China). Under the new historical conditions, it is necessary to innovate and improve China's regional aid policies and regional development strategies such as the "pairing assistance" and the Western Development, and organically combine them with the Belt and Road Initiative. In the meantime, China should revolve tightly around the internal and external "connectivity," and give full play to the functions of the "pairing assistance" policy and the "Western Development" strategy in a bid to boost the ethnic development of contemporary China within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.展开更多
As the"Belt and Road"is gaining ground with higher quality,China’s think tanks have played a unique role in facilitating policy communication,enhancing people-to-people connectivity and promoting practical ...As the"Belt and Road"is gaining ground with higher quality,China’s think tanks have played a unique role in facilitating policy communication,enhancing people-to-people connectivity and promoting practical cooperation,and have contributed a lot of"Chinese wisdom"to the development of BRI.展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative not only represents a new blueprint for realizing the right to development, but also provides a realistic approach and a possible solution for it. With clear goals and paths, the Belt and ...The Belt and Road Initiative not only represents a new blueprint for realizing the right to development, but also provides a realistic approach and a possible solution for it. With clear goals and paths, the Belt and Road Initiativ e serves as a model for SouthSouth cooperation to promote development. Under the background of China’s economic progress, given China has the strong political will, adequate financial resources, and advanced technology to advance the initiative it will prove to be reliable driver of development. With the joint efforts of China and relevant countries, the Belt and Road Initiative will greatly promote the right to development of countries along the routes.展开更多
Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is co...Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.展开更多
Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI coun...Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.展开更多
China's "Belt and Road" initiative is emerging as the Western-dominated world order is declining. Capitalism has intensified the rich-poor divide and power politics have led to great upheavals. Western values have ...China's "Belt and Road" initiative is emerging as the Western-dominated world order is declining. Capitalism has intensified the rich-poor divide and power politics have led to great upheavals. Western values have caused a "value dislocation" for non-Western countries. The world is calling for new development concepts. The "Belt and Road" initiative has emerged as an answer. It embodies China's ideas on global development. First, it works for the "common prosperity" of every country, which will ease contradictions between the South and the North. Second, it emphasizes geo-economie integration that will heal the fragmentation of Eurasia. Third, it advocates linkages between people and inclusiveness to create a new kind of civilization. However, many difficulties and challenges lie ahead for the implementation of the "Belt and Road" initiative.展开更多
"The Belt and Road Initiative"is major decision proposed by the CPC Central Committee with comrade Xi Jinping as the core co-ordinating the domestic and international overall situations,and concerns peaceful..."The Belt and Road Initiative"is major decision proposed by the CPC Central Committee with comrade Xi Jinping as the core co-ordinating the domestic and international overall situations,and concerns peaceful rise of China and extension of the strategic opportunity period of modernization construction.It needs multi-faceted safeguards to successfully impel"the Belt and Road Initiative",in which disaster risk identification and its effective prevention and control are indispensable links.By integrating geogeographic and atmospheric environmental factors,countries along"the Belt and Road Initiative"belong to frequent occurrence region of major natural disasters.It restricts not only the economic and social development of relevant countries but also implementation effect of"the Belt and Road Initiative"construction,and is also related to the success or failure of Chinese enterprises going out to a certain extent.It should enhance disaster prevention and mitigation and ensure safety of major infrastructure construction related to interconnection of"the Belt and Road Initiative"by disaster identification and prevention,which is the key of successfully impelling strategy implementation and major need for guaranteeing the people s livelihood of the countries along the line.The work of disaster prevention and mitigation in the countries along the line is generally weak,and it is urgent to raise the level of disaster prevention as a whole by promoting the disaster prevention and mitigation cooperation in the"the Belt and Road Initiative"area;improve the coverage and level of disaster risk insurance;enhance construction in monitoring and early warning capability of natural disaster;strengthen structural adjustment of economy,industry and land use responding to climate change risks;establish a comprehensive disaster reduction forum of"the Belt and Road Initiative",and contain relevant content in"the Belt and Road Initiative"series of high-end forum topics.展开更多
Helping China’s retail industry to "go global" and get actively involved in global value chain competition is an effective way to improve the international competitiveness of China’s retail industry and an...Helping China’s retail industry to "go global" and get actively involved in global value chain competition is an effective way to improve the international competitiveness of China’s retail industry and an important measure to enhance the Chinese manufacturing industry’s position in international markets. The Belt and Road Initiative is China’s national strategy providing guidance for strategic decision-making for China’s retail industry in terms of overseas target market selection, market access selection and overseas investment risk management. As such, efforts should be made to maximize the interactive development of China’s retail industry through the strategies outlined in the Belt and Road Initiative.展开更多
Sustainable development presents a challenge to most countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Given the importance of infrastructure as a key aspect of the BRI,it is of great importance to investigate s...Sustainable development presents a challenge to most countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Given the importance of infrastructure as a key aspect of the BRI,it is of great importance to investigate sustainable infrastructure in BRI countries.This paper explores how infrastructure meets the criteria of sustainable development and promotes sustainability.However,existing evaluation frameworks are not target-oriented,systematic,and practical.To fill this gap,we provide the framework based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and apply it to the evaluation of the C12 Road Reconstruction Project.We find that the project promotes local sustainable development as a whole but has negative effects in some respects.In addition to excellent project management,the project still can improve public communication and local integration.In terms of policy implementation,we suggest summarizing the successful business model and promoting top-down and multi-dimensions designs.展开更多
On September 7th,Sun Huaibin,vice president of China National Textile and Apparel Council,made a speech with the theme of''Belt and Road Initiative' and the development of China's textile industry'...On September 7th,Sun Huaibin,vice president of China National Textile and Apparel Council,made a speech with the theme of''Belt and Road Initiative' and the development of China's textile industry',to discuss the harvest and direction of China's textile industry under the background of 'Belt and Road Initiative',in the warming-up section of 2017 the the 2nd China(Zhengzhou)International Futures Forum.展开更多
China claims that the Belt and Road Initiative is a cross-regional comprehensive initiative covering the economy,social and environmental pillars.When it was first proposed,it identified five main areas which call for...China claims that the Belt and Road Initiative is a cross-regional comprehensive initiative covering the economy,social and environmental pillars.When it was first proposed,it identified five main areas which call for cooperation priorities,i.e.policy coordination,interconnection of facilities,unimpeded trade,financial integration and people-to-people bond.Scholars globally are focusing on the development of the Belt and Road Initiative as it has gone through several development stages.The Belt and Road Initiative initially focused on economic development,equal dialogue and cultural interchange between the Belt and Road Initiative partners and China,and now it has added the concept of green development.This paper reviews the Belt and Road Initiative documents since 2013 and analyses the changes of environmental policies in the Belt and Road Initiative,aiming to identify the challenges and implications of green development.The outcome of this paper provides insight into how the Belt and Road Initiative can contribute towards sustainable development with its partner countries.展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has been pursuing the vision of green development and a way of life and work that is green,low-carbon,circular and sustainable.Recognizing the significance of green development in this...The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has been pursuing the vision of green development and a way of life and work that is green,low-carbon,circular and sustainable.Recognizing the significance of green development in this area,this paper outlines the actions taken by BRI jurisdictions to tackle climate change,and discusses the progress in energy use and carbon pricing reforms in some BRI jurisdictions,with some jurisdictions’experience being explored in detail.It also puts forward some suggestions for China to help advance green transition of BRI jurisdictions,i.e.,promoting domestic carbon pricing reforms,boosting green investment in BRI jurisdic-tions,and deepening tax cooperation and coordination under the framework of the BRITACOM.展开更多
The United States passed the Better Utilization of Investment Leading to Development(BUILD Act),as a counterweight to China’s overseas development activities.Under the Act,the US established a new federal agency,the ...The United States passed the Better Utilization of Investment Leading to Development(BUILD Act),as a counterweight to China’s overseas development activities.Under the Act,the US established a new federal agency,the U.S.International Development Finance Corporation(DFC),to enhance U.S.development financing capabilities.To better understand the impact of the DFC on China’s development finance,this article analyzes the DFC’s purpose,functions,structure,and funding.Then it focuses on the purpose of establishing the DFC,providing a preliminary analysis of the potential motivation for its establishment.It also compares the China Development Bank(CDB)and the DFC based on their focused sectors.Finally,through an in-depth analysis of financial frictions in China-U.S.relations,this article argues that the DFC competes with China’s overseas development financing activities in the context of broader strategic competition between China and the U.S.展开更多
Oman, located at the southeastern comer of the Arabian Peninsula, enjoys a geological advantage in history so that it has been the irreplaceable path to maritime routes since the ancient time. Oman and China have star...Oman, located at the southeastern comer of the Arabian Peninsula, enjoys a geological advantage in history so that it has been the irreplaceable path to maritime routes since the ancient time. Oman and China have started large-scale communications in maritime civilizations through the vast Indian Ocean in Han Dynasty, and the exchanges reached the peak in Tang Dynasty. These exchanges gradually declined with the rise of Western navigation industry. Since the founding of the modem nation-state system, the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Muscat regime in Oman have some conflicts in diplomacy. The relations between two nations, however, began to improve after the mid-1970s, and the formal diplomatic relations was established in 1978. Since then, both countries have enjoyed rapid development in the fields of politics, culture and particularly in economics. China and Oman became important regional economic and trade partners. Whether seen from the perspective of historical contacts or the trend of present economic development, the One Belt and One Road Initiative (OBOR) has providing a golden opportunity for cooperation between China and Oman, at the same time, this initiative has received active response from Oman. In general, China and Oman's cooperation is a typical model in the Middle East, and two countries have made many cooperation achievements under OBOR, such as the China-Oman Industrial Park in Duqm. There are also some investment risks either on micro level or macro level, which require more attention from both government and enterprises of China.展开更多
Since the 1970s,resource crisis,environmental pollution and ecological degradation have become prominent globally,and the limits to growth have always been an important theoretical and policy issue.The technological s...Since the 1970s,resource crisis,environmental pollution and ecological degradation have become prominent globally,and the limits to growth have always been an important theoretical and policy issue.The technological system of early warning and regulation based on carrying capacity evaluation has great potential in natural resource utilization,environmental management and ecosystem conservation.In this paper,the evolution of carrying capacity research and the concept of ecological carrying capacity are summarized,and the existing evaluation methods of ecological carrying capacity are classified into ecological footprint method,comprehensive index system method,ecosystem service analysis method and human appropriation of net primary productivity method.The current problems in ecological carrying capacity study were analyzed and the trend was outlooked.Combined with the special issue,the recent proceeding of ecological carrying capacity study in the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)region was narrated,from the aspects of ecological carrying capacity evaluation method and application,the supply and consumption of ecosystem services,and the resources use and environment change.Some suggestions have been proposed to improve the accuracy and reliability of ecological carrying capacity evaluation:1)the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamic change of ecological carrying capacity should be explored furtherly;2)the interaction between ecological process and human activities should be simulated;3)factors such as climate change,human activities and ecological products and ecological service flows should be integrated into the evaluation system of ecological carrying capacity.展开更多
Mountains are undergoing widespread changes caused by human activities and climate change.Given the importance of mountains,the protection and sustainable development of mountain ecosys-tems have been listed as the go...Mountains are undergoing widespread changes caused by human activities and climate change.Given the importance of mountains,the protection and sustainable development of mountain ecosys-tems have been listed as the goals of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.As one of the indicators,the Mountain Green Cover Index(MGCI)datasets can provide consis-tent and comparable status of green vegetation in mountainous areas,which can support the mapping of heterogeneous mountain ecosystem health and monitoring changes over time.The produc-tion of explicitly high-spatial-resolution MGCI datasets is therefore urgently needed to support the protection measures at subnational and multitemporal scales.In this paper,the MGCI datasets with 500-meter spatial resolutions,covering the economic corridors of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),were developed for 2010 to 2019 based on all available Landsat-8 data and the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform.The validation of green vegeta-tion cover with the ground-truth samples indicated that the data-sets can achieve an overall accuracy of 94.06%,with well-detailed spatial and temporal variations.The archived datasets include the MGCI of each BRI economic corridor,matched to a geospatial layer denoting the economic corridor boundaries.The essential informa-tion of the datasets and their limitations,along with the production flow,were described in this paper.展开更多
基金This research was financed by the grants from the Second Batch of Provincial Curriculum Ideological and Political Teaching Research Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education in 2022(No.Z.J.H.[2022]51)Zhejiang Educational Science Planning Project(No.2022SCG429)Special Project of Traditional Chinese Medical Culture of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(No.2022JKZZW07 and 2022JKZZW13).
文摘The article focuses on the dissemination and development of Chinese medicine in Pakistan.Religious records show that Chinese medicine was introduced to Pakistan as early as 1,400 years ago,while Hijama(Chinese cupping)was used by Prophet Hazrat Muhammad to cure different types of diseases.Exchanges and cooperations between China and Pakistan continue to the present day.Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy,cupping therapy and herbal medicine are practiced with significant merits in today’s Pakistan.In the future,with the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative and the landmark project of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor,Chinese medicine can be strengthened through cooperations at the herbal medicine trade level,the research and development level,the educational level,and the social association level.
文摘This paper focuses on China's primary provinces along its Belt and Road Initiative,measures and analyses the provincial green total factor productivity (GTFP) development by GML index based on SBM directional distance function,discusses the temporal evolution characteristics of spatial convergence of the provincial GTFP under multiple spatial weight matrices,and estimates the net effect of China's Belt and Road Initiative on the development gap of provincial GTFP by regression discontinuity.The research shows that the provincial GTFP is generally good while the internal gap is relatively large.There is spatial absolute βconvergence and condition βconvergence in provincial GTFP,and the convergence speed has been signifcantly accelerated since the construction of China's Belt and Road Initiative.The current low economy level and infrastructure allocation efficiency of primary provinces restrict the GTFP development,while government expenditure has promoted the GTFP development,trade between provinces and countries along China's Belt and Road Initiative is negative to GTFP.China's Belt and Road Initiative has significantly narrowed the gap of provincial GTFP development with the net effect of-0.016.
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative makes an important contribution to the right to development in theory and practice in the current world. Since the reform and opening-up, the Chinese government puts the rights to subsistence and development before any other human rights, which effectively guarantees and accelerates a rapid economic development in China. Nowadays, countries along the Belt and Road have joined a "community of common destiny". Inside the "community of common destiny," countries have enjoyed not only the responsibility, rights and benefit of the right to development, but also a win-win cooperation that ensured the right to development. Therefore, the Belt and Road initiative enriches the UN Declaration on the Right to Development, and "community of common destiny" of countries becomes a higher form of the right to development.
基金a staged research result of"Studies on Regional Policy Innovation and Regional Coordinated Development"(13&ZD017)a key program of the National Social Sciences Fund+1 种基金the"Strategy of Building World-Class Centrally-administered Universities(Programs)and Promoting Characteristic Development"a program supported by special government funds(96176206)
文摘Currently, China is advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, which creates a new opportunity of historical significance and provides guidance for the economic and social development of ethnic minority communities(particularly those in western China). Under the new historical conditions, it is necessary to innovate and improve China's regional aid policies and regional development strategies such as the "pairing assistance" and the Western Development, and organically combine them with the Belt and Road Initiative. In the meantime, China should revolve tightly around the internal and external "connectivity," and give full play to the functions of the "pairing assistance" policy and the "Western Development" strategy in a bid to boost the ethnic development of contemporary China within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.
文摘As the"Belt and Road"is gaining ground with higher quality,China’s think tanks have played a unique role in facilitating policy communication,enhancing people-to-people connectivity and promoting practical cooperation,and have contributed a lot of"Chinese wisdom"to the development of BRI.
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative not only represents a new blueprint for realizing the right to development, but also provides a realistic approach and a possible solution for it. With clear goals and paths, the Belt and Road Initiativ e serves as a model for SouthSouth cooperation to promote development. Under the background of China’s economic progress, given China has the strong political will, adequate financial resources, and advanced technology to advance the initiative it will prove to be reliable driver of development. With the joint efforts of China and relevant countries, the Belt and Road Initiative will greatly promote the right to development of countries along the routes.
基金supported by the Beijing Social Science Fund:Beijing's Participation in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [grant number:17ZGC011]
文摘Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.
文摘Sustainable development is an important component of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and is of great significance for evaluating the levels of sustainable development of countries along this route(henceforth,BRI countries).Therefore,this study aims to identify the factors that influence the levels of sustainable development of BRI countries in a reasonable and objective manner.Eventually,this study employs the super efficiency slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model,which considers unexpected outputs to measure the level of sustainable development of BRI countries.The dynamic change and composition of the sustainable development level of these countries are calculated using the global Malmquist-Luenberger index.Furthermore,the Tobit model is used to identify the factors influencing the level of sustainable development of BRI countries in general and in various categories.The empirical results suggest the following points.(a)The overall level of sustainable development of BRI countries is low,whereas those of high-income and middle-and high-income countries are relatively high.(b)The overall sustainable development levels of BRI countries declined to a certain extent in 2008 owing to the effect of the financial crisis,.However,the sustainable development level of other countries,barring low-income countries,has gradually increased since 2011.(c)Since 2008,technological progress has replaced technical efficiency as the main driving force behind the improvement of the sustainable development level of BRI countries.(d)A U-shaped relationship is observed between the economic and sustainable development levels of these countries.(e)The level of science and technology and the proportion of renewable energy consumption can promote the sustainable development of these countries.Moreover,a negative correlation exists between the level of opening to the outside world and that of sustainable development of countries that mainly export resource-based products and are dominated by labor-intensive export industries.Barring low-income countries,the energy structure plays an effective role in improving the level of sustainable development.Finally,the study presents suggestions for China in the process of coping with the sustainable development of relevant countries during its promotion of the BRI.
文摘China's "Belt and Road" initiative is emerging as the Western-dominated world order is declining. Capitalism has intensified the rich-poor divide and power politics have led to great upheavals. Western values have caused a "value dislocation" for non-Western countries. The world is calling for new development concepts. The "Belt and Road" initiative has emerged as an answer. It embodies China's ideas on global development. First, it works for the "common prosperity" of every country, which will ease contradictions between the South and the North. Second, it emphasizes geo-economie integration that will heal the fragmentation of Eurasia. Third, it advocates linkages between people and inclusiveness to create a new kind of civilization. However, many difficulties and challenges lie ahead for the implementation of the "Belt and Road" initiative.
基金Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019T120114,2019M650756)the National Natural Science Fund(41801064)the Central Asian Atmospheric Science Research Fund(CAAS201804)
文摘"The Belt and Road Initiative"is major decision proposed by the CPC Central Committee with comrade Xi Jinping as the core co-ordinating the domestic and international overall situations,and concerns peaceful rise of China and extension of the strategic opportunity period of modernization construction.It needs multi-faceted safeguards to successfully impel"the Belt and Road Initiative",in which disaster risk identification and its effective prevention and control are indispensable links.By integrating geogeographic and atmospheric environmental factors,countries along"the Belt and Road Initiative"belong to frequent occurrence region of major natural disasters.It restricts not only the economic and social development of relevant countries but also implementation effect of"the Belt and Road Initiative"construction,and is also related to the success or failure of Chinese enterprises going out to a certain extent.It should enhance disaster prevention and mitigation and ensure safety of major infrastructure construction related to interconnection of"the Belt and Road Initiative"by disaster identification and prevention,which is the key of successfully impelling strategy implementation and major need for guaranteeing the people s livelihood of the countries along the line.The work of disaster prevention and mitigation in the countries along the line is generally weak,and it is urgent to raise the level of disaster prevention as a whole by promoting the disaster prevention and mitigation cooperation in the"the Belt and Road Initiative"area;improve the coverage and level of disaster risk insurance;enhance construction in monitoring and early warning capability of natural disaster;strengthen structural adjustment of economy,industry and land use responding to climate change risks;establish a comprehensive disaster reduction forum of"the Belt and Road Initiative",and contain relevant content in"the Belt and Road Initiative"series of high-end forum topics.
基金“A Study on the Strategies and Supporting Systems of ‘Going Global’ of Chinese Retail Industry” which belongs to the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects of Ministry of Education(13YJAZH147)
文摘Helping China’s retail industry to "go global" and get actively involved in global value chain competition is an effective way to improve the international competitiveness of China’s retail industry and an important measure to enhance the Chinese manufacturing industry’s position in international markets. The Belt and Road Initiative is China’s national strategy providing guidance for strategic decision-making for China’s retail industry in terms of overseas target market selection, market access selection and overseas investment risk management. As such, efforts should be made to maximize the interactive development of China’s retail industry through the strategies outlined in the Belt and Road Initiative.
基金National Social Science Fund of China (NSSFC) (Grant No.18VDL015)Shenzhen Major Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences
文摘Sustainable development presents a challenge to most countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Given the importance of infrastructure as a key aspect of the BRI,it is of great importance to investigate sustainable infrastructure in BRI countries.This paper explores how infrastructure meets the criteria of sustainable development and promotes sustainability.However,existing evaluation frameworks are not target-oriented,systematic,and practical.To fill this gap,we provide the framework based on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and apply it to the evaluation of the C12 Road Reconstruction Project.We find that the project promotes local sustainable development as a whole but has negative effects in some respects.In addition to excellent project management,the project still can improve public communication and local integration.In terms of policy implementation,we suggest summarizing the successful business model and promoting top-down and multi-dimensions designs.
文摘On September 7th,Sun Huaibin,vice president of China National Textile and Apparel Council,made a speech with the theme of''Belt and Road Initiative' and the development of China's textile industry',to discuss the harvest and direction of China's textile industry under the background of 'Belt and Road Initiative',in the warming-up section of 2017 the the 2nd China(Zhengzhou)International Futures Forum.
基金The authors received financial support form Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia through Geran Universiti Penyelidikan(GUP-2022-066).
文摘China claims that the Belt and Road Initiative is a cross-regional comprehensive initiative covering the economy,social and environmental pillars.When it was first proposed,it identified five main areas which call for cooperation priorities,i.e.policy coordination,interconnection of facilities,unimpeded trade,financial integration and people-to-people bond.Scholars globally are focusing on the development of the Belt and Road Initiative as it has gone through several development stages.The Belt and Road Initiative initially focused on economic development,equal dialogue and cultural interchange between the Belt and Road Initiative partners and China,and now it has added the concept of green development.This paper reviews the Belt and Road Initiative documents since 2013 and analyses the changes of environmental policies in the Belt and Road Initiative,aiming to identify the challenges and implications of green development.The outcome of this paper provides insight into how the Belt and Road Initiative can contribute towards sustainable development with its partner countries.
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has been pursuing the vision of green development and a way of life and work that is green,low-carbon,circular and sustainable.Recognizing the significance of green development in this area,this paper outlines the actions taken by BRI jurisdictions to tackle climate change,and discusses the progress in energy use and carbon pricing reforms in some BRI jurisdictions,with some jurisdictions’experience being explored in detail.It also puts forward some suggestions for China to help advance green transition of BRI jurisdictions,i.e.,promoting domestic carbon pricing reforms,boosting green investment in BRI jurisdic-tions,and deepening tax cooperation and coordination under the framework of the BRITACOM.
文摘The United States passed the Better Utilization of Investment Leading to Development(BUILD Act),as a counterweight to China’s overseas development activities.Under the Act,the US established a new federal agency,the U.S.International Development Finance Corporation(DFC),to enhance U.S.development financing capabilities.To better understand the impact of the DFC on China’s development finance,this article analyzes the DFC’s purpose,functions,structure,and funding.Then it focuses on the purpose of establishing the DFC,providing a preliminary analysis of the potential motivation for its establishment.It also compares the China Development Bank(CDB)and the DFC based on their focused sectors.Finally,through an in-depth analysis of financial frictions in China-U.S.relations,this article argues that the DFC competes with China’s overseas development financing activities in the context of broader strategic competition between China and the U.S.
文摘Oman, located at the southeastern comer of the Arabian Peninsula, enjoys a geological advantage in history so that it has been the irreplaceable path to maritime routes since the ancient time. Oman and China have started large-scale communications in maritime civilizations through the vast Indian Ocean in Han Dynasty, and the exchanges reached the peak in Tang Dynasty. These exchanges gradually declined with the rise of Western navigation industry. Since the founding of the modem nation-state system, the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Muscat regime in Oman have some conflicts in diplomacy. The relations between two nations, however, began to improve after the mid-1970s, and the formal diplomatic relations was established in 1978. Since then, both countries have enjoyed rapid development in the fields of politics, culture and particularly in economics. China and Oman became important regional economic and trade partners. Whether seen from the perspective of historical contacts or the trend of present economic development, the One Belt and One Road Initiative (OBOR) has providing a golden opportunity for cooperation between China and Oman, at the same time, this initiative has received active response from Oman. In general, China and Oman's cooperation is a typical model in the Middle East, and two countries have made many cooperation achievements under OBOR, such as the China-Oman Industrial Park in Duqm. There are also some investment risks either on micro level or macro level, which require more attention from both government and enterprises of China.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK0600)+1 种基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571496,41971263)The National Key Research and Development Programme(2016YFC0503403)
文摘Since the 1970s,resource crisis,environmental pollution and ecological degradation have become prominent globally,and the limits to growth have always been an important theoretical and policy issue.The technological system of early warning and regulation based on carrying capacity evaluation has great potential in natural resource utilization,environmental management and ecosystem conservation.In this paper,the evolution of carrying capacity research and the concept of ecological carrying capacity are summarized,and the existing evaluation methods of ecological carrying capacity are classified into ecological footprint method,comprehensive index system method,ecosystem service analysis method and human appropriation of net primary productivity method.The current problems in ecological carrying capacity study were analyzed and the trend was outlooked.Combined with the special issue,the recent proceeding of ecological carrying capacity study in the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)region was narrated,from the aspects of ecological carrying capacity evaluation method and application,the supply and consumption of ecosystem services,and the resources use and environment change.Some suggestions have been proposed to improve the accuracy and reliability of ecological carrying capacity evaluation:1)the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamic change of ecological carrying capacity should be explored furtherly;2)the interaction between ecological process and human activities should be simulated;3)factors such as climate change,human activities and ecological products and ecological service flows should be integrated into the evaluation system of ecological carrying capacity.
基金was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant number XDA19030303)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0608700)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant 2019365).
文摘Mountains are undergoing widespread changes caused by human activities and climate change.Given the importance of mountains,the protection and sustainable development of mountain ecosys-tems have been listed as the goals of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.As one of the indicators,the Mountain Green Cover Index(MGCI)datasets can provide consis-tent and comparable status of green vegetation in mountainous areas,which can support the mapping of heterogeneous mountain ecosystem health and monitoring changes over time.The produc-tion of explicitly high-spatial-resolution MGCI datasets is therefore urgently needed to support the protection measures at subnational and multitemporal scales.In this paper,the MGCI datasets with 500-meter spatial resolutions,covering the economic corridors of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),were developed for 2010 to 2019 based on all available Landsat-8 data and the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform.The validation of green vegeta-tion cover with the ground-truth samples indicated that the data-sets can achieve an overall accuracy of 94.06%,with well-detailed spatial and temporal variations.The archived datasets include the MGCI of each BRI economic corridor,matched to a geospatial layer denoting the economic corridor boundaries.The essential informa-tion of the datasets and their limitations,along with the production flow,were described in this paper.