A new monitoring index for ecological vulnerability and its application in the Yellow River Basin,China from 2000 to 2022

The ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin has become more fragile under the combined action of natural and manmade activities.However,the change mechanisms of ecological vulnerability in different sub-regions and periods vary,and the reasons for this variability are yet to be explained.Thus,in this study,we proposed a new remote sensing ecological vulnerability index by considering moisture,heat,greenness,dryness,land degradation,and social economy indicators and then analyzed and disclosed the spatial and temporal change patterns of ecological vulnerability of the Yellow River Basin,China from 2000 to 2022 and its driving mechanisms.The results showed that the newly proposed remote sensing ecological vulnerability index had a high accuracy,at 86.36%,which indicated a higher applicability in the Yellow River Basin.From 2000 to 2022,the average remote sensing ecological vulnerability index of the Yellow River Basin was 1.03,denoting moderate vulnerability level.The intensive vulnerability area was the most widely distributed,which was mostly located in the northern part of Shaanxi Province and the eastern part of Shanxi Province.From 2000 to 2022,the ecological vulnerability in the Yellow showed an overall stable trend,while that of the central and eastern regions showed an obvious trend of improvement.The gravity center of ecological vulnerability migrated southwest,indicating that the aggravation of ecological vulnerability in the southwestern regions was more severe than in the northeastern regions of the basin.The dominant single factor of changes in ecological vulnerability shifted from normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)to temperature from 2000 to 2022,and the interaction factors shifted from temperature∩NDVI to temperature∩precipitation,which indicated that the global climate change exerted a more significant impact on regional ecosystems.The above results could provide decision support for the ecological protection and restoration of the Yellow River Basin.

Ecological environment quality evaluation of the Sahel region in Africa based on remote sensing ecological index

Long-term monitoring of the ecological environment changes is helpful for the protection of the ecological environment.Based on the ecological environment of the Sahel region in Africa,we established a remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)model for this region by combining dryness,moisture,greenness,and desertification indicators.Using the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)data in Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform,this study analyzed the ecological environment quality of the Sahel region during the period of 2001-2020.We used liner regression and fluctuation analysis methods to study the trend and fluctuation of RSEI,and utilized the stepwise regression approach to analyze the contribution of each indicator to the RSEI.Further,the correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between RSEI and precipitation,and Hurst index was applied to evaluate the change trend of RSEI in the future.The results show that RSEI of the Sahel region exhibited spatial heterogeneity.Specifically,it exhibited a decrease in gradient from south to north of the Sahel region.Moreover,RSEI in parts of the Sahel region presented non-zonal features.Different land-cover types demonstrated different RSEI values and changing trends.We found that RSEI and precipitation were positively correlated,suggesting that precipitation is the controlling factor of RSEI.The areas where RSEI values presented an increasing trend were slightly less than the areas where RSEI values presented a decreasing trend.In the Sahel region,the areas with the ecological environment characterized by continuous deterioration and continuous improvement accounted for 44.02%and 28.29%of the total study area,respectively,and the areas in which the ecological environment was changing from improvement to deterioration and from deterioration to improvement accounted for 12.42%and 15.26%of the whole area,respectively.In the face of the current ecological environment and future change trends of RSEI in the Sahel region,the research results provide a reference for the construction of the"Green Great Wall"(GGW)ecological environment project in Africa.

Optimization of Green Space Plant Configuration in Residential Areas of Chongqing Central Business District Based on Green Plot Ratio—A Case Study of Xuhui City Residential Community

The current urban green space construction was guided by a two-dimensional index evaluation system, resulting in weak ecological benefits of green space. Green plot ratio (GPR), as a three-dimensional indicator, can characterize the ecological benefits of green areas and the ability of green areas to participate in the operation and regulation of urban ecosystems. As an important component of urban green space, the GPR index was added to the two-dimensional index evaluation system to optimize the green space, which can promote the development of low-carbon, healthy and ecological green space. Based on the research of 22 residential districts in the central city of Chongqing, the Leaf area index (LAI) index of common native garden plants in Chongqing was formed to improve the accuracy of green capacity index measurement in Chongqing. The study also took the residential community of Sunrise City in Banan District of Chongqing as an example, and carried out the optimization design practice from four types of residential community green areas: green areas next to houses, road green areas, concentrated green areas, and green areas attached to public service facilities.

四川青山绿水指数研究

为准确把握四川省各市州绿水青山可持续发展程度和“两山”转化成效,基于全省21个市州2022年资源统计数据,以绿色生态指数(I_(cw))为目标层,选取绿色生态空间数量、绿色生态质量和生态服务功能3个要素作为准则层,构建评价体系,再以绿色生态指数(I_(cw))为基础构建了青山绿水评价指数(Q_(w)),并对其进行了评价。结果表明:川西高原绿色生态发展空间最大,绿色生态指数(I_(cw))在1.5以上,但“两山”转化成效低,青山绿水指数(Q_(w))在4.5以下;川中丘陵区绿色生态发展空间最低,绿色生态指数(I_(cw))在3.0以下,但“两山”转化成效较高,青山绿水指数(Q_(w))介于8.0~11.0。川南、川西山地和川西平原绿色生态发展空间相对较高,“两山”转化成效最高,青山绿水指数(Q_(w))均高于11.0。

高标准农田生态化改造内容及评价方法研究

制定高标准农田生态化改造的内容与关键技术、建立专门化的评价指标体系是推动农业绿色转型并实现高质量发展的有效途径。总结了各地开展高标准农田生态化改造的实践经验并梳理了现有研究成果。高标准农田生态化改造主要集中于田、土、水、路、林5个方面,包括打造生态型田块,培育生态型土壤,搭建生态型排灌系统,铺设生态化道路网络,以及构建生态保护网络。同时,结合现有评价规范和实际工作需求,建成一套应用性强、敏感度高、特色性足的基于过程的评价指标体系,从资源高效、节能减排、生态涵养和安全优质4个维度评价改造成效。最后,从创新投入机制、制定技术规程和建立评价规范等方面提出保障高标准农田生态化改造的相关建议。

乌兰图嘎锗煤露天矿生态环境质量评价及空间自相关分析

以Sentinel-2为基础数据源,采用主成分分析法构建2020—2023年乌兰图嘎锗煤露天矿RSEI遥感生态指数,运用空间自相关对矿区生态环境质量进行动态监测及定量评价。结果表明:绿度指标(NDVI)及湿度指标(WET)是矿区生态环境主要影响因素,2020—2023年矿区RSEI遥感生态指数逐年增长,涨幅达28.4%;生态环境差与较差区域共计减少1.62 km^(2);良好与优区域共计增长1.06 km^(2);生态环境质量呈高度空间自相关,生态环境差及较差值在露天矿采坑高度聚集,生态环境质量良好及优值在排土场苗圃及削坡区域高度聚集,网格数4年间涨幅达27.27%,生态环境得到有效改善,且空间布局趋于合理化。

西南生态脆弱区铁路客站绿色评价指标体系构建研究

西南生态脆弱区地势复杂、气候严寒、水土流失严重,对铁路客站建设产生较大影响。本文以铁路客站绿色新发展理念为原则,提出铁路客站绿色评价指标体系框架,总结适用于西南生态脆弱区的绿色技术措施;基于《绿色建筑评价标准》GB/T 50378、《绿色铁路客站评价标准》TB/T 10429相关评价指标梳理,建立适用于区域生态环境特点、经济技术现状的铁路客站绿色评价指标体系,旨在助力推动铁路行业的绿色发展。

An enhanced landscape aggregation index

The aggregation index (AI) is a classical ecology calculation method, which has been widely used for measuring the aggregation level of spatial patterns within a landscape scale in landscape ecological studies. However, it has certain limitions. For instance, identical results can be obtained by AI even when the shape and number of landscape patches are totally different in two landscape units. Furthermore, the value of AI approaches to 1 if the landscape patch is large enough. To solve these problems, a logical limitation of the original AI equation was revised firstly. Secondly, an improved AI-J was developed based on the awareness of the effects of spatial distribution characteristics of patches and changing spatial scale on AI operation. Finally, the accuracy of AI and AI-J results were evaluated through a case study of city green patches in Chengdu, P. R. China. The results show that the calculated result of AI-J is more precise than that of AI and AI-J can be used to compare a certain landscape class under different spatial scales.

An Approach to the Construction of Green Infrastructure and Green Spatial Governance for a City

There is a substantial significance to construct city green spaces for improvement of the city environment and ecological function. The conservation of city green space includes a sound plan of green space and the non-statutory parks and green open space, which are open spaces of both public and private land to be greened, they both become the basis for constructing an ecological green network of great city environment. To manipulate cross-sectoral integration, the city greening practice performs effective implementation. The main objective of an approach is to perform the governance indices of green spaces by expert questionnaire and then draft the greening strategies for Taipei city to improve the green landscape and the quality of city environment. The research draws on the green infrastructure and green ecological network system, analyzes the green ecological resources and the characteristic and structure of city spaces in Taipei city, in the meanwhile, learns the domestic and international experiences of greening development. By means of city green space of activation transformation and program of action under greening performance, Taipei city promotes the green image and the quality of city environment and green city landscape.

“美丽吉林”建设成效评估指标体系构建研究

阐述了“美丽吉林”建设的内涵,评估指标设置的意义,并提出了“美丽吉林”建设要以生态环境领域为重点,借鉴生态文明、美丽中国等指标体系研究成果,充分衔接吉林省其他领域相关规划指标,围绕绿色低碳、环境优美、生态安全、宜居生活4个方面,确定了28项指标,明确了各项指标权重和分值,构建了“美丽吉林”建设水平评价指标体系,并通过案例验证了指标选取基本合理可行。

建设“一体系五平衡”模式,推进绿色高质量矿山建设

矿产资源是国民经济发展的重要基础,面对我国矿产资源储量大、赋存条件差、贫矿多、富矿少的独特资源国情,绿色矿山建设已经成为矿业领域发展的主旋律以及保障国家资源安全的战略任务。绿色矿山发展的落实需要有系统、全面的管理体系作为基础。因此,本文结合对绿色高质量发展矿山的研究,在现有绿色矿山评价指标及管理方案基础上,提出了“一体系五平衡”模式,从资源、能源、水、固废、生态五个方面解决生态与平衡问题,意在加强生态环境修复监管力度、助力生态文明建设,使我国绿水青山具有更亮的底色。

基于遥感绿色指数的矿区生态环境质量评价研究——以义马矿区为例

矿区的开采活动对区域的生态环境质量具有很大影响。为了更加客观准确地评价矿区生态环境质量,构建了一种适用于研究矿区生态环境质量的遥感绿色指数(RSGI)模型,并初次将模型应用于义马矿区的生态环境质量评价。基于1991年、2011年、2021年的Landsat遥感影像,利用ENVI5.3软件对遥感影像进行监督分类、计算遥感绿色指数,从时间和空间上对义马矿区近30年生态环境质量进行评价;并运用皮尔逊相关系数分析了矿区生态环境质量与矿区各生态要素之间的相关性。结果表明:①1991—2021年总体的生态环境质量以优为主,绿色空间面积均达到80%以上;②1991年、2011年和2021年义马矿区RSGI数值分别为0.90、0.91和0.89,其生态环境质量呈现先增长后缓慢下降,总体上处于下降趋势;③1991—2021年间,生态环境质量变化明显的是城镇以及矿区,大部分城镇和矿区生态环境质量呈现下降趋势,说明义马矿区生态环境质量的变化与矿业开发活动密切相关;④遥感绿色指数高的地方,其耕地、林地、草地所占面积比重比较大,建筑物和不透水表面面积占比较小,遥感绿色指数与各指标之间有显著的相关性。研究结果为义马矿区生态环境修复与绿色矿山建设提供重要的科学依据。

省级行政区生态功能区绿色发展与商贸流通效率耦合协调研究

文章基于2018—2022年的相关数据,对我国30个省级行政区生态功能区绿色发展与商贸流通效率耦合协调进行了研究,从商贸流通规模、商贸流通结构、商贸流通现代化、资源节约、环境治理和绿色生活6个角度选择14项指标,对省级行政区生态功能区域的商业流通业与绿色发展的关系进行了分析。结果表明,2018年,我国省级行政区生态功能区绿色协调发展指数仅有0.2750,商贸流通综合发展指数为0.2032,发展水平较低,两者间相互作用关系不明显。在2022年,协调发展度为0.8706,省级行政区生态功能区绿色发展与商贸流通协调发展水平进入优质协调阶段,其发展速度也得到提升。不存在严重失调地区,轻度失调省级行政区为15个。福建、北京、湖北、湖南、重庆、四川等11个省级行政区为初级协调阶段,江苏、上海、浙江3省级行政区为良好协调阶段,广东省为优质协调阶段。

黄土高原中部泾河流域景观生态韧性动态特征

生态韧性是当前研究领域中最引人注目的热点问题之一,旨在探讨如何应对气候变化、自然灾害和生态风险等环境挑战。流域作为生态发展的主要载体,提升其生态韧性对于区域绿色高质量发展有着重要意义。从景观生态韧性时空特征的角度,探讨黄土高原中部泾河流域生态韧性水平的变化机制,通过SWAT模型、CASA模型和InVEST模型评估流域生态系统服务,并考虑景观格局特征,构建流域生态韧性评估模型,揭示泾河流域生态韧性的时空特征。结果表明:2000~2020年,泾河流域各子流域生态韧性均持续上升。与2000年相比,2020年所有子流域都超过了低韧性等级,泾河流域44.55%的面积由低韧性等级转出,12.59%的面积转换成高韧性等级。生态韧性具有流通性,可以给其他区域带来有益效应。生态韧性提升是以六盘山和子午岭林区为生态韧性热点区域向整个流域辐射。生态韧性从流域南部到北部呈现扇形降低态势,从流域南部到东部和西部出现相似的“高→低→高”模式,流域生态韧性水平整体呈现显著上升趋势。流域南部虽然保持着较高的生态系统服务,但因建筑用地扩张以及不合理的景观结构,呈低生态稳定性。由此可见,过去20年泾河流域退耕还林(草)工程实施有益于生态系统服务提升,对流域生态韧性有积极的影响。

2011-2020年金华城市生态气候环境绿色宜居性评价研究

生态文明建设背景下,各级政府对城市绿色宜居水平关注度高,生态气候环境是影响城市宜居水平的重要因素。利用金华市2011—2020年的气象、生态、环境相关资料,运用多层次评价模型,从气象灾害、气候舒适度、生态环境和空气质量4大方面筛选出21项指标,构建城市生态气候环境绿色宜居综合评价体系,结合德尔菲方法,确定各指标权重,通过计算各项指标值和综合指数,对城市绿色宜居性进行定量分析评价。结果表明,2011—2020年10年间金华市全域在绿色宜居方面均达到“适宜”水平以上,适宜程度的空间分布与地形密切相关。从各指标看,气象灾害全域呈“中部少四周多”分布特征,气候舒适度全域呈“中部高四周低”分布特征,生态环境和空气质量呈“中部差四周好”分布特征。城市绿色宜居综合指数在一定程度上可以反映各城市的绿色宜居程度,通过定量分析与评价,可衡量各城市在生态、气候、环境因素等方面的优劣,为政府决策提供科学支撑。

城市绿地生态效益测度研究进展

城市绿地是国土空间中发挥碳汇功能的重要空间载体,明确城市绿地生态效益及其测度方法相关研究进展,能够为改善生态环境、协助城市可持续发展提供理论依据,对优化城市绿色空间格局、提升碳汇效能具有重要意义。本文基于大量相关科学研究文献,综述了城市绿地生态效益测度基本内涵、现阶段特征、主要方法和未来展望。首先对城市绿地生态效益相关概念展开论述,并总结了当前城市绿地生态测度的主要研究方向;其次对相关国内外研究现状进行追踪与分析,总结了现阶段城市绿地生态效益测度研究的两大特征;随后在此基础上,对城市绿地生态效益测度方法进行了分类,主要分为价值测度法、模型测度法、指标体系法;最后,强调未来研究方向要多关注城市绿地负效应研究,开拓更多生态效益测度方法,加快城市绿地生态效益测度应用,以期进一步推动城市绿地生态环境可持续发展。

天津津南区葛沽镇中轴片区绿色生态指标体系构建研究

从2013年《“十二五”绿色建筑和绿色生态城区发展规划》要求建设绿色生态城区示范工程开始,我国经过多年的探索和研究,形成了以指标体系为导向的绿色生态城区发展模式。“十四五”进入新发展时期,在城乡建设绿色发展和碳达峰碳中和政策大背景下,我国生态城区进入规模化发展阶段,建设绿色低碳城区,推动绿色城市发展,成为新时期城镇化发展的重点任务之一。本文以天津津南区葛沽镇中轴片区绿色生态指标体系为研究对象,对标绿色生态城区评价标准,研究指标体系建设方法和在生态城区的实施方法。

基于RSEI的河北省森林城市生态环境质量变化分析——以青龙满族自治县为例

以青龙满族自治县为研究对象,基于GEE平台2013—2022年生长季的Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像构建遥感生态指数(RSEI),对区域生态环境质量变化进行了评估。结果表明:近10年来,青龙县生态环境质量总体向好,其中优等区域(RSEI等级为优或良)面积增长了21%,占全县面积6.6%的区域呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05)。西部地区虽然多年RSEI均值较低,但上升趋势较快;东部地区的祖山镇、三星口乡、龙王庙乡等部分区域虽然多年RSEI均值较高,但呈不显著的下降趋势。

基于生态足迹的区域绿色技术效率及其影响因素研究

衡量经济产出的本质尺度是向消费者提供最终服务的质量和价值,而不简单局限于生产出的物质数量。为此,把环境、资源因素纳入传统技术效率测算框架:通过引入生态足迹变量,来表征自然资源投入;借鉴绿色GDP核算的思想,利用绿化指数对传统产出进行调整,以表征绿色产出;结合资本存量及有效劳动力指标,基于SFA模型测算出我国2001-2010年省级单位的绿色技术效率,进而从技术、制度、产业层面进行因素分析。结果表明:我国绿色技术效率呈缓慢上升的趋势;与传统技术效率比较,不仅数值更低,而且区域间差异程度更小;技术引进必须与消化、吸收和改造相结合,才能真正起到提升区域绿色技术效率水平的作用,否则会起到负面的影响;交通通讯基础设施的快速发展使得技术溢出对绿色技术效率提升产生积极影响;出口虽然加大了生态输出,但能促进环境资源利用效率的改善;我国工业发展过程中资源的利用效率有待提高;城市化进程中过度的环境资源负荷与较高的生态资源占用有碍区域绿色技术效率的发展。

绿色铀矿山研究进展

建设绿色铀矿山,是建设美丽中国的重要组成部分,走技术创新、生态环保之路是铀矿山的必然选择。简述了铀矿山固、气、液等三大污染危害,重点评述了绿色矿山评价指标体系、铀矿绿色开采及生态修复技术、铀矿山智能化建设等方面的研究进展。最后对绿色铀矿山研究进行了展望。