Analysis on Green Agriculture Policy during the Development of Eco-city in European Countries and the United States and Policy Recommendations

Ecological agriculture is the important industrial foundation for building eco-cities,while green agriculture policy plays an essential role in promoting sustainable development of ecological agriculture. This paper analyzed the relationship between green agriculture policy and developing eco-cities and characteristics of green agriculture policies in European countries and the United States developing ecological cities.Besides,it summarized experience,in hope of providing beneficial reference for China developing eco-cities.

盆底超声检查和Green分型诊断产妇产后早期盆底结构及压力性尿失禁

目的:探究盆底超声检查和Green分型在产妇产后早期盆底结构及压力性尿失禁(SUI)诊断中的价值。方法:选取2021年3月-2023年3月本院就诊经产妇204例,根据产后早期(6~8周)SUI发生情况分为SUI组(82例)和非SUI组(122例)。检查产妇静息和Valsalva动作状态下膀胱颈距耻骨联合下缘的距离(BSD)、膀胱尿道后角(PUA)、膀胱颈移动度(BND)和尿道旋转角(UR),对比Green分型;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析相关参数诊断SUI价值。结果:静息状态下,两组盆底超声参数无差异(P>0.05);SUI组Valsalva动作状态下的BSD、PUA、BND和UR值均大于非SUI组,Green分型Ι型占比(25.6%)低于非SUI组(59.8%)(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析,Green分型曲线下面积(AUC)0.579,对SUI诊断价值不佳(P=0.057),Valsalva动作状态下BSD(AUC=0.758)、PUA(AUC=0.743)、BND(AUC=0.769)和UR(AUC=0.705)对SUI诊断价值良好(均P<0.05)。结论:盆底超声检查和Green分型能有效评估经产妇早期盆底结构状况,前者可诊断SUI。

水禽细小病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为了建立水禽细小病毒(WPV)快速检测方法,根据序列比对结果在水禽细小病毒NS基因SF3保守区域内设计特异性引物,建立SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR通用检测方法。该方法的扩增效率(E)为90.0%,相关系数(R~2)=0.99,标准曲线方程为y=-3.607x+38.77;除WPV出现S形扩增曲线外,新城疫病毒(NDV)、H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9 AIV)、鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)、鸭肝炎病毒(DHAV)、鸭肠炎病毒(DEV)、鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)样品均未出现S形阳性扩增曲线;批内变异系数(CV)为0.15%~0.23%,批间变异系数为0.09%~0.28%。结果表明,SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法重复性好、灵敏度高和特异性强。临床样品检测结果表明,SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR与普通PCR的符合率达98.4%,灵敏度是普通PCR的1 000倍。SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法不仅能定性检测WPV,还可以进行定量检测,可用于种鸭场、种鹅场的WPV净化检测,也可用于WPV临床大量样品的快速检测。

猪流行性腹泻病毒SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立高效、灵敏的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)检测方法,本研究从GenBank数据库中获取PEDV N基因序列,扩增出PEDV N基因标准质粒,并在N基因的保守区域内设计了一对特异性荧光定量引物,成功建立了SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。经过一系列试验表明,该检测方法线性关系良好,R^(2)值为0.99;特异性强,敏感性高,最低可检测至2.23 copies/μL,比普通PCR灵敏约100倍;重复性好,组内变异系数为0.25%~0.43%,组间变异系数为0.67%~0.97%;对于各地区96份临床样品检测出PEDV阳性率为25%。本研究建立的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法为PEDV的临床诊断、流行病学调查以及定量研究提供了有效的检测工具。

Issues of Eco-agricultural Industrialization for Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster

Firstly,the necessities of ecological agriculture development in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster were discussed.Then,condition endowment of eco-agricultural industrialization in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster was analyzed from the aspects of basic conditions and differential endowment of eco-agricultural industrialization.Finally,specific forms and functional orientation of eco-agriculture were pointed out.Countermeasures for the eco-agricultural industrialization in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster were put forward.Firstly,the government guidance and the media publicity should be strengthened.Secondly,financial support for the eco-agricultural industrialization in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster should be enhanced.Thirdly,branding strategies of eco-agricultural products in Big Qinling Eco-city Cluster should be implemented as soon as possible.

美洲鳗鲡腺瘤病毒(AEAdoV)普通PCR和SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立美洲鳗鲡腺瘤病毒(AEAdoV)的检测方法,根据AEAdoV福建株(AEAdoVFJ)的superfamily 3 helicases(S3H)序列,设计引物,建立了AEAdoV的普通PCR和qPCR检测方法;进一步评价检测方法的灵敏性、特异性及重复性,利用2种方法对美洲鳗鲡“出血性烂鳃”病料进行了检测,并对美洲鳗鲡体内不同组织的病毒含量进行分析。结果显示,普通PCR扩增的目的片段长度约300 bp,利用其构建的qPCR质粒标准品,其拷贝数与qPCR阈值循环数(C_(t))线性关系良好,线性范围广,标准曲线相关系数(R2)达到0.999,扩增效率为105.067%。建立的普通PCR法和qPCR的最低检测AEAdoV拷贝数分别为100个和10个。2种方法均可特异性检测AEAdoV,而对蛙虹彩病毒(RGV)、鳗鲡疱疹病毒(AngHV)、鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)、对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、日本鳗鲡内皮细胞坏死病毒(JEAdoV)和花鳗鲡腺瘤病毒(MEAdoV)均无扩增反应。qPCR法的组内和组间变异系数均小于2%,表明其重复性良好。临床应用结果显示,35份美洲鳗鲡“出血性烂鳃”病料,采用普通PCR法的AEAdoV检出率为82.8%,而qPCR法的AEAdoV检出率为97%。对美洲鳗鲡不同组织的病毒含量分析结果显示,心脏、肝脏、鳃、鳍的AEAdoV相对含量较高,而黏液、皮肤和脾脏的病毒含量相对较低。研究表明,建立的AEAdoV的灵敏度高、特异性强的普通PCR和qPCR检测方法,证实AEAdoV与美洲鳗鲡“出血性烂鳃”病密切相关,且在感染鳗鲡主要组织中都存在。实验结果对于研究AEAdoV的致病性,开展其流行情况和病原学情况分析具有重要意义。

Eco-city Planning and Practices from the Perspective of Environmental Performance Evaluation

By reviewing researches on environmental performance evaluation of current eco-city construction, this paper analyzed characteristics and deficiencies of the evaluation methods and index systems, and took Haizhu Eco-city for example to assess the environmental performance of eco-city construction from the perspectives of land, water environment, regional weather, and biodiversity. On this basis, a scientific, objective and feasible evaluation method and index system was basically formed so as to demonstrate the efficiency of eco-city construction, and to provide scientific support for the dynamic adjustment and optimization of eco-city construction.

约束Green函数与非线性地基梁模态分析

在生物和医学领域,微机电系统(MEMS)中的微梁结构在植入人体的使用时,由于体内的细胞环境类似于水凝胶,在这种环境下工作,设备和仪器的精度和稳定性很大程度上受到细胞弹性的影响.为了分析此类地基梁的动力学问题,本文建立了非线性基础上的梁振动模型,研究了任意位置弹簧和非线性弹簧基础上的梁模态.通过Laplace变换和线性叠加原理,得到了一种约束Green函数,利用数值计算验证方案的有效性,并研究了各种重要物理参数的影响,发现弹簧位置向跨中移动时,模态对称性被打破,弹簧刚度增加,模态阶数改变.

Comparative Study of Eco-city Indicator System in Tianjin-Tangshan Area: A Case Study of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city and Caofeidian Eco-city

On the basis of previous researches on current eco-city indicator system in China, achievements of Caofeidian Eco-city and Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city in the establishment of indicator system were compared, and their differences in indicator construction framework, indicator component ratio and indicator valuation were summarized. It was found through studying the indicator systems that local indicators should stress characteristics of the city on the basis of national standards, and comply with urban construction conditions; and also that indicator system needed balance between macro and micro level, more reasonable value, and further improvement in the construction and management.

SYBR GreenⅠ染料-实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测发酵乳中的霉菌和酵母含量

目的建立一种应用SYBR GreenⅠ染料的实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法快速检测发酵乳中的霉菌和酵母菌。方法本研究针对霉菌与酵母菌的保守序列设计引物,确定最优反应体系与反应条件。通过熔解曲线以及非目标菌株的检测验证该方法的特异性;通过菌悬液的梯度稀释检测确定该方法的灵敏度;通过菌悬液与发酵乳样品混合后进行检测,确定该方法的检出限,并得到标准曲线。结果该方法能够特异性的检测发酵乳中的霉菌、酵母菌,无交叉反应。该方法检测霉菌、酵母菌的灵敏度均为10^(2) CFU/mL,并且当菌悬液与发酵乳样品混合后,并没有降低该方法的检出限。在10^(2)~10^(6) CFU/mL浓度范围内,菌液浓度的对数值与循环阈值(cyclethreshold,Ct)具有良好的线性关系,可以在市售样品的检测中通过Ct值计算样品中目标菌的含量,更快的判断发酵乳是否被霉菌、酵母菌污染。结论该方法可用于发酵乳中霉菌和酵母菌的快速检测,为发酵乳的食品安全提供了技术保障。

Study on Integration of Suburban Forest Park and Eco-city into “Mega-landscape”

On the basis of analyzing the development of suburban forest parks, the paper proposed the combination of eco-city construction and suburban forest parks, and the construction of "mega-landscape" mode, which offers a new concept for the development of suburban forest parks.

3型哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR方法的建立及应用

哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒(MRV)是双链RNA病毒,可以感染自然宿主的哺乳动物和脊椎动物。为建立一种针对3型哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒(MRV-3)的特异且快速的检测方法,本研究根据Genbank登录的MRV-3(OQ627746-OQ627755)S1基因保守区设计1对特异性引物,并从MRV-3中扩增S1基因,构建重组质粒p MD18-S1,经PCR和测序鉴定正确后作为质粒标准品,经反应体系及反应条件优化后首次初步建立了检测MRV-3的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR(q PCR)方法。将质粒标准品10倍倍比稀释后作为模板经该q PCR扩增,建立标准曲线,结果显示,质粒标准品在1.3×10^(8)拷贝/μL~1.3×10^(3)拷贝/μL与各自的Ct值均呈良好的线性关系,斜率为-3.1706,R^(2)为0.9999,熔解曲线为单峰。以牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛肠道病毒(BEV)、水牛匈爱病毒(Buf Hu V)、牛冠状病毒(BCo V)、牛细小病毒(BPV)和MRV-3的基因组DNA/c DNA为模板,利用本研究建立的q PCR方法检测,评估该方法的特异性;将质粒标准品10倍倍比稀释至1.3×10^(2)拷贝/μL~1.3×10^(8)拷贝/μL后作为模板,分别利用本研究建立的q PCR和常规PCR检测,比较两种方法的检测结果,评估本研究建立q PCR方法的敏感性;以1.3×10^(3)拷贝/μL~1.3×10^(7)拷贝/μL 5个不同浓度的质粒标准品为模板,利用该方法分别进行批内和批间的重复性试验,评估该方法的重复性。结果显示,该方法只能检测出MRV-3,其他相关病原的检测结果均为阴性;该q PCR对质粒标准品的检测限为1.3×10^(3)拷贝/μL,比常规PCR敏感性高10 000倍;批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数均小于或等于1.0%,表明该q PCR方法特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好。利用该方法检测220份牛粪便样品,结果显示MRV-3的检出率(3.64%,8/220)高于常规PCR的检出率(1.36%,3/220),两种检测方法的阳性符合率达100%,阴性符合率为97.75%,总符合率为97.78%。综上所述,本研究首次建立的检测MRV-3的SYBR Green I q PCR方法可以用于临床牛腹泻病原的检测,为MRV-3尤其是牛源MRV-3提供了一种快速灵敏的检测手段,也为MRV-3的后续研究奠定了基础。

三疣梭子蟹十足目虹彩病毒1 SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立十足目虹彩病毒1(decapod iridescent virus 1,DIV1)的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR检测方法,根据DIV1的MCP和ATPase基因序列,设计并筛选出引物,以制备的DIV1阳性质粒标准品为模板构建标准曲线,建立DIV1的SYBR Green I qPCR方法,并对该方法进行临床初步应用。结果显示,建立的qPCR方法阈值循环数(cycle threshold value,Ct)与标准品拷贝数的对数线性关系良好,标准曲线相关系数(R^(2))为0.999;对DIV1阳性的虾蟹核酸样本能够进行特异性扩增,但对传染性脾肾坏死病毒(infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus,ISKNV)和白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)阳性核酸样本均无扩增;最低检测限为9.77 copies/μL;Ct值的组内和组间变异系数均小于1%。运用该方法对70份疑似感染DIV1的虾蟹类样本进行DIV1检测,该方法阳性率为48.57%,与套式PCR检测方法的阳性率一致;利用建立的方法对DIV1阳性三疣梭子蟹的血淋巴、肝胰腺及心脏等组织进行定量检测分析,结果显示各组织中均存在DIV1,其中血淋巴中DIV1平均拷贝数最高。研究表明,建立的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于对DIV1的快速、定量检测,对十足目虹彩病毒病的诊断和防控具有重要意义。

Review of Related Studies on Eco-city Theory

This paper reviews the birth and development of eco-city research by means of historical analysis and literature search. It elaborates the concepts,connotations and principles of scholars both at home and abroad. By comparing the research and practice differences between domestic and foreign eco-city construction,it reviews the various indicators and research progress applied in the current eco-city construction in foreign countries. It systematically sorts out the characteristics of eco-city construction practice in China and points out the main problems in the construction of China's eco-city.

香辛料SYBR GREENⅠ染料实时聚合酶链式反应检测方法的建立及应用

目的:本研究致力于建立香辛料真实性成分的分子鉴定方法,为香辛料的掺假提供有效的鉴定和检测方法,在不同的使用条件下分别实现定性或半定量分析,为建立相关标准提供一定的基础技术支撑。方法:研究采用SYBR GREENⅠ染料实时聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法,通过设计特异性引物成功建立了特异性检测八角、茴香、胡椒和花椒的分析技术。结果:该方法能够特异性检测出八角、茴香、胡椒、花椒,Ct值在标准品体积分数0.001%~10%范围内线性关系良好。针对八角标准品,检测限为1%;针对茴香、花椒、胡椒标准品,最检测限均为0.001%。利用该方法对5份实际样本进行检测,分别在样本1中未检测出八角、茴香、胡椒、花椒;样本2、3、5中检测出八角、茴香、胡椒;样本4中检测出八角、茴香、胡椒、花椒。结论:本实验建立的SYBR GREENⅠ染料实时PCR方法灵敏度高、重复性好,可应用于实际样品的检测。

An evaluation of Chinese eco-city development based on daily lifestyle study:Taking Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city as a case study

After the rapid large-scale but rough development in China since 1978,environmental issues occurred at the same time.As a result,China started to pay attention to environmental protection and try to seek a way of decoupling economic growth and the environment.Eco-city is regarded as a solution widely supported by the central government.After learning from international experience,China has explored a distinctive way to develop eco-cities within the specific Chinese context.This paper aims to evaluate the development of Chinese eco-cities.Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city is taken as a case study to analyze based on daily lifestyle of its residents.A total of 22 interviews,and three days of potential observations were collected in this study as a database.Summative content analysis is applied with 15 keywords and three categories.Policy suggestions are provided at the end aiming to overcome the current existing weakness.

Reviewing electrochemical stability of ionic liquids-/deep eutectic solvents-based electrolytes in lithium-ion,lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries for green and safe energy

Sustainable energy is the key issue for the environment protection,human activity and economic development.Ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are dogmatically regarded as green and sustainable electrolytes in lithium-ion,lithium-metal(e.g.,lithium-sulphur,lithium-oxygen)and post-lithium-ion(e.g.,sodium-ion,magnesium-ion,and aluminum-ion)batteries.High electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs is one of the prerequisites for green,sustainable and safe energy;while easy electrochemical decomposition of ILs/DESs would be contradictory to the concept of green chemistry by adding the cost,releasing volatile/hazardous by-products and hindering the recyclability.However,(1)are ILs/DESs-based electrolytes really electrochemically stable when they are not used in batteries?(2)are ILs/DESs-based electrolytes really electrochemically stable in real batteries?(3)how to design ILs/DESs-based electrolytes with high electrochemical stability for batteries to achieve sustainability and green development?Up to now,there is no summary on this topic,to the best of our knowledge.Here,we review the effect of chemical structure and non-structural factors on the electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in simulated conditions.More importantly,electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in real lithium-ion,lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries is concluded and compared.Finally,the strategies to improve the electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in lithium-ion,lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries are proposed.This review would provide a guide to design ILs/DESs with high electrochemical stability for lithium-ion,lithium-metal and postlithium-ion batteries to achieve sustainable and green energy.

Clean Production and Ecological Industry:A Key to Eco-city Development

Eco-city development is a healthy process towards sustainable development, within the carrying capacity of local ecosystem through changing production mode, consumption behavior and decision instrument based on ecological economics and system engineering. The key to its planning is an ecological integration to make trade-off between economic wealth and environmental health, between material and spiritual civilization, between natural and human eco-cybernetics. Integration, demonstration, citizens’ participation and scientists’ and technician’s catalyzing are the key instruments for the implementation of the ecocity plan. "Clean production" and "ecological industry" are key elements in comprehensive development towards an eco-city. Beyond the technical and management questions, how to interlink production, consumption and reduction at the local and regional level, the spatial and urban dimension should be considered in order to perform an integrative urban eco-space.

Integrated Geo-information System for the Development of Low Carbon Eco-city in China Urban Context

Nowadays, cities are the main living environment of human beings. Rapid urbanization is associated with a variety of issues： population explosion, urban heat island effect, greenhouse gases emissions, energy crisis, climate change and so on. To deal with the challenges from the huge energy consumption and GHGs （greenhouse gases） emission, more and more attention has been paid to low carbon eco-city in China. In this research, the whole process is linked by low carbon eco-city development. High-resolution thermal IR （infrared） satellite remote-sensing is introduced to land use and urban heat island monitoring to meet the requirement of higher accuracy. GIS （geo-information science） technology provides a framework for collecting, processing, managing, analyzing and sharing spatial and temporal data. It has been used in spatial and temporal database management and analysis in low carbon eco-city study. The integrated geo-information system proposed in this research, which will be introduced to various government agencies in China, could enrich the concepts and means for the construction of low carbon eco^city.

Deep eutectic solvents:Green multi-task agents for sustainable super green hydrogen technologies

While reliance on renewable energy resources has become a reality, there is still a need to deploy greener and more sustainable methods in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Indeed, green hydrogen is currently believed to be a reliable solution for global warming and the pollution challenges arising from fossil fuels, making it the resilient fuel of the future. However, the sustainability of green hydrogen technologies is yet to be achieved. In this context, generation of green hydrogen with the aid of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) as green mixtures has been demonstrated as a promising research area. This systematic review article covers green hydrogen generation through water splitting and biomass fermentation when DESs are utilized within the generation process. It also discusses the incorporation of DESs in fuel cell technologies. DESs can play a variety of roles such as solvent, electrolyte, or precursor;colloidal suspension and reaction medium;galvanic replacement, shape-controlling, decoration, or extractive agent;finally oxidant. These roles are relevant to several methods of green hydrogen generation, including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and fermentation. As such, it is of utmost importance to screen potential DES formulations and determine how they can function in and contribute throughout the green hydrogen mobility stages. The realization of super green hydrogen generation stands out as a pivotal milestone in our journey towards achieving a more sustainable form of development;DESs have great potential in making this milestone achievable. Overall, incorporating DESs in hydrogen generation constitutes a promising research area and offers potential scalability for green hydrogen production, storage,transport, and utilization.