Synthesis and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin Modified Biochar Environmental Remediation Materials

In this paper, biochar (BC) was used as raw material, activated by deionizing aqueous solution, NaCl solution, CA solution and HCl solution respectively. Epichlorohydrin (EPI) was used as crosslinking agent, and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was used to modify biochar (BC). The prepared modified biochar materials were labeled with β-CDBC, β-CDBC-Na, β-CDBC-CA and β-CDBC-H, respectively. The infrared spectrum, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and specific surface area of the four modified materials were tested. The results showed that the C-O stretching vibration peak at 1020 cm−1 of the modified materials was slightly offset compared with that of biochar. The characteristic absorption peaks of XRD pattern decrease obviously at 2θ = 26.7˚ and 29.5˚. It can be obviously observed on the electron microscope image that the surface is loaded or formed clathrates, and BET data and graphs also show that the specific surface area of the modified biochar is larger. Therefore, β-cyclodextrin successfully modified biochar and formed clathrates on the surface of biochar or was loaded in the pore structure of biochar, especially β-CDBC-CA achieved better modification effect. Because biochar and β-cyclodextrin raw materials are cheap, easy to prepare and green, and less prone to secondary pollution, it has a good advantage in environmental governance.

A Mechanism for Digital Finance to Drive Green and Low-Carbon Development

Given the global focus on green and low-carbon development and the increasing prominence of digital finance,it is particularly important to explore how to leverage digital finance to achieve these environmental goals.This study,through mechanism analysis,deeply examines how China’s digital finance promotes green and low-carbon development and elucidates the positive interaction between digital finance and the green industry.The study found that digital finance,through more flexible and efficient financial functions,alters the cost structure of carbon emissions,and reduces the risks and costs of green investments,thereby creating a cooperative green mechanism benefiting all parties,and guiding social groups toward a green and low-carbon transformation.Additionally,the rapid development of digital finance has strengthened the implementation of environmental protection policies,effectively promoted the expansion of the environmental protection industry,and established the green ethos as a mainstream concept in financial development.This study aims to provide reference perspectives and suggestions,assist policymakers in promoting the green and lowcarbon development of digital finance,and offer insights into the integrated development of digital finance and the green environmental protection industry.

Environmental Technical Standards and the Green Transition of China’s Manufacturing Industry

Distinct from the existing literature conforming to the Porter hypothesis which emphasizes the technological innovation mechanism,this paper examines the mechanism of technological transformation through which environmental technical standards influence the manufacturing industry in reducing emissions and improving efficiency(i.e.green transition).Furthermore,drawing upon enterprise samples from the databases of Chinese Industrial Enterprises and Chinese Industrial Pollution Sources from Major Monitored Enterprises,it empirically validates the results of the theoretical analysis.Overall,our research reveals that environmental technical standards can propel manufacturing enterprises to reduce pollution and increase productivity by following an incremental path of technological transformation,thereby achieving a green transition.Moreover,environmental technical standards indirectly promote green technology innovation in the upstream equipment manufacturing enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis further shows that environmental technical standards have a stronger effect of green transition on those companies with higher pollution emission intensity,lower productivity,slower capital renewal and stronger financing capacity prior to implementing the environmental policies.

Green technical innovation, environmental expenditure, and the environmental Kuznets curve:a dynamics model

The relationship between the emission of pollutant and economic growth has attracted a lot of attention in the environmental debate of the recent decades. Based on some theoretical and empirical research on environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), this paper introduces the environmental technical innovation and environmental investment into Solow growth model to discuss the relationship between GDP per capital and the emission of pollutant. By the dynamic simulation and parameters analysis, the results of the model indicate: (1) when "green" technical progress and environmental investment are fixed, the relationship between GDP per capital and the emission shows the linear relationship; (2) "green" technical progress can lead to the positive growth rates with a decreasing level of emis-sion, which is compatible with an EKC; (3) the proportion of the environmental investment can lead the different growth rates and level of emission. These results can explain that developing countries are "too poor to be green" .

Modification of the Leontief-Ford Input-Output Model for the Green Economy Goals and Environment Protection

The economics’ ecological modernization approach based on the input-output balance model is considered in the paper. The government measures on Russian Federation’s transition to green economy on reducing of greenhouse gas emissions are analyzed. In an article for green economy evaluation, including greenhouse gas emissions per capita and per unit of GDP, the indicator of the production environmental costs is proposed to include. The authors suppose adding and to modernize the Leontief-Ford model of input-output balance by economic evaluation of the environment pollution effects. This model is proposed to consider macro-economic assessment of environmental damage, health deterioration due to environmental pollution, as well as the use costs of the environmentally friendly technologies, the environmental and energy innovations’ implementation, climate change. The proposed modified model of environmentally oriented input-output balance can be used in the economic compensation system implementation on natural capital use and ecosystem services’ consuming in countries and their regions. The modified Leontief-Ford model proposed in the paper can be used for green economy development calculating, for example in Russia during the development of measures for the environment and economic development. Also this paper opens discussions for opportunities of the further possible integration of the theoretical models for environment protection decision-making.

井口点火放空装置在天然气井处理中的绿色环保作用评价

天然气是清洁能源,其开发利用有助于减少酸雨形成,减缓地球温室效应,从根本上改善环境质量。天然气在冬季生产过程中,经常需要井口放空处理,如果直接将天然气排入大气中,则会造成环境污染;如果不进行放空,则不利于气井的正常处理,存在环境污染与气井管理的矛盾。针对这个问题,引入了井口点火放空橇,通过管线与气井井口采气树相连接,利用车载小型气液分离器将天然气进行气液分离,液体排入储液灌,天然气则在井口直接点火燃烧,有效避免了环境问题,又解决了气井的处理需求。井口点火放空橇体积小,以车载方式移动,施工时安装连接方便,两个小时内可完成施工作业,投入产出比为1.00∶4.34,推广应用前景广阔。

数字基础设施建设对城市绿色创新效率的影响——基于“宽带中国”战略试点政策的准自然实验

本文基于我国280个地级及以上城市2006~2021年的面板数据,利用多期双重差分模型考察“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率的影响效应、内在机制及异质性表现。研究发现:(1)“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率具有显著的提升作用,并且在一系列稳健性检验后结果依然稳健;(2)劳动力流动和生产性服务业集聚是“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施提高城市绿色创新效率的两种机制;(3)“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率的促进作用在东部城市、大规模城市、非资源型城市中更强;(4)正式环境规制和非正式环境规制正向调节“宽带中国”战略试点政策实施对城市绿色创新效率的驱动作用。本文为推动数字基础设施建设以及城市绿色创新效率的提升提供了重要政策启示。

政府资助、环境规制与绿色技术创新:基于企业异质性的比较

基于我国2009—2021年沪深A股上市公司的数据,实证检验了政府资助对企业绿色创新的影响,并验证了环境规制的调节效应,同时基于企业异质性分析该效应的差异。结果显示:政府资助对企业绿色创新存在U形影响,环境规制会削弱该影响;政府资助显著促进非重污染企业的绿色创新,而对重污染企业绿色创新存在U形影响,环境规制会削弱政府资助对重污染企业的U形影响;无论国有还是非国有企业,环境规制正向调节政府资助对企业绿色创新的影响,且对非国有企业调节作用更强。据此,政府在加大对企业绿色创新支持力度的同时,应该结合环境监管政策,采取差异化的资助措施,重在引导企业以追求低碳化目标为导向积极开展绿色创新。

数字经济对我国碳中和能力的影响研究

数字经济是一种以数字技术为核心驱动力的新型经济形态,蕴含着绿色低碳效应,能够促进社会向资源节约型和环境友好型发展。文章采用2013—2021年中国30个省份面板数据,探究数字经济对碳中和能力的影响效应。研究发现:数字经济对碳中和能力具有促进作用且呈现非线性特征,对碳减排能力具有先促进后抑制作用,对碳移除能力具有促进作用;我国东西部地区影响异质性的原因是碳减排能力与碳移除能力的水平差异;数字经济能够助力各社会主体,通过促进企业技术创新、公众绿色消费以及调节政府环境规制增强碳中和能力,其中绿色消费机制不可持续;各社会主体协同关系对碳中和能力影响不显著。

绿色转型:关系调适、基本样态及其发轫机制

经典环境社会学研究聚焦环境问题或环境衰退的学理解剖与理论阐释,呈现“环境衰退论”的叙事特征。为应对环境挑战,人类积极调整人与自然以及人与人之间的关系,推动社会的绿色转型,勾勒出资源消耗迈向资源善用、环境损害迈向生态修复、生态代谢断裂迈向生态循环以及失序发展迈向协调发展的基本轮廓。制度-政策势能、经济-技术变革和社会-文化浪潮构成绿色转型赖以发轫和发展的基本机制,其中,制度-政策势能在中国的绿色转型实践中扮演着关键性角色。当前,绿色转型虽然已不只是学术想象与学术倡导,但这种转型实践还处于趋势性状态,面临着不平衡性、不稳定性和不充分性的挑战。对此,环境社会学需要持续开展更为深入的学理研究。

财政分权的绿色技术创新效应研究

绿色技术创新是实现绿色低碳发展的核心驱动力,明确财政分权在绿色技术创新过程中发挥的作用具有十分重要的现实意义。本文基于中国省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型等多种数据分析方法,实证考察了财政分权对绿色技术创新的影响。研究发现,财政分权抑制了绿色技术创新。财政科学技术支出和环境规制是财政分权抑制绿色技术创新的主要渠道;在低收入地区,财政分权抑制了绿色技术创新,而在中高收入地区,财政分权促进了绿色技术创新。本文为深化我国财政分权体制改革,加快推进绿色技术创新提供了政策启示。

环境规制与绿色全要素生产率:促进还是抑制?

在“双碳”背景下通过制定环境规制政策提高绿色全要素生产率,推动经济绿色发展具有现实意义。以2000—2020年我国30个省级行政区的面板数据为基础,构建超效率(SBM—GML)模型阐释环境规制与绿色全要素生产率之间的内在逻辑,在分别控制时间和地区的双固定效应和面板分位数回归模型(PQRM)的基础上得出以下结论:(1)环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的作用效果是先抑制后促进;(2)由于经济发展水平的区域性差异,环境规制对高端分位点省级行政区的绿色全要素生产率的促进程度远小于低端分位点省级行政区;(3)技术进步是我国东、中、西和东北等地区绿色全要素生产率提高的关键因素,全域技术效率尤其是规模效率是阻碍绿色全要素生产率提升的关键因素。因此,地方政府首先要结合当地资源禀赋及自然环境承受能力,完善环境规制政策,缩小区际差异;其次要加强基础性研究,破除技术垄断,优化生产流程,提升规模经济,提高绿色全要素生产率。

Renewable and Green Energy, Africa’s Pathway to Sustainable Development;Harnessing the Continent’s Natural Energy Sources

Renewable energy includes all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner, including bioenergy, geothermal energy, hydropower, ocean energy, solar energy, and wind energy. Less than one quarter of Africa’s renewable power generation potential is utilized. Africa’s natural endowments are enormous, yet the continent experiences high energy shortage. Amongst the classifications of energy sources, renewable and green energy sources are increasingly gaining popularity due to their sustainable nature and environmental concerns. This paper explores the continent’s natural energy sources and identifies pathways to sustainable development. The paper also narrows the renewable and green energy sources obtainable on the continent and presents their contribution to the development of the continent. The awareness level of Africans towards renewable energy is discussed and the challenges of renewable and green energy sources are highlighted. Finally, the roles to be played by the government and private organizations in the development of renewable and green energy sources in Africa are discussed.

关于黑龙江省水煤浆产业发展的建议

为促进黑龙江水煤浆产业发展,分析水煤浆产业发展现状,探讨进一步加快发展水煤浆产业的建议,如政府主导统筹协调发展,地方推动配套工程示范,坚定落实绿色发展战略,增加核心技术储备等。

市场激励型环境规制与区域绿色创新效率——基于产业结构优化的中介作用和财政分权的调节作用

市场激励型环境规制是解决环境治理负外部性、推进区域绿色创新效率的重要途径。以2005~2020年省级面板数据为研究对象,采用系统广义矩模型(GMM)法检验市场激励型环境规制对区域绿色创新效率的影响效应及作用机理。结果表明:市场激励型环境规制能够显著促进区域绿色创新效率的提升;从影响机制来看,市场激励型环境规制可以通过促进产业结构合理化和产业结构高级化显著促进区域绿色创新效率的提升。此外,有效的财政分权环境能够正向调节市场激励型环境规制与区域绿色创新效率的关系。

黏结钕铁硼磁体生产和回收生命周期评价

关于钕铁硼磁体回收的研究越来越受到重视,但在起步阶段回收制备技术是否能够真正带来环境效益是不确定的。采用ReCiPe评价方法,选取制备1 kg黏结钕铁硼磁体为功能单位,分别对黏结钕铁硼磁体直接制备和回收制备流程的环境影响进行评价并对比。结果表明:直接制备流程中对环境影响最大的关键阶段为熔炼阶段,环境影响主要由钕和电力产生;回收制备流程中对环境影响最大的关键阶段为去除有机物阶段和热压固化阶段,环境影响主要由次氯酸钠和电力产生。生产1 kg黏结钕铁硼磁体,直接制备工艺对人体健康损害、生态健康损害和资源耗竭的环境损害分别是回收制备工艺的158.40%、180.63%、63.37%。